Revised guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees)

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

The European Commission asked EFSA to revise the risk assessment for honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees. This guidance document describes how perform from plant protection products, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 1107/2009. It is a review of EFSA's existing document, which was published 2013. outlines tiered approach exposure estimation different scenarios tiers. includes hazard characterisation provides methodology covering dietary contact exposure. also recommendations higher tier studies, metabolites products as mixture.

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide use negatively affects bumble bees across European landscapes

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 628(8007), С. 355 - 358

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

Abstract Sustainable agriculture requires balancing crop yields with the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, such as bees and other pollinators. Field studies demonstrated that agricultural use neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect wild bee species 1,2 , leading to restrictions these compounds 3 . However, besides neonicotinoids, field-based evidence landscape pesticide exposure is lacking. Bees encounter many in landscapes 4–9 this colony growth development any remains unknown. Here we show found bumble bee-collected pollen are associated reduced performance during bloom, especially simplified intensive practices. Our results from 316 Bombus terrestris colonies at 106 sites across eight European countries confirm regulatory system fails sufficiently prevent pesticide-related impacts even for a eusocial pollinator which size may buffer against 10,11 These findings support need postapproval monitoring both process protective limiting collateral environmental damage use.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological traits interact with landscape context to determine bees’ pesticide risk

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(4), С. 547 - 556

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Widespread contamination of ecosystems with pesticides threatens non-target organisms. However, the extent to which life-history traits affect pesticide exposure and resulting risk in different landscape contexts remains poorly understood. We address this for bees across an agricultural land-use gradient based on assays pollen nectar collected by Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris Osmia bicornis, representing extensive, intermediate limited foraging traits. found that extensive foragers (A. mellifera) experienced highest risk-additive toxicity-weighted concentrations. only (B. terrestris) (O. bicornis) responded context-experiencing lower less land. Pesticide correlated among bee species between food sources was greatest A. mellifera-collected pollen-useful information future postapproval monitoring. provide trait- landscape-dependent occurrence, concentration identity encounter estimate risk, is necessary more realistic assessment essential tracking policy goals reduce risk.

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Non-Apis Bees

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 69(1), С. 551 - 576

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, pesticide exposure is one the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified landscapes. Until recently, almost all information on routes impacts came from honey bees, at least partially because they were only model species required for risk assessments (ERAs) insect pollinators. Recently, there has been a surge research activity focusing effects non- Apis including other social bees (bumble stingless bees) solitary bees. These taxa vary substantially another several important ecological traits, spatial temporal patterns, foraging nesting requirements, degree sociality. In this article, we review current evidence base about pathways consequences We find that insights into bee resulting across biological organizations, landscapes, mixtures, multiple still infancy. The good news promising approaches could be used to advance our understanding, with priority given informing pathways, extrapolating effects, determining how well (limited very few mostly neonicotinoid insecticides under unrealistic conditions) can generalized diversity lifestyles global community. conclude future expand knowledge would also beneficial ERAs wider policy decisions concerning pollinator conservation regulation.

Язык: Английский

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Flower plantings support wild bee reproduction and may also mitigate pesticide exposure effects

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 59(8), С. 2117 - 2127

Опубликована: Май 28, 2022

Abstract Sustainable agriculture relies on pollinators, and wild bees benefit yield of multiple crops. However, the combined exposure to pesticides loss flower resources, driven by agricultural intensification, contribute declining diversity abundance many bee taxa. Flower plantings along margins fields offer diverse food resources not directly treated with pesticides. To investigate potential mitigate pesticide effects support reproduction, we selected replicated sites in intensively farmed landscapes where half contained plantings. We assessed solitary Osmia lignaria bumble Bombus vosnesenskii nesting reproduction throughout season these landscapes. also quantified local landscape used bee‐collected pollen determine forage resource use risk. plantings, their increased O. probability. was more strongly related than resources. Bees at without experienced similar risk, flowers, alongside flowers landscape, were sources particularly for . mitigated negative B. reproduction. Synthesis applications are threatened through intensification. Therefore, finding solutions deficiency is urgent. Our findings point towards as a solution populations mitigating providing key forage. Further investigation balance between benefits added risk needed reveal contexts net occur.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence of exploitative competition between honey bees and native bees in two California landscapes

