Contribution of the microbiome for better phenotyping of people living with obesity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(5), С. 839 - 870

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2023

Obesity has reached epidemic proportion worldwide and in all ages. Available evidence points to a multifactorial pathogenesis involving gene predisposition environmental factors. Gut microbiota plays critical role as major interface between external factors, i.e., diet, lifestyle, toxic chemicals, internal mechanisms regulating energy metabolic homeostasis, fat production storage. A shift composition is linked with overweight obesity, pathogenic bacterial products metabolites (mainly endocannabinoid-related mediators, short-chain fatty acids, bile catabolites of tryptophan, lipopolysaccharides) subsequent alterations gut barrier, altered insulin resistance chronic, low-grade inflammation. Although animal studies point the links an "obesogenic" development different obesity phenotypes, translational value these results humans still limited by heterogeneity among studies, high variation over time lack robust longitudinal adequately considering inter-individual confounders. Nevertheless, available underscores existence several genera predisposing or, conversely, lean metabolically health phenotype (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, species from Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Roseburia). Further using metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics exact characterization confounders are needed this field. Results must confirm that distinct specific microbial-derived represent effective precision interventions against long-term.

Язык: Английский

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From nitrate to NO: potential effects of nitrate-reducing bacteria on systemic health and disease

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2023

Abstract Current research has described improving multisystem disease and organ function through dietary nitrate (DN) supplementation. They have provided some evidence that these floras with (NO 3 − ) reductase are mediators of the underlying mechanism. Symbiotic bacteria activity (NRA) found in human digestive tract, including mouth, esophagus gastrointestinal tract (GT). Nitrate food can be converted to nitrite under tongue or stomach by symbiotic bacteria. Then, is transformed nitric oxide (NO) non-enzymatic synthesis. NO currently recognized as a potent bioactive agent biological activities, such vasodilation, regulation cardiomyocyte function, neurotransmission, suppression platelet agglutination, prevention vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. also produced conventional l -arginine–NO synthase ( -NOS) pathway, whereas endogenous production -arginine inhibited hypoxia–ischemia conditions. In contrast, exogenous /NO 2 enhanced becomes practical supplemental pathway for body, playing an essential role various physiological activities. Moreover, many diseases (such metabolic geriatric diseases) primarily associated disorders synthesis, generation from route partially alleviate progression. The imbalance body may one potential mechanisms development. Therefore, impact on host systemic health direct ecological balance (e.g., homeostasis, amelioration diseases, etc.). This review summarizes humans, emphasizing relationship between processes this microflora disease. effects reduction were highlighted models different systems, digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, respiratory, urinary providing innovative ideas future diagnosis treatment based

Язык: Английский

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Distinct Gut Microbial Signature and Host Genetic Variants in Association with Liver Fibrosis Severity in Patients with MASLD

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(12), С. 1800 - 1800

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Gut microbiota might affect the severity and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aimed to characterize gut dysbiosis clinical parameters regarding fibrosis stages assessed by magnetic resonance elastography. This study included 156 patients with MASLD, stratified into no/mild (F0–F1) moderate/severe (F2–F4). Fecal specimens were sequenced targeting V4 region 16S rRNA gene analyzed using bioinformatics. The genotyping PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13 was allelic discrimination assays. Our data showed that microbial profiles between groups significantly differed in beta-diversity but not alpha-diversity indices. Enriched Fusobacterium Escherichia_Shigella, depleted Lachnospira found F2–F4 group versus F0–F1 group. Compared F0–F1, had elevated plasma surrogate markers epithelial permeability bacterial translocation. genera, PNPLA3 polymorphisms, old age, diabetes independently associated advanced multivariable analyses. Using Random Forest classifier, signature three genera could differentiate high diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.93). These results indicated imbalance enriched pathogenic decreased beneficial bacteria, association several genetic factors, potential contributors pathogenesis MASLD.

Язык: Английский

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Obesity and the gut microbiota: implications of neuroendocrine and immune signaling

FEBS Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Obesity is a major health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. The excessive intake of diet rich in fat sugars leads persistent imbalance between energy expenditure, which increases adiposity. Here, we provide an update on relevant diet-microbe-host interactions contributing or protecting from obesity. In particular, focus how unhealthy diets shape the gut microbiota thus impact crucial intestinal neuroendocrine immune system functions. We describe these promote dysfunction gut-to-brain pathways involved food control postprandial metabolism elevate proinflammatory tone, promoting obesity metabolic complications. addition, examples this knowledge may inspire microbiome-based interventions, such as fecal transplants, probiotics, biotherapeutics, effectively combat obesity-related disorders. also discuss current limitations gaps research

Язык: Английский

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Nontargeted metabolomics combining with intestinal microbiota and hypolipidemia targets elucidates anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Sangju yinzha tea in hyperlipidemia rats

