The application of assisted migration as a climate change adaptation tactic: An evidence map and synthesis

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 280, С. 109932 - 109932

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Current state of plant conservation translocations across Europe: motivations, challenges and outcomes

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Identifying predictors of translocation success in rare plant species

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(2)

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

The fundamental goal of a rare plant translocation is to create self-sustaining populations with the evolutionary resilience persist in long term. Yet, most syntheses focus on few factors influencing short-term benchmarks success (e.g., survival and reproduction). Short-term can be misleading when trying infer future growth viability because that promote establishment may differ from those required for long-term persistence. We assembled large (n = 275) broadly representative data set well-documented monitored (7.9 years average) at-risk translocations identify important site attributes, management techniques, species' traits six life-cycle population metrics success. used random forest algorithm quantify relative importance 29 predictor variables each metric Drivers outcomes varied across time frames metrics. Management techniques had greatest influence attainment trends, whereas attributes were more persistence trends. Specifically, founder sizes increased potential reproduction recruitment into next generation, declining habitat quality outplanting species low seed production led extinction risks reduction reproductive output long-term, respectively. also detected novel interactions between some drivers, such as an probability next-generation greater rates, but only coupled sizes. Because significant barriers overcome by improving or resolving site-level issues through early intervention management, we suggest combining monitoring adaptive programs enhance prospects achieving

Язык: Английский

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Tracking the global application of conservation translocation and social attraction to reverse seabird declines

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(16)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2023

The global loss of biodiversity has inspired actions to restore nature across the planet. Translocation and social attraction deliberately move or lure a target species restoration site reintroduce augment populations enhance ecosystem resilience. Given limited conservation funding rapidly accelerating extinction trajectories, tracking progress these interventions can inform best practices advance management outcomes. Seabirds are globally threatened commonly targeted for translocation (“active seabird restoration”), yet no framework exists efforts nor informing practices. This study addresses this gap decision makers responsible seabirds coastal management. We systematically reviewed active projects worldwide collated results into publicly accessible Seabird Restoration Database. describe trends, apply systematic process measure success rates response times since implementation, examine factors influencing database contains 851 events in 551 locations targeting 138 species; 16% taxa. Visitation occurred 80% breeding 76%, on average 2 y after implementation began (SD = 3.2 y). Outcomes varied by taxonomy, with highest quickest Charadriiformes (terns, gulls, auks), primarily attraction. delayed variable restoration, 5 is appropriate before evaluating serve as model outcomes, applicable measuring additional

Язык: Английский

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Deciding where to put them: Sensitivity tests and independent evaluation are critical when using species distribution models to inform conservation translocations

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(4), С. 713 - 732

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Conservation translocations are an important tool for combating species declines and population losses. Species distribution models (SDMs) can facilitate the selection of suitable release sites translocation programs. However, these be sensitive to several modelling decisions. In this study, we explore impacts three key decisions on Maxent developed inform reintroductions long‐toed salamander ( Ambystoma macrodactylum ) in southwestern Alberta. We specifically test sensitivity model predictions (1) type environmental variables used generate models, (2) whether background points calibrate reflects potential bias input locality records (3) choice geographic study extent. use independent presence‐absence data from extensive field survey accuracy based different Both performance were Models using local extents more accurate than those range‐wide extents. extent impacted set included species. further demonstrate ranking present a final recommendations that accounts uncertainty under both current future climatic conditions. identify expected time periods as Synthesis applications : Our adds our understanding how impact SDMs downstream conclusions while simultaneously demonstrating rigorous approach conservation planning.

Язык: Английский

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Translocations of threatened plants in the Mediterranean Basin: current status and future directions

Plant Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 224(9), С. 765 - 775

Опубликована: Март 4, 2023

Abstract The Mediterranean Basin is one of the World’s plant diversity hotspots and a region prone to several anthropic pressures, besides being areas most susceptible climate change. In this region, which hosts high percentage threatened species, there has been large increase in practical conservation actions prevent extinction many plants or improve their status. framework, translocations have become increasingly important. To obtain picture status depict possible directions, data on was collected through available databases, national experts, grey literature online. Overall, list 836 relating 572 species found. These are mainly concentrated Spain, France, Italy (c. 87%) and, except for some pioneering actions, strongly increased starting from 2010. A subsequent in-depth bibliographic search scientific databases conducted determine how much information about documented literature. This resulted 133 peer-reviewed papers, only 17 describing more as whole, reporting 101 experiences carried out 56 species. Our research highlighted great discrepancy between scarce documentation comparison number out. experience gained these constitutes an enormous heritage potentially implement necessary preserve Basin.

