Heat
stress
is
a
major
threat
to
global
crop
production,
and
understanding
its
impact
on
plant
fertility
crucial
for
developing
climate-resilient
crops.
Despite
the
known
negative
effects
of
heat
reproduction,
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
investigated
elevated
temperature
centromere
structure
chromosome
segregation
during
meiosis
in
Arabidopsis
thaliana
.
Our
findings
reveal
that
causes
significant
decline
leads
formation
micronuclei
pollen
mother
cells,
along
with
an
extended
duration
meiotic
division.
We
also
demonstrate
reduction
amounts
centromeric
histone
kinetochore
protein
BMF1
at
centromeres
increasing
temperature.
Furthermore,
show
prolongs
activity
spindle
assembly
checkpoint
I,
indicating
impaired
efficiency
attachments
microtubules.
analysis
mutants
reduced
suggests
weakened
sensitize
plants
temperature,
resulting
defects
even
moderate
temperatures.
These
results
indicate
functionality
are
highly
sensitive
stress,
suggest
kinetochores
may
represent
bottleneck
adaptation
Nature Plants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(4), С. 581 - 586
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Abstract
Heterosis
utilization
in
a
large
proportion
of
crops
depends
on
the
use
cytoplasmic
male
sterility
(CMS)
tools,
requiring
development
homozygous
fertile
lines
and
CMS
1
.
Although
doubled
haploid
(DH)
technology
has
been
developed
for
several
to
rapidly
generate
2,3
,
are
generally
created
by
multiple
rounds
backcrossing,
which
is
time
consuming
expensive
4
Here
we
describe
method
generating
both
through
vivo
paternal
induction
(HI).
We
generated
in-frame
deletion
restored
frameshift
mutants
BoCENH3
Brassica
oleracea
using
CRISPR/Cas9
system.
The
induced
haploids
outcrossing.
subsequently
HI
with
cytoplasm,
enabled
generation
one
step.
-based
system
provides
new
DH
accelerate
breeding
other
crops.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
241(2), С. 541 - 552
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023
Summary
Spontaneous
chromosomal
rearrangements
(CRs)
play
an
essential
role
in
speciation,
genome
evolution
and
crop
domestication.
To
be
able
to
use
the
potential
of
CRs
for
breeding,
plant
chromosome
engineering
was
initiated
by
fragmenting
chromosomes
X‐ray
irradiation.
With
rise
CRISPR/Cas
system,
it
became
possible
induce
double‐strand
breaks
(DSBs)
a
highly
efficient
manner
at
will
any
position.
This
has
enabled
completely
new
level
predesigned
engineering.
The
genetic
linkage
between
specific
genes
can
broken
inducing
translocations.
Natural
inversions,
which
suppress
exchange,
reverted
breeding.
In
addition,
various
approaches
constructing
minichromosomes
downsizing
regular
standard
A
or
supernumerary
B
chromosomes,
could
serve
as
future
vectors
biotechnology,
have
been
developed.
Recently,
functional
synthetic
centromere
constructed.
Also,
different
ways
haploidization
set
up,
some
based
on
manipulations.
future,
we
expect
see
even
more
complex
rearrangements,
combined
with
previously
developed
technologies
such
recombinases.
Chromosome
might
help
redefine
groups,
change
number
stack
beneficial
mini
cargo
up
isolation
avoid
outcrossing.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
241(5), С. 1936 - 1949
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024
Summary
In
planta
haploid
induction
(HI),
which
reduces
the
chromosome
number
in
progeny
after
fertilization,
has
garnered
increasing
attention
for
its
significant
potential
crop
breeding
and
genetic
research.
Despite
identification
of
several
natural
synthetic
HI
systems
different
plant
species,
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
these
remain
largely
unknown.
This
review
synthesizes
current
understanding
plants
(with
a
focus
on
genes
involved),
including
interactions
orchestrate
process.
As
most
can
function
across
taxonomic
boundaries,
we
particularly
discuss
evidence
conserved
These
include
involved
preserving
chromosomal
integrity,
centromere
function,
gamete
communication
and/or
fusion,
maintenance
karyogamy.
While
discoveries
advances
inducer
have
arisen
over
past
decades,
underscore
gaps
deliberate
directions
further
research
more
comprehensive
vivo
processes
plants.
The
high-frequency
induction
rate
of
haploid
is
crucial
for
double
(DH)
breeding.
combination
multiple
haploid-induced
genes,
such
as
ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD
and
ZmDMP,
can
synergistically
enhance
the
(HIR)
in
maize.
However,
potential
synergistic
effects
between
OsMATL
OsDMP
genes
rice
remain
unclear.
Knocking
out
both
HuaHang
No.48
(HH48)
Nipponbare
(NIP)
cultivars
resulted
reduced
seed
setting
(SSR)
(HI).
Notably,
this
study,
HI
capacity
knockout
mutants
indica
surpassed
that
japonica
mutants,
with
proton
active
site
third
exon
exhibiting
a
higher
HIR
compared
to
first
fourth
exons.
