Tea-Derived Polyphenols Enhance Drought Resistance of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) by Alleviating Jasmonate–Isoleucine Pathway and Flavonoid Metabolism Flow

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(7), С. 3817 - 3817

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Extreme drought weather has occurred frequently in recent years, resulting serious yield loss tea plantations. The study of plantations is becoming more and intensive, but there are fewer studies on drought-resistant measures applied actual production. Therefore, this study, we investigated the effect exogenous polyphenols resistance plant by pouring 100 mg·L−1 into root under drought. were able to promote closure stomata reduce water from leaves stress. Drought-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation roots was also significantly reduced polyphenols. Combined transcriptomic metabolomic analyses showed that regulated abnormal responses photosynthetic energy metabolism conditions alleviated sphingolipid metabolism, arginine glutathione system, which enhanced seedlings. Exogenous induced jasmonic acid–isoleucine (JA-ILE) synthetase gene (TEA028623), acid ZIM structural domain proteins (JAMs) synthesis genes (novel.22237, TEA001821), transcription factor MYC2 (TEA014288, TEA005840) up-regulated. Meanwhile, flavonoid metabolic flow altered root; for example, content EGCG, ECG, EGC increased. Thus, enhance plants through multiple pathways.

Язык: Английский

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Rice physical defenses and their role against insect herbivores

Planta, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 259(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract Main conclusion Understanding surface defenses, a relatively unexplored area in rice can provide valuable insight into constitutive and induced defenses against herbivores. Plants have evolved multi-layered defense system the wide range of pests that constantly attack them. Physical comprised trichomes, wax, silica, callose, lignin, are considered as first line herbivory directly affect herbivores by restricting or deterring Most studies on physical insect been focused dicots compared to monocots, although monocots include one most important crops, rice, which half global population is dependent their staple food. In Silica an element stimulating plant growth, has also found impart resistance However, other including lignin less explored. A detailed exploration morphological structures functional consequences assist incorporating these traits breeding genetic improvement programs, thereby potentially reduce use chemicals field. This mini review addresses points with closer look at current literature prospects defenses.

Язык: Английский

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Targeted plant defense: silicon conserves hormonal defense signaling impacting chewing but not fluid‐feeding herbivores

Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 102(3)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2020

Plants deploy an arsenal of chemical and physical defenses against arthropod herbivores, but it may be most cost efficient to produce these only when attacked. Herbivory activates complex signaling pathways involving several phytohormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), which regulate production defensive compounds. The Poaceae also have the capacity take up large amounts silicon (Si), accumulates in plant tissues. Si accumulation has antiherbivore properties, is poorly understood how relate defense hormone signaling. Here we show that enrichment causes model grass Brachypodium distachyon lower levels JA induction attacked by chewing herbivores. Triggering this even at concentrations, however, prompts uptake (e.g., leaf hairs), negatively impact Removal hairs restored performance. Crucially, activation such Si-based herbivore-specific occurred response not fluid-feeding (aphid) This aligned with our meta-analysis 88 studies showed were more effective herbivores than fluid feeders. Our results suggest integration between herbivore a Si-accumulating plant, potentially allows avoid unnecessary other costly defenses.

Язык: Английский

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Maize Responses Challenged by Drought, Elevated Daytime Temperature and Arthropod Herbivory Stresses: A Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular View

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2021

Maize ( Zea mays L.) is one of the main cereals grown around world. It used for human and animal nutrition also as biofuel. However, a direct consequence global climate change, increased abiotic biotic stress events have been reported in different regions world, which become threat to world maize yields. Drought heat are environmental stresses that influence growth, development, yield processes crops. Plants developed dynamic responses at physiological, biochemical, molecular levels allow them escape, avoid and/or tolerate unfavorable conditions. Arthropod herbivory can generate resistance or tolerance plants associated with inducible constitutive defenses. Increases frequency severity (drought heat), critical variations plant-insect interactions. behavior herbivorous arthropods under drought scenarios not well understood, this kind may some positive negative effects on arthropod populations. The simultaneous appearance factors results very complex plant responses. In review, recent information provided combination drought, stress, effect pests interest crop.

