Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1938 - 1938
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Type
2
diabetes
is
a
disease
with
significant
health
consequences
for
the
individual.
Currently,
new
mechanisms
and
therapeutic
approaches
that
may
affect
this
are
being
sought.
One
of
them
association
type
microbiota.
Through
enteric
nervous
system
gut–microbiota
axis,
microbiota
affects
functioning
body.
It
has
been
proven
to
have
real
impact
on
influencing
glucose
lipid
metabolism
insulin
sensitivity.
With
dysbiosis,
there
increased
bacterial
translocation
through
disrupted
intestinal
barrier
inflammation
in
In
diabetes,
microbiota’s
composition
altered
with,
example,
more
abundant
class
Betaproteobacteria.
The
these
disorders
linked
involving
short-chain
fatty
acids,
branched-chain
amino
lipopolysaccharide,
among
others.
Interventions
focusing
gut
gaining
traction
as
promising
approach
management.
Studies
currently
conducted
effects
supply
probiotics
prebiotics,
well
fecal
transplantation,
course
diabetes.
Further
research
will
allow
us
fully
develop
our
knowledge
subject
possibly
best
treat
prevent
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(4), С. 222 - 247
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024
Crosstalk
between
gut
and
brain
has
long
been
appreciated
in
health
disease,
the
microbiota
is
a
key
player
communication
these
two
distant
organs.
Yet,
mechanisms
through
which
influences
development
function
of
gut–brain
axis
remain
largely
unknown.
Barriers
present
are
specialized
cellular
interfaces
that
maintain
strict
homeostasis
different
compartments
across
this
axis.
These
barriers
include
epithelial
barrier,
blood–brain
barrier
blood–cerebrospinal
fluid
barrier.
ideally
positioned
to
receive
communicate
microbial
signals
constituting
gateway
for
gut–microbiota–brain
communication.
In
Review,
we
focus
on
how
modulation
by
can
constitute
an
important
channel
Moreover,
malfunction
upon
alterations
composition
could
form
basis
various
conditions,
including
often
comorbid
neurological
gastrointestinal
disorders.
Thus,
should
unravelling
molecular
move
from
simplistic
framing
as
'leaky
gut'.
A
mechanistic
understanding
barriers,
especially
during
critical
windows
development,
be
aetiology
The
modulator
This
Review
provides
overview
examines
role
disease.
Cell Reports Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(4), С. 101478 - 101478
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Immunotherapy
has
emerged
as
a
robust
approach
against
cancer,
yet
its
efficacy
varied
among
individuals,
accompanied
by
the
occurrence
of
immune-related
adverse
events.
As
result,
immunotherapy
is
far
from
satisfactory,
and
enormous
efforts
have
been
invested
to
develop
strategies
improve
patient
outcomes.
The
gut
microbiome
now
well
acknowledged
for
critical
role
in
immunotherapy,
with
better
understanding
on
host-microbes
interaction
context
cancer
treatment.
Also,
an
increasing
number
trials
conducted
evaluate
potential
feasibility
microbiome-targeting
approaches
enhance
treatment
patients.
Here,
metabolites
(e.g.,
short-chain
fatty
acids,
tryptophan
metabolites)
underlying
mechanisms
are
explored.
application
that
aim
fecal
microbiota
transplantation,
probiotics,
dietary
intervention)
also
elaborated,
further
discussion
current
challenges
suggestions
future
research.
Many
species,
including
humans,
host
communities
of
symbiotic
microbes.
There
is
a
vast
literature
on
the
ways
these
microbiomes
affect
hosts,
but
here
we
argue
for
an
increased
focus
how
hosts
their
microbiomes.
Hosts
exert
control
over
symbionts
through
diverse
mechanisms,
immunity,
barrier
function,
physiological
homeostasis,
and
transit.
These
mechanisms
enable
to
shape
ecology
evolution
generate
natural
selection
microbial
traits
that
benefit
host.
Our
result
from
perpetual
tension
between
symbiont
evolution,
can
leverage
host's
evolved
abilities
regulate
microbiota
prevent
treat
disease.
The
study
will
be
central
our
ability
both
understand
manipulate
microbiotas
better
health.
Single-cell
decisions
made
in
complex
environments
underlie
many
bacterial
phenomena.
Image-based
transcriptomics
approaches
offer
an
avenue
to
study
such
behaviors,
yet
these
have
been
hindered
by
the
massive
density
of
messenger
RNA.
To
overcome
this
challenge,
we
combined
1000-fold
volumetric
expansion
with
multiplexed
error-robust
fluorescence
situ
hybridization
(MERFISH)
create
bacterial-MERFISH.
This
method
enables
high-throughput,
spatially
resolved
profiling
thousands
operons
within
individual
bacteria.
Using
bacterial-MERFISH,
dissected
response
Escherichia
coli
carbon
starvation,
systematically
mapped
subcellular
RNA
organization,
and
charted
adaptation
a
gut
commensal
Bacteroides
thetaiotaomicron
micrometer-scale
niches
mammalian
colon.
We
envision
that
bacterial-MERFISH
will
be
broadly
applicable
single-cell
heterogeneity
diverse,
structured,
native
environments.
Abstract
Background
Bisphenol
A
(BPA)
is
an
environmental
contaminant
with
endocrine-disrupting
properties
that
induce
fetal
growth
restriction
(FGR).
Previous
studies
on
pregnant
ewes
revealed
BPA
exposure
causes
placental
apoptosis
and
oxidative
stress
(OS)
decreases
efficiency,
consequently
leading
to
FGR.
Nonetheless,
the
response
of
gut
microbiota
its
role
in
aggravating
BPA-mediated
apoptosis,
autophagy,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ERS),
OS
maternal
placenta
intestine
are
unclear
ovine
model
gestation.
Results
Two
ewe
groups
(
n
=
8/group)
were
given
either
a
subcutaneous
(sc)
injection
corn
oil
(CON
group)
or
(5
mg/kg/day)
dissolved
(BPA
once
daily,
from
day
40
110
The
colonic
digesta
ileum
tissue
samples
collected
measure
biomarkers
ERS,
OS.
To
investigate
link
between
BPA-induced
FGR
ewes,
transplantation
(GMT)
was
conducted
two
mice
10/group)
0
18
gestation
after
removing
their
intestinal
by
antibiotics.
results
indicated
aggravates
ERS
function
injury
ileum,
dysbiosis
ewes.
GMT
attributed
resulting
exposure.
Conclusions
Our
findings
indicate
underlying
gut-placental
axis
behind
OS,
further
provide
novel
insights
into
modulating
balance
through
medication
probiotics,
functioning
via
axis,
alleviate
gut-derived
impairment
