Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(6), С. 673 - 673
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2024
One
of
the
biggest
problems
in
treatment
idiopathic
Parkinson’s
disease
is
lack
new
drugs
that
slow
its
progression.
L-Dopa
remains
star
drug
this
disease,
although
it
induces
severe
side
effects.
The
failure
clinical
studies
with
depends
on
use
preclinical
models
based
neurotoxins
do
not
represent
what
happens
since
they
induce
rapid
and
expansive
neurodegeneration.
We
have
recently
proposed
a
single-neuron
degeneration
model
for
requires
years
to
accumulate
enough
lost
neurons
onset
motor
symptoms.
This
excessive
formation
aminochrome
during
neuromelanin
synthesis
surpass
neuroprotective
action
enzymes
DT-diaphorase
glutathione
transferase
M2-2,
which
prevent
neurotoxic
effects
aminochrome.
Although
an
effect,
stereotaxic
injection
endogenous
neurotoxin
cannot
be
used
generate
animal.
Therefore,
aim
review
evaluate
strategies
pharmacologically
increasing
expression
DT
diaphorase
GSTM2-2
molecules
vesicular
monoamine
transporter
2,
such
as
pramipexole.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
27(21), С. 7289 - 7289
Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2022
Currently,
particular
interest
among
the
scientific
community
is
focused
on
exploring
use
of
exosomes
for
several
pharmaceutical
and
biomedical
applications.
This
due
to
identification
role
as
an
excellent
intercellular
communicator
by
delivering
requisite
cargo
comprising
functional
proteins,
metabolites
nucleic
acids.
Exosomes
are
smallest
extracellular
vesicles
(EV)
with
sizes
ranging
from
30–100
nm
derived
endosomes.
have
similar
surface
morphology
cells
act
a
signal
transduction
channel
between
cells.
They
encompass
different
biomolecules,
such
acids
lipids,
thus
rendering
them
naturally
attractive
drug
delivery
vehicle.
Like
other
advanced
systems,
polymeric
nanoparticles
liposomes
encapsulate
substances,
also
gained
much
attention
in
enhancing
therapeutic
activity.
present
many
advantages,
compatibility
living
tissues,
low
toxicity,
extended
blood
circulation,
capability
pass
contents
one
cell
another,
non-immunogenic
special
targeting
various
cells,
making
carrier.
Exosome-based
molecules
still
early
stages
research
clinical
trials.
The
problems
transition
issues
related
exosome-based
drugs
need
be
overcome
using
tools
better
understanding
systemic
evaluation
exosomes.
In
this
current
review,
we
summarize
most
up-to-date
knowledge
about
complex
biological
journey
biogenesis
secretion,
isolation
techniques,
characterization,
loading
methods,
applications,
challenges
future
perspectives
npj Parkinson s Disease,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2022
Abstract
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
the
second
most
common
progressive
neurodegenerative
disease,
develops
and
progresses
for
10–15
years
before
clinical
diagnostic
symptoms
of
are
manifested.
Furthermore,
several
aspects
PD
pathology
overlap
with
other
diseases
(NDDs)
linked
to
alpha-synuclein
(aSyn)
aggregation,
also
called
synucleinopathies.
Therefore,
there
is
an
urgent
need
discover
validate
early
prognostic
markers
that
reflect
pathophysiology,
progression,
severity,
potential
differences
in
mechanisms
between
NDDs.
The
close
association
aSyn
development
synucleinopathies,
along
identification
species
biological
fluids,
has
led
increasing
interest
as
biomarkers
diagnosis
differentiate
it
from
In
this
review,
we
(1)
provide
overview
progress
toward
mapping
distribution
brain,
peripheral
tissues,
fluids;
(2)
present
comparative
critical
analysis
previous
studies
measured
total
well
such
modified
aggregated
forms
different
(3)
highlight
conceptual
technical
gaps
challenges
could
hinder
validation
reliable
biomarkers;
(4)
outline
a
series
recommendations
address
these
challenges.
Finally,
propose
combined
biomarker
approach
based
on
integrating
biochemical,
aggregation
structure
features
aSyn,
addition
neurodegeneration.
We
believe
capturing
diversity
essential
develop
robust
assays
diagnostics
detection,
patient
stratification,
monitoring
differentiation
This
transform
trial
design
implementation,
accelerate
new
therapies,
improve
decisions
treatment
strategies.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(10), С. 3822 - 3842
Опубликована: Май 11, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
secreted
by
both
eukaryotes
and
prokaryotes,
present
in
all
biological
fluids
of
vertebrates,
where
they
transfer
DNA,
RNA,
proteins,
lipids,
metabolites
from
donor
to
recipient
cells
cell-to-cell
communication.
Some
EV
components
can
also
indicate
the
type
status
their
parent
serve
as
diagnostic
targets
for
liquid
biopsy.
EVs
natively
carry
or
be
modified
contain
therapeutic
agents
(e.g.,
nucleic
acids,
polysaccharides,
small
molecules)
physical,
chemical,
bioengineering
strategies.
Due
excellent
biocompatibility
stability,
ideal
nanocarriers
bioactive
ingredients
induce
signal
transduction,
immunoregulation,
other
effects,
which
targeted
specific
cell
types.
Herein,
we
review
classification,
intercellular
communication,
isolation,
characterization
strategies
apply
therapeutics.
This
focuses
on
recent
advances
applications
carriers
vitro
research
towards
vivo
animal
models
early
clinical
applications,
using
representative
examples
fields
cancer
chemotherapeutic
drug,
vaccine,
infectious
disease
vaccines,
regenerative
medicine
gene
therapy.
