Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 618(7963), С. 126 - 133

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

A spinal cord injury interrupts the communication between brain and region of that produces walking, leading to paralysis1,2. Here, we restored this with a digital bridge enabled an individual chronic tetraplegia stand walk naturally in community settings. This brain-spine interface (BSI) consists fully implanted recording stimulation systems establish direct link cortical signals3 analogue modulation epidural electrical targeting regions involved production walking4-6. highly reliable BSI is calibrated within few minutes. reliability has remained stable over one year, including during independent use at home. The participant reports enables natural control movements his legs stand, walk, climb stairs even traverse complex terrains. Moreover, neurorehabilitation supported by improved neurological recovery. regained ability crutches overground when was switched off. establishes framework restore movement after paralysis.

Язык: Английский

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A cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord

Neuron, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 111(3), С. 328 - 344.e7

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

The mammalian spinal cord functions as a community of cell types for sensory processing, autonomic control, and movement. While animal models have advanced our understanding cellular diversity, characterizing human biology directly is important to uncover specialized features basic function pathology. Here, we present taxonomy the adult using single-nucleus RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics antibody validation. We identified 29 glial clusters 35 neuronal clusters, organized principally by anatomical location. To demonstrate relevance this resource disease, analyzed motoneurons, which degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) other diseases. found that compared neurons, motoneurons are defined genes related size, cytoskeletal structure, ALS, suggesting molecular repertoire underlying their selective vulnerability. include web facilitate further investigations into biology.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial transcriptomics: Technologies, applications and experimental considerations

Genomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 115(5), С. 110671 - 110671

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

The diverse cell types of an organ have a highly structured organization to enable their efficient and correct function. To fully appreciate gene functions in given type, one needs understand how much, when where the is expressed. Classic bulk RNA sequencing popular single destroy structural fail provide spatial information. However, location expression or complex tissue provides key clues comprehend neighboring genes cells cross talk, transduce signals work together as team complete job. functional requirement for content has been driving force rapid development transcriptomics technologies past few years. Here, we present overview current with special focus on commercially available currently being commercialized technologies, highlight applications by category discuss experimental considerations first experiment.

Язык: Английский

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Spatially resolved transcriptomics: a comprehensive review of their technological advances, applications, and challenges

Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(9), С. 625 - 640

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

The ability to explore life kingdoms is largely driven by innovations and breakthroughs in technology, from the invention of microscope 350 years ago recent emergence single-cell sequencing, which scientific community has been able visualize at an unprecedented resolution. Most recently, Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics (SRT) technologies have filled gap probing spatial or even three-dimensional organization molecular foundation behind mysteries life, including origin different cellular populations developed totipotent cells human diseases. In this review, we introduce progress challenges on SRT perspectives bioinformatic tools, as well representative applications. With currently fast-moving promising results early adopted research projects, can foresee bright future such new tools understanding most profound analytical level.

Язык: Английский

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Current Advancements in Spinal Cord Injury Research—Glial Scar Formation and Neural Regeneration

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(6), С. 853 - 853

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex tissue resulting in permanent and degenerating damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Detrimental cellular processes occur after SCI, including axonal degeneration, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, reactive gliosis, scar formation. The glial border forms segregate neural lesion isolate spreading inflammation, oxygen species, excitotoxicity at epicenter preserve surrounding healthy tissue. physicochemical barrier composed of elongated astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia secreting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, collogen, dense extra-cellular matrix. While this physiological response preserves viable tissue, it also detrimental regeneration. To overcome negative outcomes associated with formation, therapeutic strategies have been developed: prevention resolution developed scar, cell transplantation into lesion, endogenous reprogramming. This review focuses on cellular/molecular aspects discusses advantages disadvantages promote regeneration SCI.

Язык: Английский

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Recovery of walking after paralysis by regenerating characterized neurons to their natural target region

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(6664), С. 1338 - 1345

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023

Axon regeneration can be induced across anatomically complete spinal cord injury (SCI), but robust functional restoration has been elusive. Whether restoring neurological functions requires directed of axons from specific neuronal subpopulations to their natural target regions remains unclear. To address this question, we applied projection-specific and comparative single-nucleus RNA sequencing identify that restore walking after incomplete SCI. We show chemoattracting guiding the transected these neurons region led substantial recovery SCI in mice, whereas simply lesion had no effect. Thus, reestablishing projections characterized forms an essential part axon strategies aimed at lost functions.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroprosthetics: from sensorimotor to cognitive disorders

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

Abstract Neuroprosthetics is a multidisciplinary field at the interface between neurosciences and biomedical engineering, which aims replacing or modulating parts of nervous system that get disrupted in neurological disorders after injury. Although neuroprostheses have steadily evolved over past 60 years sensory motor disorders, their application to higher-order cognitive functions still relatively preliminary stage. Nevertheless, recent series proof-of-concept studies suggest electrical neuromodulation strategies might also be useful alleviating some memory deficits, particular context dementia. Here, we review evolution neuroprosthetics from sensorimotor highlighting important common principles such as need for neuroprosthetic systems enable multisite bidirectional interactions with system.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges and Opportunities of Implantable Neural Interfaces: From Material, Electrochemical and Biological Perspectives

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(32)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

Abstract The desirable implantable neural interfaces can accurately record bioelectrical signals from neurons and regulate activities with high spatial/time resolution, facilitating the understanding of neuronal functions dynamics. However, electrochemical performance (impedance, charge storage/injection capacity) is limited miniaturization integration electrodes. “crosstalk” caused by uneven distribution elctric field leads to lower electrical stimulation/recording efficiency. mismatch between stiff electrodes soft tissues exacerbates inflammatory responses, thus weakening transmission signals. Though remarkable breakthroughs have been made through incorporation optimizing electrode design functionalized nanomaterials, chronic stability, long‐term activity in vivo still need further development. In this review, interface challenges mainly on electrochemistry biology are discussed, followed summarizing typical optimization technologies exploring recent advances application based traditional metallic materials, emerging 2D conducting polymer hydrogels, etc., for enhancing interfaces. strategies improving durability including enhanced adhesion minimized response, also summarized. promising directions finally presented provide enlightenment high‐performance future, which will promote profound progress neuroscience research.

Язык: Английский

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A spinal cord neuroprosthesis for locomotor deficits due to Parkinson’s disease

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(11), С. 2854 - 2865

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Robust and Multifunctional Nanoparticles Assembled from Natural Polyphenols and Metformin for Efficient Spinal Cord Regeneration

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(18), С. 18562 - 18575

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023

The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unsatisfactory owing to the complex pathophysiological microenvironments at site and limited regenerative potential central nervous system. Metformin has been proven in clinical animal experiments repair damaged structures functions by promoting endogenous neurogenesis. However, early stage acute SCI, adverse microenvironment sites, such as reactive oxygen species inflammatory factor storm, can prevent activation neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation NSCs into neurons, decreasing whole effect. To address those issues, a series robust multifunctional natural polyphenol-metformin nanoparticles (polyphenol-Met NPs) were fabricated with pH-responsiveness excellent antioxidative capacities. resulting NPs possessed several favorable advantages: First, composed active ingredients different biological properties, without need for carriers; second, feature could allow targeted drug delivery injured site; more importantly, enabled drugs performances exhibit strong synergistic effects. results demonstrated that improved polyphenols boosted activated neurons oligodendrocytes, which efficiently nerve enhance functional recovery SCI rats. This work highlighted design fabrication via efficient microenvironmental regulation activation.

Язык: Английский

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