Molecular Insights into Plant–Microbe Interactions: A Comprehensive Review of Key Mechanisms

Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

In most ecosystems, plants establish complex symbiotic relationships with organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which significantly influence their health by promoting or inhibiting growth. These involve biochemical exchanges at the cellular level that affect plant physiology have evolutionary implications, species diversification, horizontal gene transfer, symbiosis mutualism, environmental adaptation, positive impacts on community structure biodiversity. For these reasons, contemporary research, moving beyond observational studies, seeks to elucidate molecular basis of interactions; however, gaps in knowledge remain. This is particularly noticeable understanding how distinguish between beneficial antagonistic microorganisms. light above, this literature review aims address some exploring key mechanisms common interspecies relationships. Thus, our study presents novel insights into archetypes, focusing antibiosis process microbial signaling, including chemotaxis quorum sensing. Additionally, it examined endophytism, pre-mRNA splicing, transcriptional plasticity, highlighting roles transcription factors epigenetic regulation functions interacting organisms. findings emphasize importance confluences natural environments, are crucial for future theoretical practical applications, improving nutrition, protecting against pathogens, developing transgenic crops, sustainable agriculture, researching disease mechanisms. It was concluded because characteristics various biomolecules involved biological interactions, there interconnected networks nature give rise different ecological scaffolds. integrate a myriad functionally organic units belong kingdoms. interweaving underscores complexity multidisciplinary integration required understand plant–microbe interactions level. Regarding limitations inherent study, recognized researchers face significant obstacles. include technical difficulties experimentation fieldwork, well arduous task consolidating summarizing academic articles. Challenges range from dynamics unbiased objective interpretation diverse ever-changing literature.

Язык: Английский

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Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe ), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have tremendous impact worldwide particularly rice wheat, where the emerged in South America 1980s, before spreading to Asia Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability molecular genetic manipulation, inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding biology evolution. In past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has model plant–microbe interactions. review, we focus clarification taxonomy structure species host range determinants. We also discuss recent studies deciphering lifecycle. Taxonomy Kingdom: Fungi , phylum: Ascomycota sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina class: Sordariomycetes order: Magnaporthales family: Pyriculariaceae genus: Pyricularia. Host P. ability infect Poaceae . It structured into different host‐specialized lineages are each associated few plant genera. The best known cause damage but it can attack other economically important crops such maize, barley, finger millet. Disease symptoms necrotic lesions or bleaching all aerial parts plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, inflorescences (panicles, spikes, seeds). Characteristic leaves diamond‐shaped silver often brown margin whose appearance influenced by numerous factors genotype environmental conditions. USEFUL WEBSITES Resources URL Genomic data repositories http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ http://openriceblast.org/ http://openwheatblast.net/ Genome browser for fungi (including ) http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html Comparative genomics database https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T‐DNA mutant http://atmt.snu.kr/ http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP expression https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/

Язык: Английский

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Live cell imaging of plant infection provides new insight into the biology of pathogenesis by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Journal of Microscopy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Abstract Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast, one most serious diseases affecting cultivation around world. During plant infection, M. forms a specialised infection structure called an appressorium. The appressorium in response to hydrophobic leaf surface and relies on multiple signalling pathways, including MAP kinase phosphorelay cAMP‐dependent signalling, integrated with cell cycle control autophagic death conidium. Together, these pathways regulate morphogenesis.The generates enormous turgor, applied as mechanical force breach cuticle. Re‐polarisation requires turgor‐dependent sensor which senses when critical threshold turgor has been reached initiate septin‐dependent re‐polarisation infection. Invasive growth then differential expression secretion large repertoire effector proteins secreted by distinct secretory depending their destination, also governed codon usage tRNA thiolation. Cytoplasmic effectors require unconventional Golgi‐independent pathway evidence suggests that clathrin‐mediated endocytosis necessary for delivery into cells. blast fungus develops transpressorium, specific invasion used move from cell‐to‐cell using pit field sites containing plasmodesmata, facilitate its spread tissue. This controlled same development hyphal constriction. Recent progress understanding mechanisms this devastating pathogen live imaging procedures are presented.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptive evolution in virulence effectors of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(9), С. e1011294 - e1011294