Finally,
discuss
current
challenges
therapeutics
future
development.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024
Multicellular
organisms
are
composed
of
diverse
cell
types
that
must
coordinate
their
behaviors
through
communication.
Cell-cell
communication
(CCC)
is
essential
for
growth,
development,
differentiation,
tissue
and
organ
formation,
maintenance,
physiological
regulation.
Cells
communicate
direct
contact
or
at
a
distance
using
ligand-receptor
interactions.
So
cellular
encompasses
two
processes:
signal
conduction
generation
intercellular
transmission
signals,
transduction
reception
procession
signals.
Deciphering
networks
critical
understanding
metabolism.
First,
we
comprehensively
review
the
historical
milestones
in
CCC
studies,
followed
by
detailed
description
mechanisms
molecule
importance
main
signaling
pathways
they
mediate
maintaining
biological
functions.
Then
systematically
introduce
series
human
diseases
caused
abnormalities
progress
clinical
applications.
Finally,
summarize
various
methods
monitoring
interactions,
including
imaging,
proximity-based
chemical
labeling,
mechanical
force
analysis,
downstream
analysis
strategies,
single-cell
technologies.
These
aim
to
illustrate
how
functions
depend
on
these
interactions
complexity
regulatory
regulate
crucial
processes,
homeostasis,
immune
responses
diseases.
In
addition,
this
enhances
our
processes
occur
after
cell-cell
binding,
highlighting
its
application
discovering
new
therapeutic
targets
biomarkers
related
precision
medicine.
This
collective
provides
foundation
developing
targeted
drugs
personalized
treatments.
Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024
Abstract
Exosomes
are
extracellular
vesicles
generated
by
all
cells
and
they
carry
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
lipids,
metabolites.
They
mediate
the
exchange
of
substances
between
cells,thereby
affecting
biological
properties
activities
recipient
cells.
In
this
review,
we
briefly
discuss
composition
exocomes
exosome
isolation.
We
also
review
clinical
applications
exosomes
in
cancer
biology
as
well
strategies
exosome-mediated
targeted
drug
delivery
systems.
Finally,
application
context
therapeutics
both
practice
literature
discussed.
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
research
on
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs)
has
gained
prominence
in
the
life
sciences
due
to
their
critical
roles
both
health
and
disease
states,
offering
promising
applications
diagnosis,
drug
delivery,
therapy.
However,
inherent
heterogeneity
complex
origins
pose
significant
challenges
preparation,
analysis,
subsequent
clinical
application.
This
review
is
structured
provide
an
overview
of
biogenesis,
composition,
various
sources
EVs,
thereby
laying
groundwork
for
a
detailed
discussion
contemporary
techniques
preparation
analysis.
Particular
focus
given
state‐of‐the‐art
technologies
that
employ
microfluidic
non‐microfluidic
platforms
EV
processing.
Furthermore,
this
discourse
extends
into
innovative
approaches
incorporate
artificial
intelligence
cutting‐edge
electrochemical
sensors,
with
particular
emphasis
single
proposes
current
outlines
prospective
avenues
future
research.
The
objective
motivate
researchers
innovate
expand
methods
analysis
fully
unlocking
biomedical
potential.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(5), С. 2730 - 2730
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
a
diverse
group
of
cell-derived
exocytosed
particles,
are
pivotal
in
mediating
intercellular
communication
due
to
their
ability
selectively
transfer
biomolecules
specific
cell
types.
EVs,
composed
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
lipids,
taken
up
by
cells
affect
variety
signaling
cascades.
Research
the
field
has
primarily
focused
on
stem
with
particular
focus
mesenchymal
cells,
for
potential
therapeutic
benefits.
Recently,
tissue-specific
EVs
or
type-specific
extracellular
(CTS-EVs),
have
garnered
attention
unique
biogenesis
molecular
composition
because
they
enable
highly
targeted
cell-specific
communication.
Various
studies
outlined
roles
that
CTS-EVs
play
physiological
function
maintenance
homeostasis,
including
immune
modulation,
tissue
regeneration,
organ
development.
These
properties
also
exploited
disease
propagation,
such
as
cancer,
neurological
disorders,
infectious
diseases,
autoimmune
conditions,
more.
The
insights
gained
from
analyzing
different
biological
not
only
enhance
our
understanding
pathogenesis
but
open
new
avenues
innovative
diagnostic
biomarkers
targets
wide
spectrum
medical
conditions.
This
review
comprehensively
outlines
current
CTS-EV
origins,
within
normal
physiology,
implications
diseased
states.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10(7), С. 1760 - 1760
Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022
The
understanding
of
neurodegenerative
diseases,
traditionally
considered
to
be
well-defined
entities
with
distinguishable
clinical
phenotypes,
has
undergone
a
major
shift
over
the
last
20
years.
diagnosis
diseases
primarily
requires
functional
brain
imaging
techniques
or
invasive
tests
such
as
lumbar
puncture
assess
cerebrospinal
fluid.
A
new
biological
approach
and
research
efforts,
especially
in
vivo,
have
focused
on
biomarkers
indicating
underlying
proteinopathy
fluid
blood
serum.
However,
due
complexity
heterogeneity
processes
within
central
nervous
system
large
number
overlapping
diagnoses,
identifying
individual
proteinopathies
is
relatively
difficult
often
not
entirely
accurate.
For
this
reason,
there
an
urgent
need
develop
laboratory
methods
for
specific
biomarkers,
understand
molecular
basis
disorders
classify
quantifiable
readily
available
tools
that
can
accelerate
efforts
translate
knowledge
into
disease-modifying
therapies
improve
simplify
areas
differential
diagnosis,
well
monitor
disease
course
aim
estimating
prognosis
evaluating
effects
treatment.
review
summarize
current
about
clinically
relevant
different
diseases.
