A review of sarcoptic mange in North American wildlife

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9, С. 285 - 297

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2019

The "itch mite" or "mange mite",

Язык: Английский

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From wetland specialist to hand-fed generalist: shifts in diet and condition with provisioning for a recently urbanized wading bird

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 373(1745), С. 20170100 - 20170100

Опубликована: Март 12, 2018

Many wildlife species shift their diets to use novel resources in urban areas. The consequences of these shifts are not well known, and consumption reliable—but low quality—anthropogenic food may present important trade-offs for health. This be especially true carnivorous such as the American white ibis ( Eudocimus albus ), a nomadic wading bird which has been increasingly observed parks South Florida, USA. We tested effects anthropogenic provisioning on consumer nutrition (i.e. dietary protein), body condition ectoparasite burdens along an gradient using stable isotope analysis, scaled mass index values GPS transmitter data. Ibises that assimilated more provisioned were captured at sites, used habitat, had lower mass–length residuals, scores, less δ 15N smaller isotopic ellipses. Our results suggest ibises areas heavily with food, appears offer trade-off by providing low-quality, but easily accessible, calories support high increase time available anti-parasite behaviours preening. Understanding is investigating infection risk conservation human-modified habitats. article part theme issue ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies host–parasite dynamics wildlife’.

Язык: Английский

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Urban Compost Attracts Coyotes, Contains Toxins, and may Promote Disease in Urban-Adapted Wildlife

EcoHealth, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 13(2), С. 285 - 292

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2016

Язык: Английский

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An altered microbiome in urban coyotes mediates relationships between anthropogenic diet and poor health

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2020

Generalist species able to exploit anthropogenic food sources are becoming increasingly common in urban environments. Coyotes (Canis latrans) one such generalist that now resides cities across North America, where diseased or unhealthy coyotes frequently reported cases of human-wildlife conflict. Coyote health and fitness may be related habitat use diet via the gut microbiome, which has far-reaching effects on animal nutrition physiology. In this study, we used stomach contents, stable isotope analysis, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, measures body condition identify relationships among use, diet, fecal microbiome composition, rural coyotes. Three distinct emerged: (1) Urban consumed more food, was associated with increased diversity, higher abundances Streptococcus Enterococcus, poorer average condition. (2) Conversely, harbored microbiomes rich Fusobacteria, Sutterella, Anaerobiospirillum, were protein-rich diets improved (3) Diets Erysipelotrichiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Coriobacteriaceae, correlated larger spleens also had an prevalence zoonotic parasite Echinococcus multilocularis, but there no detectable connections between infection composition. Our results demonstrate how consumption carbohydrate-rich by alters negatively affect condition, potential susceptibility conflict-prone behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Terrestrial mammals of the Americas and their interactions with plastic waste

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(20), С. 57759 - 57770

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Predictable features attract urban coyotes to residential yards

Journal of Wildlife Management, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 81(4), С. 593 - 600

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2017

ABSTRACT Several species of urban‐adapted carnivores, including coyotes ( Canis latrans ), use anthropogenic resources in residential areas, which may increase rates encounters and conflict with people. These negative interactions might be reduced more understanding individual variation the areas if attractants were better predicted by residents targeted for securement or removal. We fitted 19 urban global positioning system (GPS) collars (11 healthy, 8 sarcoptic mange [ Sarcoptes scabiei ]) compared their selection at different times day. also identified 173 clusters GPS locations (representing foraging bedding sites) paired them available sites to measure food, shelter, visual cover. Seventeen avoided general, but lesser avoidance occurred animals that used these during Backyards selected 66.7 less likely have fences, 22.2 contain had 3.3 as much cover than yards. Diseased 9 healthy select yards food. Our results suggest coarse measurements habitat via land classes underestimate attraction wildlife particular features areas. Greater management municipal governments, residents, communities reduce animal use, disease transmission, human‐wildlife diverse © 2017 The Wildlife Society.

Язык: Английский

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Individual dietary specialization in a generalist predator: A stable isotope analysis of urban and rural red foxes

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(16), С. 8855 - 8870

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2020

Abstract Some carnivores are known to survive well in urban habitats, yet the underlying behavioral tactics poorly understood. One likely explanation for success habitats might be that generalist consumers. However, populations of could as consist specialist feeders. Here, we compared isotopic specialization red foxes and rural environments, using both a population an individual level perspective. We measured stable isotope ratios increments fox whiskers potential food sources. Our results reveal have broad dietary niche large variation resource use. Despite this variation, found significant differences between variance δ 13 C 15 N values, suggesting habitat‐specific foraging behavior. Although regions more heterogeneous regarding land cover (based on Shannon index) than regions, range was smaller with conspecifics. Moreover, higher values lower suggest relatively high input anthropogenic The diet most individuals remained largely constant over longer period. low intraindividual variability suggests proportion items consumed by individuals. Urban utilized small potentially available indicated within‐individual between‐individual variation. conclude specialists at least those periods covered our study.

Язык: Английский

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Enhanced access to anthropogenic food waste is related to hyperglycemia in raccoons (Procyon lotor)

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Urban landscapes have well-known effects on wildlife populations. Many species of urban feed anthropogenic food wastes, and little is known regarding the sub-lethal physiological consequences this novel diet. We use samples from three populations raccoons to test hypothesis that access waste will lead elevated body mass, blood glucose serum leptin. Each population varied in their presumed waste. found site with highest were significantly heavier had higher levels glycated protein (GSP, a marker glucose). In addition, GSP concentration was positively related mass. No significant differences leptin detected, nor diets may for metabolism. Further research be needed determine evolutionary diet, whether adaptation occurring.

Язык: Английский

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Behavioral Causes, Ecological Consequences, and Management Challenges Associated with Wildlife Foraging in Human-Modified Landscapes

BioScience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2020

Humans have altered up to half of the world's land surface. Wildlife living within or close these human-modified landscapes are presented with opportunities and risks associated feeding on human-derived foods (e.g., agricultural crops food waste). Understanding whether how wildlife adapts is a major challenge, thousands studies published topic over past 10 years. In present article, we build established theoretical frameworks understand behavioral causes crop urban foraging by wildlife. We then develop extend this framework describe multifaceted ecological consequences for individuals populations in which they arise, emphasis social species interactions people are, balance, negative (commonly referred as raiding species). Finally, discuss management challenges faced rural managers, businesses, government organizations mitigating human-wildlife conflicts propose ways improve lives both humans promote coexistence.

Язык: Английский

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Interactions with humans shape coyote responses to hazing

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2019

Abstract Medium and large carnivores coexist with people in urban areas globally, occasionally resulting negative interactions that prompt questions about how to reduce human-wildlife conflict. Hazing, i.e., scaring wildlife, is frequently promoted as an important non-lethal means for urbanites conflict but there limited scientific evidence its efficacy. We used a population of captive coyotes ( Canis latrans ) simulate human-coyote subsequent effects hazing on coyote behavior. Past experiences humans significantly affected the number times approached human necessitate hazing. Coyotes had been hand fed by adults be more hazed than other or no past adults. experience children impact events. The adult child was reduced across days based accumulative hazed, suggesting learn avoid behaviors warranting this could management tool. However, prior whether interaction can alter outcomes must considered determining efficacy programs.

Язык: Английский

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