NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers

Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 48(9), С. 776 - 787

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Pathogen effector-induced assembly of resistosomes has been established as an important event for nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) signaling in plants.The pentameric coiled-coil domain-containing NLR (CNL) act Ca2+-permeable channels, whereas the tetrameric Toll-interleukin 1-like (TIR) (TNL) are NADase holoenzymes.TNL catalyze production nucleotide-derived second messengers to activate downstream helper NLRs activated disease resistance 1 (ADR1) N requirement gene (NRG1) CNL class. Thus, CNLs TNLs converge on Ca2+ signals trigger plant immunity.NLR cross-talks with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) pathways.NLR pathways plants negatively regulated by both hosts pathogens. Nucleotide receptors (NLRs) have a critical role through direct or indirect recognition pathogen effectors. Recent studies demonstrated that such induces formation large protein complexes called mediate immune signaling. Some influx acting others function active NADases messengers. 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Язык: Английский

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Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(5), С. 1465 - 1481

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Abstract Plant diseases are a constant and serious threat to agriculture ecological biodiversity. Plants possess sophisticated innate immunity system capable of detecting responding pathogen infection prevent disease. Our understanding this has grown enormously over the past century. Early genetic descriptions plant disease resistance virulence were embodied in gene-for-gene hypothesis, while physiological studies identified pathogen-derived elicitors that could trigger defense responses cells tissues. Molecular these phenomena have now coalesced into an integrated model involving cell surface intracellular detection specific molecules proteins culminating induction various cellular responses. Extracellular receptors engage distinct signaling processes but converge on many similar outputs with substantial evidence for integration pathways interdependent networks controlling outcomes. Many molecular details recognition known, providing opportunities bioengineering enhance protection from Here we provide overview current main principles immunity, emphasis key scientific milestones leading insights.

Язык: Английский

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Plant NLR immunity activation and execution: a biochemical perspective

Open Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular receptors to detect pathogen attack trigger innate immune responses. Inside host cells, families of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as sensors or downstream mediators defence outputs cell death, which prevent disease. Established genetic underpinnings NLR-mediated immunity revealed various strategies plants adopt combat rapidly evolving microbial pathogens. The molecular mechanisms NLR activation signal transmission components controlling execution were less clear. Here, we review recent protein structural biochemical insights plant sensor signalling functions. When put together, the data show how different families, whether transducers, converge on nucleotide-based second messengers cellular calcium confer immunity. Although pathogen-activated NLRs in engage plant-specific machineries promote defence, comparisons with mammalian receptor counterparts highlight some shared working principles for across kingdoms.

Язык: Английский

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Activation and inhibition mechanisms of a plant helper NLR

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Structure, biochemical function, and signaling mechanism of plant NLRs

Molecular Plant, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 75 - 95

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2022

To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors, including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs). Our knowledge about PRR NLR signaling mechanisms has expanded significantly over the past few years. Plant NLRs form multi-protein complexes called resistosomes in response to effectors, mediated by converges on Ca2+-permeable channels. channels important for also been identified. These findings highlight crucial role Ca2+ triggering plant signaling. In this review, we first discuss structural biochemical non-canonical then summarize our immune-related their roles We potential intricate interaction between

Язык: Английский

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Plasma membrane association and resistosome formation of plant helper immune receptors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(32)

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Intracellular plant immune receptors, termed NLRs (Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich repeat Receptors), confer effector-triggered immunity. Sensor are responsible for pathogen effector recognition. Helper function downstream of sensor to transduce signaling and induce cell death Activation that contain TIR (Toll/interleukin-1receptor) domains generates small molecules an association between a heterodimer signalosome EDS1 (EnhancedDisease Susceptibility 1)/SAG101 (Senescence-AssociatedGene 101) the helper NLR NRG1 (NRequired Gene 1). Autoactive NRG1s oligomerize form calcium channels largely localized at plasma membrane (PM). The molecular mechanisms PM effector-induced oligomerization not well characterized. We demonstrate require positively charged residues in their N-terminal phospholipid binding before after activation, despite conformational changes accompany activation. activation TIR-containing induces cytoplasmic pool EDS1/SAG101 is critical function. cannot be detected oligomerized resistosome, suggesting additional unknown triggers might required dissociation from previously described NRG1/EDS1/SAG101 heterotrimer subsequent oligomerization. Alternatively, resulting abrogate interface association. Our data provide observations regarding dynamic during underpin updated model resistosome formation.

Язык: Английский

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Calcium homeostasis and signaling in plant immunity

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 77, С. 102485 - 102485

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2023

Calcium (Ca2+) signaling consists of three steps: (1) initiation a change in cellular Ca2+ concentration response to stimulus, (2) recognition the through direct binding by its sensors, (3) transduction signal elicit downstream responses. Recent studies have uncovered central role for both layers immune responses initiated plasma membrane (PM) and intracellular receptors, respectively. These advances our understanding are attributed several lines research, including invention genetically-encoded reporters recording signals, identification channels their gating mechanisms, functional analysis proteins (Ca2+ sensors). This review analyzes recent literature that illustrates importance homeostasis plant innate immunity, featuring intricate Ca2+dependent positive negative regulations.

Язык: Английский

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New Biochemical Principles for NLR Immunity in Plants

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(8), С. 468 - 475

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

While working for the United States Department of Agriculture on North Dakota Agricultural College campus in Fargo, Dakota, 1940s and 1950s, Harold H. Flor formulated genetic principles coevolving plant host-pathogen interactions that govern disease resistance or susceptibility. His ‘gene-for-gene’ legacy runs deep modern pathology continues to inform molecular models immune recognition signaling. In this review, we discuss recent biochemical insights immunity conferred by nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) receptors, which are major gene-for-gene determinants nature cultivated crops. Structural analyses pathogen-activated NLR oligomers (resistosomes) reveal how different subtypes converge various ways calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling promote pathogen host cell death. Especially striking is identification nucleotide-based signals generated enzymatically toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain NLRs. These small molecules part an emerging family TIR-produced cyclic noncyclic nucleotide steer cell-death responses bacteria, mammals, plants. A combined genetic, molecular, understanding activation provides exciting new opportunities combatting diseases [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Язык: Английский

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Immune signaling: receptor-like proteins make the difference

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Plant cell surface immune receptors—Novel insights into function and evolution

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74, С. 102384 - 102384

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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