Photocatalytic systems: reactions, mechanism, and applications

RSC Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(29), С. 20609 - 20645

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The photocatalytic field revolves around the utilization of photon energy to initiate various chemical reactions using non-adsorbing substrates, through processes such as single electron transfer, or atom transfer.

Язык: Английский

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Photoelectrochemical Asymmetric Catalysis Enables Enantioselective Heteroarylcyanation of Alkenes via C–H Functionalization

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 145(34), С. 18753 - 18759

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2023

The asymmetric difunctionalization of alkenes, a method transforming readily accessible alkenes into enantioenriched chiral structures high value, has long been focal point organic synthesis. Despite tremendous efforts in this domain, it remains considerable challenge to devise enantioselective oxidative dicarbofunctionalization even though these transformations can utilize stable and unfunctionalized functional group donors. In context, we report herein photoelectrocatalytic for the heteroarylcyanation aryl which employs heteroarenes through C-H functionalization. photoelectrochemical catalysis (PEAC) combines photoredox electrocatalysis facilitate formation two C-C bonds operating via hydrogen (H2) evolution obviating need external chemical oxidants.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Photoelectrocatalysis for Radical Reactions

Accounts of Chemical Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

ConspectusMolecular photoelectrocatalysis, which combines the merits of photocatalysis and organic electrosynthesis, including their green attributes capacity to offer novel reactivity selectivity, represents an emerging field in chemistry that addresses growing demands for environmental sustainability synthetic efficiency. This synergistic approach permits access a wider range redox potentials, facilitates transformations under gentler electrode decreases use external harsh reagents. Despite these potential advantages, this area did not receive significant attention until 2019, when we others reported first examples modern molecular photoelectrocatalysis. These studies showcased immense hybrid strategy, only inherits strengths its parent fields but also unlocks unprecedented enabling challenging mild conditions while minimizing reliance on stoichiometric oxidants or reductants.In Account, present our efforts develop photoelectrocatalytic strategies leverage homogeneous catalysts facilitate diverse radical reactions. By integrating electrocatalysis with key photoinduced processes such as single electron transfer (SET), ligand-to-metal charge (LMCT), hydrogen atom (HAT), have established methods transform substrates organotrifluoroborates, arenes, carboxylic acids, alkanes into reactive intermediates. intermediates subsequently engage heteroarene C-H functionalization Importantly, photoelectrochemical catalysts, generated bulk solution readily participate efficient reactions without undergoing further overoxidation carbocations, common challenge conventional electrochemical systems.By integration photoelectrocatalysis asymmetric catalysis, developed catalysis (PEAC), proves be enantioselective synthesis chiral nitriles. involves two relay catalytic cycles: initial process engenders benzylic radicals from precursors alkyl aryl alkenes, C-radicals are then subjected cyanation subsequent copper-electrocatalytic cycle.Within realm oxidative transformations, anode serves crucial component recycling generating photocatalyst, cathode promotes proton reduction. dual functionality enables via H

Язык: Английский

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Photochemistry in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(6), С. 4322 - 4345

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

Photochemistry has emerged as a transformative force in organic chemistry, significantly expanding the chemical space accessible for medicinal chemistry. Light-induced reactions enable efficient synthesis of intricate structures and have found applications throughout different stages drug discovery development processes. Moreover, photochemical techniques provide innovative solutions biology, allowing precise spatiotemporal activation targeted delivery. In this Perspective, we highlight already numerous remarkable even more promising future photochemistry chemistry biology.

Язык: Английский

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Photoredox streamlines electrocatalysis: photoelectrosynthesis of polycyclic pyrimidin-4-ones through carbocyclization of unactivated alkenes with malonates

Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(7), С. 4199 - 4208

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A new photoelectrocatalytic mode permits the synthesis of polycyclic pyrimidin-4-ones through dehydrogenative cyclization malonates with unactivated alkenes.

Язык: Английский

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Unleashing the potentiality of metals: synergistic catalysis with light and electricity

Organic Chemistry Frontiers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(14), С. 4024 - 4040

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of metal catalysis in photo-electrochemical systems, discussing reaction mechanisms and offering prospects for this triadic catalytic mode.

Язык: Английский

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Electrophotocatalysis for Organic Synthesis

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(21), С. 12264 - 12304

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2024

Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis have been the focus of extensive research efforts in organic synthesis recent decades, these powerful strategies provided a wealth new methods to construct complex molecules. Despite intense efforts, only recently has there significant on combined use two modalities. Nevertheless, past five years witnessed rapidly growing interest area electrophotocatalysis. This hybrid strategy capitalizes enormous benefits using photons as reagents while also employing an electric potential convenient tunable source or sink electrons. Research this topic led number for C-H functionalization, reductive cross-coupling, olefin addition among others. field seen broad range catalyst types, including both metal organocatalysts. Of particular note work with open-shell photocatalysts, which tend comparatively large redox potentials. Electrochemistry provides means generate such species, making electrophotocatalysis particularly amenable intriguing class catalyst. review surveys applied synthesis, organized broadly into oxidative, reductive, neutral transformations.

Язык: Английский

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Photoelectrocatalytic C–H amination of arenes

Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(20), С. 7959 - 7962

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Reported herein is an organocatalyzed photoelectrochemical C(aryl)–H amination reaction for direct access to anilides from easily available and stable arenes carbamates without the need sacrificial oxidants.

Язык: Английский

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Self‐ or Acridinium‐Catalyzed Electrophotosynthesis of Thiocyanato Heterocycles from Activated Alkenes

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 366(10), С. 2352 - 2362

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Abstract While the emergence of electrophotochemistry provides opportunities, such a chemistry at this stage suffers from limited reaction types and high photocatalyst loadings. A self‐catalyzed electrophotosynthesis as well one with low loading is presented. These external‐oxidant‐free cyclizations are enabling applicable to range activated alkenes, affording diverse array thiocyanato heterocycles including 4‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones, isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones, indolo[2,1‐ ]isoquinolin‐6(5 H )‐ones, benzoimidazo[2,1‐ )‐ones indolin‐2‐ones, protocols amenable late‐stage diversification complex molecular architectures gram‐scale syntheses. Sunlight could serve light source, be conducted in an all‐solar‐driven mode using commercially available photovoltaic panel produce electricity.

Язык: Английский

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Photo‐/Electrocatalytic Difunctionalization of Alkenes Enabled by C‐H Radical Functionalization

Chemistry - A European Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(62)

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2024

The difunctionalization of alkenes represents a powerful tool to incorporate two functional groups into the alkene bones for increasing molecular complexity and has been widely utilizations in chemical synthesis. Upon catalysis green, sustainable, mild photo-/electrochemistry technologies, much attentions have attracted development new tactics transformations important alkane feedstocks driven by C-H radical functionalization. Herein, we summarize recent advances photo-/electrocatalytic enabled We detailedly discuss substrate scope mechanisms reactions selecting impressive synthetic examples, which are divided four sections based on final terminated step, including oxidative radical-polar crossover coupling, reductive radical-radical transition-metal-catalyzed coupling.

Язык: Английский

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