Food Bioscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106012 - 106012

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds from Brown Algae Alleviate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Extensive Review

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 71(4), С. 1771 - 1787

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. The increasing NAFLD incidences are associated with unhealthy lifestyles. Currently, there no effective therapeutic options for NAFLD. Thus, a need to develop safe, efficient, and economic treatment Brown algae, which edible, contain abundant bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides phlorotannins. They have been shown ameliorate insulin resistance, as well hepatic steatosis, all these biological functions can potentially alleviate Accumulating reports that dietary consumption brown algae reduces risk development. In this review, we summarized animal experiments clinical proof their compounds within past decade. Our findings show possible avenues further research into pathophysiology therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Bacterial Communities in HIV-Infected Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of the Therapy with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based and Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 951 - 951

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based protease (PI)-based regimens patients MetS. To assess this, fecal samples were obtained from treated different (16 PI + MetS or 30 INSTI MetS) 18 healthy controls (HCs). The microbial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. INSTI-based PI-based a significant decrease α-diversity compared to HCs. group showed lowest both regimens. A increase abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Roseburia, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, Coprococcus) observed group, while Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Succinivibrio significantly increased group. Moreover, Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio overrepresented, functional pathways related biosynthesis LPS components receiving INSTIs more pronounced dysbiosis orchestrated by decreased bacterial richness diversity, an almost complete absence SCFA-producing bacteria alterations pathways. These findings not been previously observed.

Язык: Английский

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The essential roles of FXR in diet and age influenced metabolic changes and liver disease development: a multi-omics study

Biomarker Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2023

Aging and diet are risks for metabolic diseases. Bile acid receptor farnesoid X (FXR) knockout (KO) mice develop liver diseases that progress into cancer as they age, which is accelerated by Western (WD) intake. The current study uncovers the molecular signatures age-linked disease development in an FXR-dependent manner.Wild-type (WT) FXR KO male mice, either on a healthy control (CD) or WD, were euthanized at ages of 5, 10, 15 months. Hepatic transcriptomics, liver, serum, urine metabolomics well microbiota profiled.WD intake facilitated hepatic aging WT mice. In manner, increased inflammation reduced oxidative phosphorylation primary pathways affected WD aging. has role modulating B cell-mediated humoral immunity was enhanced Moreover, dictated neuron differentiation, muscle contraction, cytoskeleton organization addition to metabolism. There 654 transcripts commonly altered diets, ages, KO, 76 them differentially expressed human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) livers. Urine metabolites differentiated dietary effects both genotypes, serum clearly separated irrespective diets. amino metabolism TCA cycle. essential colonization age-related gut microbes. Integrated analyses uncovered bacteria linked with intake, aging, related HCC patient survival.FXR target prevent age-associated disease. microbes can be diagnostic markers

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota causally affects cholelithiasis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

The gut microbiota is closely linked to cholesterol metabolism-related diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. However, whether plays a causal role in cholelithiasis remains unclear.This study explored the relationship between cholelithiasis. We hypothesize that influences development.A two-sample Mendelian randomization method was combined with STRING analysis test this hypothesis. Summary data on were obtained from MiBioGen (n=13,266) FinnGen R8 consortia (n=334,367), respectively.Clostridium senegalense, Coprococcus3, Lentisphaerae increased risk of expressed more bile salt hydrolases. In contrast, Holdemania, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 weakly hydrolases implied have protective effect against by analysis.Gut causally may be related This work improves our understanding causality facilitate development treatment strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Patterns in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment Using Three Analysis Methods

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(20), С. 15272 - 15272

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common chronic worldwide, affecting nearly 25% of global adult population. Increasing evidence suggests that functional and compositional changes in gut microbiota may contribute to development promote progression NAFLD. 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing widely used determine specific features NAFLD microbiome, but a complex system such as requires comprehensive approach. We three different approaches: MALDI-TOF-MS bacterial cultures, qPCR, NGS sequencing, well wide variety statistical methods assess differences composition between patients without significant fibrosis control group. The listed showed enrichment Collinsella sp. Oscillospiraceae for samples Lachnospiraceae (and particular Dorea sp.) Veillonellaceae families, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae (particularly Enterococcus faecium faecalis), were also found be important taxa microbiome evaluation. Considering individual method observations, an increase Candida krusei decrease Bacteroides uniformis detected using MALDI-TOF-MS. An Gracilibacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, Pirellulaceae, Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, Muribaculaceae, Comamonadaceae, Acidaminococcaceae observed with NGS, Fusobacterium nucleatum was shown qPCR analysis. These findings confirm associated composition. Further investigations are required cause-and-effect relationships impact microbiota-derived compounds on

Язык: Английский

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