Current Protein and Peptide Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(7), С. 507 - 526
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024
Abstract::
Neurodegenerative
disorders,
which
include
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
Huntington's
(HD),
and
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS),
represent
a
significant
growing
global
health
challenge.
Current
therapies
predominantly
focus
on
symptom
management
rather
than
altering
progression.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
the
major
therapeutic
strategies
in
practice
for
these
highlighting
their
limitations.
For
AD,
mainstay
treatments
are
cholinesterase
inhibitors
N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA)
receptor
antagonists.
PD,
dopamine
replacement
therapies,
including
levodopa,
commonly
used.
HD
is
managed
primarily
with
symptomatic
treatments,
reusable
extends
survival
ALS.
However,
none
of
halts
or
substantially
slows
neurodegenerative
process.
contrast,
review
highlights
emerging
research
into
bioactive
peptides
as
potential
agents.
These
naturally
occurring
synthetically
designed
molecules
can
interact
specific
cellular
targets,
potentially
modulating
processes.
Preclinical
studies
suggest
that
may
mitigate
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
protein
misfolding,
common
pathological
features
diseases.
Clinical
trials
using
neurodegeneration
limited
but
show
promising
initial
results.
instance,
hemiacetal,
γ-secretase
inhibitor
peptide,
has
shown
AD
by
reducing
amyloid-beta
production,
though
its
development
was
discontinued
due
to
side
effects.
Despite
advancements,
many
challenges
remain,
identifying
optimal
peptides,
confirming
mechanisms
action,
overcoming
obstacles
related
delivery
brain.
Future
should
prioritize
discovery
novel
improve
our
understanding
pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics.
Ultimately,
approach
lead
more
effective
moving
beyond
modify
course
devastating
Biosensors,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(8), С. 802 - 802
Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2023
The
increasing
research
and
rapid
developments
in
the
field
of
exosomes
provide
insights
into
their
role
significance
human
health.
Exosomes
derived
from
various
sources,
such
as
mesenchymal
stem
cells,
cardiac
tumor
to
name
a
few,
can
be
potential
therapeutic
agents
for
treatment
diseases
could
also
serve
biomarkers
early
detection
diseases.
Cellular
components
exosomes,
several
proteins,
lipids,
miRNAs
hold
promise
novel
structure
enables
them
drug
delivery
vehicles.
Since
exhibit
applications,
efficient
isolation
complex
biological/clinical
samples
precise
real-time
analysis
becomes
significant.
With
advent
microfluidics,
nano-biosensors
are
being
designed
capture
efficiently
rapidly.
Herein,
we
have
summarized
history,
biogenesis,
characteristics,
functions,
applications
along
with
isolation,
detection,
quantification
techniques.
implications
surface
modifications
enhance
specificity
been
outlined.
review
sheds
light
on
engineered
nanoplatforms
developed
exosome
capture.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(1), С. 123 - 123
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2024
Lung
cancer
demands
innovative
approaches
for
early
detection
and
targeted
treatment.
In
addressing
this
urgent
need,
exosomes
play
a
pivotal
role
in
revolutionizing
both
the
treatment
of
lung
cancer.
Their
remarkable
capacity
to
encapsulate
diverse
range
biomolecules,
traverse
biological
barriers,
be
engineered
with
specific
targeting
molecules
makes
them
highly
promising
diagnostic
markers
precise
drug
delivery
cells.
Furthermore,
an
in-depth
analysis
exosomal
content
biogenesis
offers
crucial
insights
into
molecular
profile
tumors.
This
knowledge
holds
significant
potential
development
therapies
strategies
Despite
notable
progress
field,
challenges
standardization
cargo
loading
persist.
Collaborative
research
efforts
are
imperative
maximize
advance
field
precision
medicine
benefit
patients.
Biomarker Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2023
Abstract
Tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
one
of
the
most
abundant
immune
cell
types
in
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
account
for
approximately
50%
local
hematopoietic
cells.
TAMs
play
an
important
role
tumorigenesis
and
development
through
crosstalk
between
various
cells
cytokines
TME.
Exosomes
are
small
extracellular
vesicles
with
a
diameter
50–150
nm,
that
can
transfer
biological
information
(e.g.,
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
lipids)
from
secretory
to
recipient
circulatory
system,
thereby
influencing
progression
human
diseases,
including
cancer.
