The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(1), С. 55 - 71

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Management ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(9), С. 1724 - 1762

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022

Helicobacter pylori Infection is formally recognised as an infectious disease, entity that now included in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. This principle leads to recommendation all infected patients should receive treatment. In context wide clinical spectrum associated with gastritis, specific issues persist and require regular updates for optimised management. The identification distinct scenarios, proper testing adoption effective strategies prevention gastric cancer other complications are addressed. H. treatment challenged by continuously rising antibiotic resistance demands susceptibility consideration novel molecular technologies careful selection first line rescue therapies. role therapies their impact on gut microbiota also considered. Progress made management infection covered present sixth edition Maastricht/Florence 2021 Consensus Report, key aspects related were re-evaluated updated. Forty-one experts from 29 countries representing a global community, examined new data five working groups: (1) indications/associations, (2) diagnosis, (3) treatment, (4) prevention/gastric (5) microbiota. results individual groups presented final consensus voting participants. Recommendations provided basis best available evidence relevance various fields.

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotics as Major Disruptors of Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2020

Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased understanding of the gut microbiota and role it plays health disease. The intestine is populated by a complex microbial community that organized around network metabolic interdependencies. It now understood vital for normal development functioning human body, especially priming maturation adaptive immune system. Antibiotic use can several negative effects on microbiota, including reduced species diversity, altered activity, selection antibiotic-resistant organisms, which turn lead antibiotic-associated diarrhea recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. There also evidence early childhood exposure antibiotics gastrointestinal, immunologic, neurocognitive conditions. increase recent years suggests these problems are likely become more acute or prevalent future. Continued into structure function required address this challenge.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health

Gut, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(3), С. 595 - 605

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2020

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype environmental factors, such as diet antibiotics. In this review, we focus stability resilience essential ecological characteristics the its relevance for health. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe–microbe host–microbe interactions seem to be critical maintaining resilience. equilibrium ecosystem can disrupted perturbations, antibiotic therapy, causing significant decreases in richness diversity well impacting As consequence, unbalanced states or even unhealthy stable develop, potentially leading supporting diseases. Accordingly, strategies have been developed manipulate order prevent revert caused including faecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with probiotics non-digestible carbohydrates, more extensive dietary modifications. Nevertheless, an increasing number studies has evidenced interindividual variability extent direction response which attributed unique each individual’s microbiome. From clinical, translational perspective, ability improve prior restore afterwards, would offer benefits. To effective, therapeutic approach will likely need personalised subgroup-based understanding individual genetics, diet, other factors that might involved.

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota in the First Decade of Life

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 27(12), С. 997 - 1010

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2019

Appreciation of the importance gut microbiome is growing, and it becoming increasingly relevant to identify preventive or therapeutic solutions targeting it. The composition function microbiota are relatively well described for infants (less than 3 years) adults, but have been largely overlooked in pre-school (3-6 primary school-age (6-12 children, as teenagers (12-18 years). Early reports suggested that infant would attain an adult-like structure at age years, recent studies development may take longer. This time key because there evidence suggest deviations this consequences later life. In review, we provide overview current knowledge concerning microbiota, its evolution, variation, response dietary challenges during first decade life with a focus on healthy children (up 12 from various populations around globe. should facilitate identification diet-based approaches individuals group, promote

Язык: Английский

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Host variables confound gut microbiota studies of human disease

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 587(7834), С. 448 - 454

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 546, С. 111572 - 111572

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Innovative and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(5), С. 299 - 311

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Unravelling the collateral damage of antibiotics on gut bacteria

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 599(7883), С. 120 - 124

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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