Язык: Английский

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Integrated view of plant metabolic defense with particular focus on chewing herbivores

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 64(2), С. 449 - 475

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2021

Success of plants largely depends on their ability to defend against herbivores. Since emergence the first voracious consumers, maintained adapting structures and chemistry escape from extinction. The constant pressure was further accelerated by adaptation herbivores plant defenses, which all together sparked rise a chemical empire comprised thousands specialized metabolites currently found in plants. Metabolic diversity kingdom is truly amazing, although many have already been identified, large number potentially useful chemicals remain unexplored bio-resources. Similarly, biosynthetic routes for involve enzymes, some still wait identification biochemical characterization. Moreover, regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression enzyme activities metabolism are scarcely known. Finally, understanding how defense exert toxicity and/or repellency remains limited typical examples, such as proteinase inhibitors, cyanogenic compounds nicotine. In this review, we attempt summarizing current status quo metabolic predominantly based survey ubiquitous examples interactions with chewing

Язык: Английский

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Silicon Alters Leaf Surface Morphology and Suppresses Insect Herbivory in a Model Grass Species

Plants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(5), С. 643 - 643

Опубликована: Май 19, 2020

Grasses accumulate large amounts of silicon (Si) which is deposited in trichomes, specialised silica cells and cell walls. This may increase leaf toughness reduce rupture, palatability digestion. Few studies have measured mechanical traits response to Si, thus the effect Si on herbivores can be difficult disentangle from Si-induced changes surface morphology. We assessed effects Brachypodium distachyon (specific area (SLA), thickness, dry matter content (LDMC), relative electrolyte leakage (REL)) morphology (macrohairs, prickle, epidermal cells) determined growth two generalist insect (Helicoverpa armigera Acheta domesticus). had no traits; however, changed morphology: prickle were average 127% 36% larger supplemented plants, respectively. Prickle density was significantly reduced by while macrohair remained unchanged. Caterpillars more negatively affected compared crickets, possibly due latter having a thicker protective gut lining. Our data show that acts as direct defence against leaf-chewing insects changing structures without altering traits.

Язык: Английский

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Silicon-Mediated Enhancement of Herbivore Resistance in Agricultural Crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial mineral that enhances plant protection against abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect herbivores. Si increases mechanical biochemical defenses in variety of species. However, the use agriculture remains poorly adopted despite its widely documented benefits health. In this study, we tested effect supplementation on induction resistance chewing herbivore crops with differential ability to accumulate element. Our model system comprised generalist fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda three economically important species uptake silicon: tomato (non-Si accumulator), soybean, maize (Si-accumulators). We investigated effects supply herbivory physical defenses, growth using potted plants greenhouse conditions. Herbivory increased peroxidase (POX) activity trichome density tomato, concentration phenolics soybean. leaf all plants. Previous affected FAW larval weight gain tested, treatment further reduced larvae fed accumulator Notably, our results strongly suggest non-glandular trichomes are reservoirs may increase conclude offers transient more lasting maize. promising strategy management programs herbivores Si-accumulator

Язык: Английский

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Ecological Interactions, Environmental Gradients, and Gene Flow in Local Adaptation

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(8), С. 796 - 809

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Morphological characterization of trichomes shows enormous variation in shape, density and dimensions across the leaves of 14 Solanum species

AoB Plants, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6)

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2021

Abstract Trichomes are the epidermal appendages commonly observed on plant surfaces including leaves, stem and fruits. Plant trichomes have been well studied as a structural defence designed to protect plants against abiotic biotic stressors such UV rays, temperature extremities herbivores. primarily classified into glandular non-glandular trichomes, based presence or absence of head. The genus Solanum is largest family Solanaceae that houses ~3500 species ecological economic importance diverse set vary in density morphology. However, due incomplete contradictory classification system, subjective names largely limited be grouped types. Through this study, we did complete workup classify characterize both adaxial abaxial leaf surface 14 wild domesticated Solanum. Using electron microscopy, statistical analyses artistic rendition, examined finer details measured their dimensions compile detailed data which can use for estimating variation trichome types, density, with consequences understanding functional roles. Our study first its kind provides us better well-defined classification, dimension analysis morphological range members genus.

Язык: Английский

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Trichomes mediate plant–herbivore interactions in two Cucurbitaceae species through pre- and post-ingestive ways

Journal of Pest Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 96(3), С. 1077 - 1089

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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