Gut–liver axis: barriers and functional circuits

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(7), С. 447 - 461

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The oral microbiome: diversity, biogeography and human health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(2), С. 89 - 104

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Major data analysis errors invalidate cancer microbiome findings

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(5)

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

Recent reports showing that human cancers have a distinctive microbiome led to flurry of papers describing microbial signatures different cancer types. Many these are based on flawed data that, upon re-analysis, completely overturns the original findings. The re-analysis conducted here shows most microbes originally reported as associated with were not present at all in samples. report and more than dozen follow-up studies are, therefore, likely be invalid.

Язык: Английский

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Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota–gut–brain axis

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(4), С. 222 - 247

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health disease, the microbiota is a key player communication these two distant organs. Yet, mechanisms through which influences development function of gut–brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis different compartments across this axis. These barriers include epithelial barrier, blood–brain barrier blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. ideally positioned to receive communicate microbial signals constituting gateway for gut–microbiota–brain communication. In Review, we focus on how modulation by can constitute an important channel Moreover, malfunction upon alterations composition could form basis various conditions, including often comorbid neurological gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, should unravelling molecular move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding barriers, especially during critical windows development, be aetiology The modulator This Review provides overview examines role disease.

Язык: Английский

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The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1), С. 35 - 45

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Utilization of the microbiome in personalized medicine

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(5), С. 291 - 308

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

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What defines a healthy gut microbiome?

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(11), С. 1893 - 1908

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred such as first next generation probiotics, prebiotics postbiotics, microbiota editing faecal transplantation. Central research is how disease impacts vice versa, yet there a problematic issue with term 'dysbiosis', which broadly links microbial imbalances various illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant discussions defining 'healthy individuals' ascertain what characterises healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents healthiest segment our population-whether it those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise good nutrition even elderly adults centenarians have been tested by time achieved remarkable longevity.This review advocates for delineating 'what defines microbiome?' considering broader range factors related health environmental influences on microbiota. A undoubtedly linked gut health. Nevertheless, very difficult pinpoint universally accepted definition 'gut health' due complexities measuring functionality besides composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, diet, lifestyle, host factors. Moreover, challenge distinguishing causation correlation between overall presented.The also highlights resource-heavy nature comprehensive assessments, hinders their practicality broad application. Finally, we call continued nuanced approach better understand intricate evolving concept health, emphasising need more precise inclusive definitions methodologies studying

Язык: Английский

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Paternal and induced gut microbiota seeding complement mother-to-infant transmission

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(6), С. 1011 - 1024.e4

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Microbial colonization of the neonatal gut involves maternal seeding, which is partially disrupted in cesarean-born infants and after intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. However, other physically close individuals could complement such seeding. To assess role both parents induced we analyzed two longitudinal metagenomic datasets (health early life microbiota [HELMi]: N = 74 infants, 398 samples, SECFLOR: 7 35 samples) with who received fecal transplantation (FMT). We found that father constitutes a stable source strains for infant independently delivery mode, cumulative contribution becoming comparable to mother 1 year. Maternal FMT increased mother-infant strain sharing raising average bacterial empirical growth rate while reducing pathogen colonization. Overall, our results indicate seeding partly complemented by support potential restore deviations this process.

Язык: Английский

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The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1901)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Millions of years co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped diversified the nature relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers complexity in host–microbe interactions, fate which depends on a variety different factors, ranging from neutral processes environmental factors local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics mathematical modelling disentangle individual contribution ecological microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host are known be among dominant drivers composition animal species. However, extent they shape assembly evolution remains unclear. In review, we summarize our understanding how drive these dynamics conserved vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research highlight need implementation modifications existing theory fully capture host-associated microbiomes. This article part theme issue ‘Sculpting microbiome: determine respond colonization’.

Язык: Английский

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Human Milk Microbiome—A Review of Scientific Reports

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(10), С. 1420 - 1420

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

One of the most important bioactive components breast milk are free oligosaccharides, which a source energy for commensal intestinal microorganisms, stimulating growth Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides in child’s digestive tract. There is some evidence that maternal, perinatal, environmental-cultural factors influence modulation microbiome. This review summarizes research has examined composition microbiome may it. The manuscript highlights potential importance future development health children. origin bacteria thought to include mother’s tract (entero-mammary tract), bacterial exposure during breastfeeding, retrograde flow from infant’s mouth woman’s ducts. Unfortunately, despite increasingly more precise methods assessing microorganisms human milk, topic still quite limited requires scientific takes into account various conditions.

Язык: Английский

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