Furthermore,
when
OsDMP1
or
OsDMP3
was
combined
OsMATL,
they
increased
HIR,
an
antagonistic
relationship
observed
SSR
HH48
matl4dmp1
matl4dmp3.
In
rice,
exhibited
efficiency,
exerted
effect
OsMATL.
These
findings
provide
foundation
further
research
on
DH
breeding
rice.
Abstract
Recently,
the
siRNAs
pathways,
and
especially
reproductive
phasiRNAs,
have
attracted
attention
in
eudicots
since
their
biological
roles
are
still
unknown
biogenesis
took
different
evolutionary
pathways
compared
to
monocots.
In
this
work,
we
used
Coffea
arabica
L.,
a
recent
allotetraploid
formed
from
hybridization
of
canephora
C.
eugenioides
unreduced
gametes,
explore
microsporogenesis
small
RNAs‐related
eudicot
crop.
First,
identified
stages
during
anther
development
revealing
that
pre‐meiosis
occurs
anthers
1.5
mm
inside
floral
buds
(FBs),
whereas
meiosis
between
4.2
FBs,
post‐meiosis
FBs
larger
than
mm.
These
coincide
with
Brazilian
winter,
period
reduced
growth
which
suggests
temperature
sensitivity.
Next,
quantified
expression
21‐
24‐nt
phasiRNAs
coffee
together
canonical
novel
miRNA
triggers,
characterized
DCL
AGO
families.
Our
results
showed
pattern
phasiRNA
abundance
is
unique
among
described
trigger
car‐miR2275
involved
processing
both
phasiRNAs.
Fourteen
genes
were
identified,
but
DCL5,
related
biosynthesis
monocots,
was
not,
according
its
specificity
for
Thus,
our
work
explored
knowledge
gap
about
coffee,
contributing
control
improvement
fertility
eudicots.
Seed Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
2(1), С. 0 - 0
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Apomixis
in
plants
is
a
widely
existing
biological
phenomenon,
which
seeds
are
formed
without
egg
cell
and
sperm
uniting.
Hybrid
breeding
exploits
heterosis
to
obtain
with
superior
traits.
However,
segregation
of
traits
the
offspring
greatly
limits
widespread
use
hybrid
vigor
agricultural
production.
Synthetic
apomixis
considered
desired
way
clonal
propagation
heterozygous
maternal
parents,
bypasses
laborious
process.
In
recent
years,
increasing
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
plant
meiosis
double
fertilization,
scientists
have
introduced
rice
varieties
by
genetic
engineering
genes
that
involved
sexual
reproduction.
this
review
article,
we
will
summarize
research
progresses
fertilization
related
synthetic
provide
perspectives
on
potential
application
different
crops
livestock
pastures.
Heat
stress
is
a
major
threat
to
global
crop
production,
and
understanding
its
impact
on
plant
fertility
crucial
for
developing
climate-resilient
crops.
Despite
the
known
negative
effects
of
heat
reproduction,
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
investigated
elevated
temperature
centromere
structure
chromosome
segregation
during
meiosis
in
Arabidopsis
thaliana
.
Consistent
with
previous
studies,
leads
decline
micronuclei
formation
pollen
mother
cells.
Our
results
reveal
that
causes
decrease
amount
centromeric
histone
kinetochore
protein
BMF1
at
meiotic
centromeres
increasing
temperature.
Furthermore,
show
increases
duration
divisions
prolongs
activity
spindle
assembly
checkpoint
I,
indicating
an
impaired
efficiency
attachments
microtubules.
analysis
mutants
reduced
levels
suggests
weakened
sensitize
plants
temperature,
resulting
defects
even
moderate
temperatures.
These
indicate
functionality
are
highly
sensitive
stress,
suggest
kinetochores
may
represent
critical
bottleneck
adaptation
Heat
stress
is
a
major
threat
to
global
crop
production,
and
understanding
its
impact
on
plant
fertility
crucial
for
developing
climate-resilient
crops.
Despite
the
known
negative
effects
of
heat
reproduction,
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
investigated
elevated
temperature
centromere
structure
chromosome
segregation
during
meiosis
in
Arabidopsis
thaliana
.
Consistent
with
previous
studies,
leads
decline
micronuclei
formation
pollen
mother
cells.
Our
results
reveal
that
causes
decrease
amount
centromeric
histone
kinetochore
protein
BMF1
at
meiotic
centromeres
increasing
temperature.
Furthermore,
show
increases
duration
divisions
prolongs
activity
spindle
assembly
checkpoint
I,
indicating
an
impaired
efficiency
attachments
microtubules.
analysis
mutants
reduced
levels
suggests
weakened
sensitize
plants
temperature,
resulting
defects
even
moderate
temperatures.
These
indicate
functionality
are
highly
sensitive
stress,
suggest
kinetochores
may
represent
critical
bottleneck
adaptation