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 92(9), С. 1802 - 1814

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Human-mediated species introductions provide real-time experiments in how communities respond to interspecific competition. For example, managed honey bees Apis mellifera (L.) have been widely introduced outside their native range and may compete with for pollen nectar. Indeed, multiple studies suggest that overlap use of floral resources. However, resource negatively impact collection by bees, availability must also decline, few investigate impacts bee competition on visits simultaneously. In this study, we increasing abundance visitation patterns, diets, nectar two Californian landscapes: wildflower plantings the Central Valley montane meadows Sierra. We collected data flowers, availability, carried bodies across sites Sierra Valley. then constructed plant-pollinator networks assess impacted perceived apparent (PAC), a measure niche overlap, pollinator specialization (d'). compared PAC values against null expectations address whether observed changes were greater or less than what would expect given relative abundances interacting partners. find clear evidence exploitative both ecosystems based following results: (1) increased between (2) led decreased (3) responded shifting visits, some becoming more specialized others generalized depending ecosystem taxon considered. Although can adapt coexistence is tenuous will depend availability. Preserving augmenting resources therefore essential mitigating negative California ecosystems, decreases flowers alters diets potential implications conservation wildlands management.

Язык: Английский

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Experimental heatwaves disrupt bumblebee foraging through direct heat effects and reduced nectar production

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 37(3), С. 591 - 601

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Abstract Heatwaves are an increasingly common extreme weather event across the globe and projected to surge in frequency severity coming decades. Plant‐pollinator mutualisms vulnerable due interacting effects of heat on insect pollinator foraging behaviour their forage plants. We designed experiment parse impact bumblebee mediated directly through air temperature indirectly changes plant rewards. Temperatures simulating a moderate heatwave negatively impacted bumblebees reducing proportion successful bouts, bout duration flower visitation indirect stress reduced nectar production that limited duration. Our experimental results provide mechanistic link between climate, plants pollinators suggest situ conditions from heatwaves could have profound negative consequences for colony persistence maintenance pollination services. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Moving past neonicotinoids and honeybees: A systematic review of existing research on other insecticides and bees

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 235, С. 116612 - 116612

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

Synthetic pesticides (e.g. herbicides, fungicides and insecticides) are used widely in agriculture to protect crops from pests, weeds disease. However, their use also comes with a range of environmental concerns. One key concern is the effect insecticides on non-target organisms such as bees, who provide pollination services for wild plants. This systematic literature review quantifies existing research bees broadly, then focuses more specifically non-neonicotinoid non-honeybees. We find that articles honeybees (Apis sp.) account 80% all research, other combined making up 20%. Neonicotinoids were studied 34% across most insecticide class non-honeybees overall, almost three times many studies than second class. Of classes non-honeybees, pyrethroids organophosphates followed by carbamates, represented bee taxa bumblebees (Bombus), leaf-cutter (Megachile) mason (Osmia). Research has taken place several countries, highest numbers Brazil US, notable gaps countries Asia, Africa Oceania. Mortality was type, while sub-lethal effects behaviour less studied. Few tested how influenced multiple pressures, climate change co-occurring (cocktail effects). As anthropogenic pressures do not occur isolation, we suggest future addresses these knowledge gaps. Given changing global patterns use, increasing inclusion both pesticide risk assessment, there need expanding beyond its current state ensure strong scientific evidence base development assessment associated policy.

Язык: Английский

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A review of the influence of environmental pollutants (microplastics, pesticides, antibiotics, air pollutants, viruses, bacteria) on animal viruses

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 468, С. 133831 - 133831

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Predicting landscape‐scale native bumble bee habitat use over space, time, and forage availability

Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 106(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract The distribution and abundance of foraging resources are key determinants animal habitat use persistence. Decades agricultural expansion intensification, along with the introduction exotic species, have dramatically altered resource distributions in space time. nature contemporary landscapes requires new approaches to understand how mobile organisms utilize resulting highly fragmented, heterogeneous resources. We used colonies native bumble bee ( Bombus vosnesenskii ) deployed among types a land gradient characterize availability change as function landscape composition throughout season diverse region Northern California. employ novel probabilistic framework identify spatiotemporal patterns different habitats. Bumble preference (i.e., pollen foraging) flowering plant abundance) driven by surrounding time year. bees strongly preferred from plants, which was overrepresented samples across relative its estimated availability. Our model also revealed strong reliance on seminatural (e.g., oak savannahs, chapparal, riparian corridors)—features that increasingly rare anthropogenically dominated landscapes. In fact, even most intensive largely limited interstitial field road edges) despite available mass‐flowering crops. results highlight importance mosaic heterogeneity) allowing link through season. we develop serves enhance predictions insect within fragmented

Язык: Английский

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