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Plant pathogens secrete proteins called effectors that target host cellular processes to promote disease. Recently, structural genomics has identified several families of fungal share a similar three-dimensional structure despite remarkably variable amino-acid sequences and surface properties. To explore the selective forces underlie sequence variability structurally-analogous effectors, we focused on MAX family are major determinants virulence in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae . Using structure-informed gene annotation, 58 78 effector genes per genome set 120 isolates representing seven host-associated lineages. The expression was primarily restricted early biotrophic phase infection strongly influenced by plant. Pangenome analyses demonstrated extensive presence/absence polymorphism loss events possibly involved range adaptation. However, knock-in experiments did not reveal strong effect phenotypes suggesting other evolutionary mechanisms main drivers losses. displayed high levels standing variation rates non-synonymous substitutions, pointing widespread positive selection shaping molecular diversity effectors. combination these with data revealed acts mostly residues located particular elements at specific positions. By providing comprehensive catalog amino acid polymorphism, identifying diversity, our work will inform future studies aimed elucidating function mode action

Язык: Английский

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Biocontrol potential of Bacillus spp. for resilient and sustainable agricultural systems

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128, С. 102173 - 102173

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Early molecular events in the interaction between Magnaporthe oryzae and rice

Phytopathology Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Abstract Rice is a staple crop feeding more than 50% of the world’s population and, its sustainable production crucial to global food security. However, blast disease caused by filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph: Pyricularia ) threatens rice as it can reduce grain yields over 30% in epidemic years. Therefore, deciphering molecular mechanisms M. -rice interaction and mechanism that how overcomes defense for developing new strategies make green fungicides disease-resistant varieties. This review provides comprehensive overview latest advances understanding which perceives host surface signals subsequently develops specific infection structure called appressoria. In addition, delves into utilizes overcome immunity, turn allows colonize tissues. Finally, we propose perspectives dissecting pathogenesis controlling disease.

Язык: Английский

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Effector‐triggered susceptibility by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 241(3), С. 1007 - 1020

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2023

Summary Rice blast, the most destructive disease of cultivated rice world‐wide, is caused by filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . To cause in plants, M. secretes a diverse range effector proteins to suppress plant defense responses, modulate cellular processes, and support pathogen growth. Some effectors can be secreted appressoria even before host penetration, while others accumulate apoplast, or enter living cells where they target specific subcellular compartments. During infection, blast induces formation specialized structure known as biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which appears crucial for delivery into cells. Here, we review recent advances cell biology –host interactions show how new breakthroughs control have stemmed from an increased understanding are deployed delivered enable invasion susceptibility.

Язык: Английский

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The Devastating Rice Blast Airborne Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae—A Review on Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 379 - 379

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2023

Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating pathogenic fungi that affects a wide range cereal plants, especially rice. Rice blast disease causes substantial economic losses around globe. The M. genome was first sequenced at beginning this century and recently updated with improved annotation completeness. In review, key molecular findings on fungal development pathogenicity mechanisms are summarized, focusing fully characterized genes based mutant analysis. These include involved in various biological processes pathogen, such as vegetative growth, conidia development, appressoria formation penetration, pathogenicity. addition, our syntheses also highlight gaps current understanding virulence. We hope review will serve to improve comprehensive assist control strategy designs future.

Язык: Английский

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The SUbventral-Gland Regulator (SUGR-1) of nematode virulence

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(11)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Pathogens must precisely tailor their gene expression to cause infection. However, a signaling cascade from host signal effector production has remained elusive for metazoan pathogens. Here, we show that plants contain molecular signals, termed effectostimulins, activate the first identified regulator of plant-parasitic nematode effectors. SUGR-1 directly binds promoters, and is central transcriptional network activates 58 genes. Importantly, demonstrate downregulation sugr-1 inhibits parasitism, underlining as valuable target crop protection food security. This, in wider context nematodes parasites humans other animals, scope potentially broader impact: Disrupting could, principle, be applied any pathogen secrets

Язык: Английский

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The Phantom Menace: latest findings on effector biology in the rice blast fungus

aBIOTECH, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2), С. 140 - 154

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract Magnaporthe oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungus responsible for the economically devastating and recalcitrant rice blast disease. However, not only restricted to plants as it can also infect wheat, millet, other crops. Despite previous outstanding discoveries aimed understand control disease, remains one of most important pathogens that threatens global food security. To cause M. initiates morphological changes attach, penetrate, colonize cells, all while suppressing plant immune defenses would otherwise hinder its proliferation. As such, actively secretes battery small proteins called “effectors” manipulate host machinery. In this review, we summarize latest findings in effector identification, expression, regulation, functionality. We review studied effectors their roles pathogenesis. Additionally, discern current methodologies structurally catalog effectors, highlight importance climate change impact on future

Язык: Английский

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