Язык: Английский

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A benefit–risk analysis for biological control introductions based on the protection of native biodiversity

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(6)

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

The release of biological control agents has been an important means controlling invasive species for over 150 years. While these releases have led to the sustainable 250 pest and weed worldwide, a minority caused environmental harm. A growing recognition risks focus on risk assessment beginning in 1990s along with precipitous decline releases. this new greatly improved safety control, it came at cost lost opportunities solve problems associated species. framework that incorporates benefits is thus needed understand net effects We introduce such framework, using native biodiversity as common currency both risks. model based interactions among four categories organisms: (1) agent, (2) (pest or weed) targeted by (3) one more stand benefit from target species, (4) are being harmed released agent. Conservation values potentially benefited incorporated well, they weighted according three axes: vulnerability extinction, ecosystem services provided, cultural significance. Further, we incorporate potential indirect which consider will result mainly ecological process agent enrichment may occur if exploits but does not weed. illustrate use retrospectively analyzing vedalia beetle, Novius (= Rodolia) cardinalis, cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, Galapagos Islands. particularly adaptable natural areas, can also be used managed settings, where protects through reduction pesticide use.

Язык: Английский

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Weighing consequences of action and inaction in invasive insect management

One Earth, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(5), С. 782 - 793

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Conservation Mitonuclear Replacement: Facilitated mitochondrial adaptation for a changing world

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Most species will not be able to migrate fast enough cope with climate change, nor evolve quickly current levels of genetic variation. Exacerbating the problem are anthropogenic influences on adaptive potential, including prevention gene flow through habitat fragmentation and erosion diversity in small, bottlenecked populations. Facilitated adaptation, or assisted evolution, offers a way augment variation via artificial selection, induced hybridization, engineering. One key source variation, particularly for climatic core metabolic genes encoded by mitochondrial genome. These influence environmental tolerance heat, drought, hypoxia, but must interact intimately co‐evolve suite important nuclear genes. coadapted mitonuclear form some reproductive barriers between species. Mitochondrial genomes can do introgress an manner, they may co‐introgress maintaining compatibility. Managers should consider relevance variability conservation decision‐making, as tool facilitating adaptation. I propose novel technique dubbed Conservation Mitonuclear Replacement (CmNR), which entails replacing machinery threatened species—the genome loci—with those from closely related divergent population, better‐adapted changes carry lower load. The most feasible route CmNR is combine CRISPR‐based editing replacement technologies. This method preserves much organism's phenotype could allow populations persist wild when no other suitable options exist. mountaintops, where rising temperatures threaten alarming number almost certain extinction next century.

Язык: Английский

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Intended and unintended consequences of wolf restoration to Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks

Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2021

Abstract Wolves ( Canis lupus ), a once widely distributed species, were systematically removed from many temperate zone ecosystems due to conflicts with humans. A change in human attitudes and cultural norms has brought about recovery some suitable areas, yet reintroductions are still controversial. Two notable reintroduction areas the United States Yellowstone Isle Royale National Parks. Both proposals caused polarization debate. In opposition focused on outside park effects, mainly wolves killing livestock wild game also desired by hunters. At Royale, was mostly interventions into nature impairment of wilderness values contrary spirit 1964 Wilderness Act. locations had periods 20th century without presence dampening effect ungulate population fluctuations. Most outcomes at predicted as Environmental Impact Statement written beforehand correctly 78% 51 that examined. too recently reintroduced make similar comparisons, but we conclude intervention is not Act, nor author Howard Zahniser's vision, partially because wolf mitigation for actions. Also, intervening, or inaction, often perceived safer, would have more damaging impacts ecosystem functioning.

Язык: Английский

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