Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2020

The field of microbiome research has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and become a topic great scientific public interest. As result this rapid growth in interest covering different fields, we are lacking clear commonly agreed definition term "microbiome." Moreover, consensus on best practices is missing. Recently, panel international experts discussed current gaps frame European-funded MicrobiomeSupport project. meeting brought together about 40 leaders from diverse areas, while more than hundred all world took part an online survey accompanying workshop. This article excerpts outcomes workshop corresponding embedded short historical introduction future outlook. We propose based compact, clear, comprehensive description provided by Whipps et al. 1988, amended with set novel recommendations considering latest technological developments findings. clearly separate terms microbiota provide discussion composition microbiota, heterogeneity dynamics microbiomes time space, stability resilience microbial networks, core microbiomes, functionally relevant keystone species as well co-evolutionary principles microbe-host inter-species interactions within microbiome. These broad definitions suggested unifying concepts will help to improve standardization studies future, could be starting point for integrated assessment data resulting transfer knowledge basic science into practice. Furthermore, standards important solving new challenges associated anthropogenic-driven changes planetary health, which understanding might play key role. Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 184 - 184

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of gut microbiota on LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 91, С. 107272 - 107272

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Priority effects in microbiome assembly

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(2), С. 109 - 121

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma

Seminars in Immunopathology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 42(1), С. 75 - 93

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020

Abstract Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced environmental other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth in very early life. healthy microbial composition characterized a prevalence bacteria belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria Firmicutes . However, viral respiratory infections associated an abundance Proteobacteria genera Haemophilus Moraxella young adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports activation inflammatory pathways contributes bronchoconstriction bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous can affect natural microbiota positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It evident that also gut has high influence on pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, drugs severely impair as well microbiota. Resulting reduced diversity dysregulate bidirectional crosstalk across gut-lung axis, resulting hypersensitivity hyperreactivity food allergens. Efforts undertaken reconstitute immune balance probiotics engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy prevention treatment. Overall, seem be critical causes increased emergence

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(3), С. 886 - 886

Опубликована: Март 9, 2021

Infectious diseases and infections remain a leading cause of death in low-income countries major risk to vulnerable groups, such as infants the elderly. The immune system plays crucial role susceptibility, persistence, clearance these infections. With 70–80% cells being present gut, there is an intricate interplay between intestinal microbiota, epithelial layer, local mucosal system. In addition responses it increasingly recognized that gut microbiome also affects systemic immunity. Clinicians are more using increased knowledge about complex interactions system, microbiome, human pathogens. now well-recognized impact nutrition on composition microbiota elucidates can play improving health. This review describes mechanisms involved maintaining balance health, response, immunity, linking this infectious throughout life, highlights disease prevention treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Butyrate producers, “The Sentinel of Gut”: Their intestinal significance with and beyond butyrate, and prospective use as microbial therapeutics

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Gut-microbial butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of significant physiological importance than the other major SCFAs (acetate and propionate). Most producers belong to Clostridium cluster phylum Firmicutes, such as Faecalibacterium , Roseburia Eubacterium Anaerostipes Coprococcus Subdoligranulum Anaerobutyricum . They metabolize carbohydrates via butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase pathway kinase terminal enzymes produce most butyrate. Although, in minor fractions, amino acids can also be utilized generate glutamate lysine pathways. Butyrogenic microbes play vital role various gut-associated metabolisms. Butyrate used by colonocytes energy, stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor maintain anaerobic environment gut, maintains gut barrier integrity regulating Claudin-1 synaptopodin expression, limits pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12), inhibits oncogenic pathways (Akt/ERK, Wnt, TGF-β signaling). Colonic shape microbial community secreting anti-microbial substances, cathelicidins, reuterin, β-defensin-1, homeostasis releasing anti-inflammatory molecules, IgA, vitamin B, molecules. Additionally, producers, anti-carcinogenic metabolites, shikimic precursor conjugated linoleic acid. In this review, we summarized significance butyrate, critically examined relevance contextualized their therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(6), С. 1718 - 1718

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) global pandemic is a devastating event that causing thousands of victims every day around the world. One main reasons great impact disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society its unexpected spread, which has not allowed an adequate preparation. scientific community fighting against time for production vaccine, but it difficult to place safe and effective product market as fast virus spreading. Similarly, drugs can directly interfere with viral pathways, their times are long, despite efforts made. For these reasons, we analyzed possible role non-pharmacological substances such supplements, probiotics, nutraceuticals in reducing risk Sars-CoV-2 infection or mitigating symptoms COVID-19. These could have numerous advantages current circumstances, generally easily available, negligible side effects if administered at already used tested dosages. Large evidence supports benefits some bacterial molecular products may exert immune response viruses. also regulatory systemic inflammation endothelial damage, two crucial aspects However, there no specific data rigorous clinical trials should be conducted confirm putative diet supplementation, pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2021

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and according to World Health Organization (WHO), date, SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 91.8 million people worldwide with 1,986,871 deaths. This virus affects mainly respiratory system, but gastrointestinal tract (GIT) also a target, meanwhile was detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, rectum, fecal samples from patients. Prolonged GIT manifestations COVID-19, diarrhea, were correlated decreased richness diversity of gut microbiota, immune deregulation delayed clearance. So, bidirectional interactions between mucosa known as gut-lung axis, are supposed be involved healthy or pathologic responses SARS-CoV-2. In accordance, intestinal dysbiosis associated increased mortality other infections, due exacerbated inflammation regulatory anti-inflammatory mechanisms lungs gut, pointing this important relationship both mucosal compartments. Therefore, since mucous membranes tracts affected, addition inflammation, it plausible assume that adjunctive therapies based on modulation microbiota re-establishment eubiosis conditions could therapeutic approach for constraining harmful consequences COVID-19. Then, review, we summarized studies showing persistence system related digestive manifestations, literature demonstrating nasopharyngeal, pulmonary Lastly, showed potential beneficial role probiotic administration discuss possible probiotics therapy infection.

Язык: Английский

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The potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

npj Science of Food, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2020

Abstract COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This new viral infection was first identified in China December 2019, and it has subsequently spread globally. The lack of vaccine or curative treatment for necessitates focus on other strategies to prevent treat infection. Probiotics consist single mixed cultures live microorganisms that can beneficially affect host maintaining intestinal lung microbiota play major role human health. At present, good scientific evidence exists support ability probiotics boost immunity, thereby preventing colonization pathogens reducing incidence severity infections. Herein, we present clinical studies use probiotic supplementation tract These data lead promising benefits risk COVID-19. Further should be conducted assess combat

Язык: Английский

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