Recent
studies
have
suggested
TAMs-derived
exosomes
crucial
roles
malignant
proliferation,
invasion,
metastasis,
angiogenesis,
responses,
drug
resistance,
metabolic
reprogramming.
potential
be
targeted
therapy.
In
addition,
abnormal
expression
non-coding
RNAs
proteins
is
closely
related
clinicopathological
features
patients
cancer,
these
expected
become
new
liquid
biopsy
markers
early
diagnosis,
prognosis,
monitoring
tumors.
this
review,
we
explored
provide
diagnostic
biomarkers
therapeutic
targets
cancer
prevention.
Exosomes
are
extracellular
vesicles
with
diameters
of
about
100
nm
that
naturally
secreted
by
cells
into
body
fluids.
They
derived
from
endosomes
and
wrapped
in
lipid
membranes.
involved
intracellular
metabolism
intercellular
communication.
contain
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
lipids,
metabolites
the
cell
microenvironment
cytoplasm.
The
contents
exosomes
can
reflect
their
cells'
origin
allow
observation
tissue
changes
states
under
disease
conditions.
Naturally
have
specific
biomolecules
act
as
"fingerprint"
parent
cells,
changed
pathological
conditions
be
used
biomarkers
for
diagnosis.
low
immunogenicity,
small
size,
cross
blood-brain
barrier.
These
characteristics
make
unique
engineering
carriers.
incorporate
therapeutic
drugs
achieve
targeted
drug
delivery.
carriers
therapy
still
infancy,
but
exosome
provides
a
new
perspective
cell-free
therapy.
This
review
discussed
relationship
occurrence
treatment
some
neuropsychiatric
diseases.
In
addition,
future
applications
diagnosis
disorders
were
evaluated
this
review.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Март 20, 2023
Liver
fibrosis
is
a
global
health
problem
caused
by
chronic
liver
injury
resulting
from
various
factors.
Hepatic
stellate
cells
(HSCs)
have
been
found
to
play
major
role
in
fibrosis,
and
pathological
stimuli
lead
their
transdifferentiation
into
myofibroblasts.
Complex
multidirectional
interactions
between
HSCs,
immune
cells,
cytokines
are
also
critical
for
the
progression
of
fibrosis.
Despite
advances
treatments
they
do
not
meet
current
medical
needs.
Exosomes
extracellular
vesicles
30-150
nm
diameter
capable
intercellular
transport
molecules
such
as
lipids,
proteins
nucleic
acids.
As
an
essential
mediator
communication,
exosomes
involved
physiological
processes
many
diseases.
In
pathogenesis
mainly
regulating
activation
HSCs
interaction
cells.
Serum-derived
promising
biomarkers
therapeutic
potential
derived
mesenchymal
stem
other
exhibit
anti-liver
effects.
Moreover,
may
serve
targets
hold
promise
becoming
drug
carriers
treatment.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 709 - 709
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
Of
all
the
numerous
nanosized
extracellular
vesicles
released
by
a
cell,
endosomal-originated
exosomes
are
increasingly
recognized
as
potential
therapeutics,
owing
to
their
inherent
stability,
low
immunogenicity,
and
targeted
delivery
capabilities.
This
review
critically
evaluates
transformative
of
exosome-based
modalities
across
pharmaceutical
precision
medicine
landscapes.
Because
precise
biomolecular
cargo
delivery,
posited
ideal
candidates
in
drug
enhancing
regenerative
strategies,
advancing
diagnostic
technologies.
Despite
significant
market
growth
projections
exosome
therapy,
its
utilization
is
encumbered
substantial
scientific
regulatory
challenges.
These
include
lack
universally
accepted
protocols
for
isolation
complexities
associated
with
navigating
environment,
particularly
guidelines
set
forth
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA).
presents
comprehensive
overview
current
research
trajectories
aimed
at
addressing
these
impediments
discusses
prospective
advancements
that
could
substantiate
clinical
translation
exosomal
therapies.
By
providing
analysis
both
capabilities
hurdles
therapeutic
applications,
this
article
aims
inform
direct
future
paradigms,
thereby
fostering
integration
systems
into
mainstream
practice.
