Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
85, С. 101984 - 101984
Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2024
The
conditioned-intrusion
paradigm
was
designed
to
provide
insight
into
the
relationship
between
fear
conditioning
and
intrusive
memory
formation,
which
is
relevant
understanding
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
symptoms
treatment.
However,
boundary
conditions
of
this
new
have
not
been
explored
it
currently
known
whether
findings
from
work
are
valid
in
a
clinical
context.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023
Abstract
The
endocannabinoid
(ECB)
system
has
recently
been
considered
a
potential
treatment
target
for
various
clinical
disorders.
However,
research
around
age-
and
sex-related
changes
within
the
ECB
is
relatively
limited.
To
improve
our
understanding
of
these
changes,
current
study
measured
arachidonoyl
ethanolamide
(AEA),
2-arachidonoyl
glycerol
(2-AG),
oleoylethanolamine
(OEA),
palmitoylethanolamine
(PEA),
arachidonic
acid
(AA),
cortisol,
progesterone
in
pooled
serum
samples
stratified
by
sex
(male
female)
age
groups
(5–15;
15–30;
30–45;
45–60;
60–75;
85+),
using
liquid-chromatography
tandem
mass
spectrometry.
Serum
levels
significantly
increased
females
15–30
30–45
groups,
before
declining.
Significantly
higher
AEA,
2-AG,
OEA,
PEA
were
found
males
older
age,
while
AA
was
females.
Our
results
indicate
that
ECBs
related
hormones
exhibit
sexual
dimorphism
ranges
correspond
with
female
pregnancy,
menopause,
post
menopause.
Male
testosterone
most
likely
influences
male
throughout
lifespan.
Future
could
capitalise
on
findings
performing
repeated
measurements
individuals
longitudinal
style,
to
further
refine
temporal
profile
age-specific
identified
here.
Abstract
The
replicability
of
fear
conditioning
research
has
come
under
recent
scrutiny,
with
increasing
acknowledgment
that
the
use
differing
materials
and
methods
may
lead
to
incongruent
results.
Direct
comparisons
between
main
two
unconditional
stimuli
used
in
–
an
electric
shock
or
a
loud
scream—are
scarce,
yet
these
are
usually
interchangeably.
In
present
study,
we
tested
whether
scream,
shock,
unpredictable
combination
affected
acquisition,
extinction,
return
amongst
healthy
participants
(
N
=
109,
81
female).
We
also
collected
hair
samples
relationship
endocannabinoid
levels.
Our
findings
suggest
that,
although
subjective
ratings
pleasantness,
arousal,
anxiety
were
similar
regardless
used,
skin
conductance
responses
significantly
lower
for
paired
scream
compared
alone.
Further,
reducing
predictability
stimulus
reduced
habituation
during
acquisition
reacquisition,
but
did
not
produce
stronger
Exploratory
analyses
suggested
endocannabinoids
associated
overall
physiological
arousal
conditioning,
as
well
higher
threat
cue,
safety
cue.
These
have
multiple
implications
design
provide
first
evidence
association
levels
human
conditioning.
Mass Spectrometry Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Liquid
chromatography
paired
with
tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
is
the
gold
standard
in
measurement
of
endocannabinoid
concentrations
biomatrices.
We
conducted
a
systematic
review
literature
to
identify
advances
targeted
LC-MS/MS
methods
period
2017-2024.
found
that
for
quantification
are
relatively
consistent
both
across
time
and
Recent
have
primarily
been
three
areas:
(1)
sample
preparation
techniques,
specific
chosen
biomatrix;
(2)
range
biomatrices
tested,
recently
favoring
blood
matrices;
(3)
breadth
endocannabinoid-like
analytes
incorporated
into
assays.
This
provides
summary
recent
guide
researchers
looking
establish
best
quantifying
endocannabinoids
Abstract
Skin
conductance
is
a
commonly
used
physiological
measure
during
psychology
experiments,
such
as
fear
conditioning.
Methods
for
scoring
skin
responses
(SCRs)
are
highly
heterogeneous,
though
most
researchers
agree
that
manually
inspected
scores
provide
the
highest
quality
data
when
compared
to
available
fully
automated
methods.
However,
manual
extremely
time‐consuming.
We
developed
semi‐automated
program
reduces
time
required
process
SCR
at
level
of
akin
scoring.
In
contrast
all
previous
programs,
our
enables
first
interval
response
(FIR),
second
(SIR),
and
third
(TIR)
SCRs.
Using
interclass
correlation
coefficients
(ICCs),
Bland–Altman
plots
Pareto
analysis,
we
show
here
method
reliable
produces
almost
identical
scored
using
LEDALAB.
This
software
very
easy
use
freely
download
modify.
expect
this
will
be
helpful
in
reducing
produce
high
FIR,
SIR,
TIR
around
world.
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(11), С. 1093 - 1108
Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2023
Preclinical
and
experimental
research
have
provided
promising
evidence
that
medicinal
cannabis
may
be
efficacious
in
the
treatment
of
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD).
However,
implementation
into
routine
clinical
therapies
not
straightforward.In
this
review,
we
describe
some
clinical,
practical,
safety
challenges
must
addressed
for
cannabis-based
PTSD
to
feasible
a
real-world
setting.
These
issues
are
especially
prevalent
if
is
combined
with
trauma-focused
psychotherapy.Future
consideration
practical
considerations
use
therapy
will
essential
both
efficacy
protocols
being
developed.
include
dose
timing
titration,
potential
addiction,
product
formulation,
windows
intervention,
route
administration.
In
particular,
exposure
involves
recall
intense
emotions,
interaction
between
reliving
trauma
memories
explored
terms
patient
impact
on
therapeutic
outcomes.
