Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
increasingly
been
recognized
as
important
cell
surrogates
influencing
many
pathophysiological
processes,
including
cellular
homeostasis,
cancer
progression,
neurologic
disease,
and
infectious
disease.
These
behaviors
enable
EVs
broad
application
prospects
for
clinical
in
disease
diagnosis
treatment.
Many
studies
suggest
that
are
superior
to
conventional
synthetic
carriers
terms
of
drug
delivery
circulating
biomarkers
early
diagnosis,
opening
up
new
frontiers
modern
theranostics.
Despite
these
potential,
containing
diverse
components,
such
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
metabolites
highly
heterogeneous
small
size.
The
limitation
preparatory,
engineering
analytical
technologies
poses
technical
barriers
translation.
This
article
aims
at
present
a
critical
overview
emerging
field
biomedical
applications
challenges
involved
their
clinic
translations.
current
methods
isolation
identification
discussed.
Additionally,
strategies
developed
enhance
scalable
production
improved
cargo
loading
well
tumor
targeting
presented.
potential
EVs,
particularly
different
origins
the
next
generation
diagnostic
treatment
platforms,
clarified.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Март 29, 2023
Abstract
Mesenchymal
stem
cell-based
therapy
has
become
an
effective
therapeutic
approach
for
bone
regeneration.
However,
there
are
still
limitations
in
successful
clinical
translation.
Recently,
the
secretome
of
mesenchymal
cells,
especially
exosome,
plays
a
critical
role
promoting
repair
and
Exosomes
nanosized,
lipid
bilayer-enclosed
structures
carrying
proteins,
lipids,
RNAs,
metabolites,
growth
factors,
cytokines
have
attracted
great
attention
their
potential
application
regenerative
medicine.
In
addition,
preconditioning
parental
cells
exosome
engineering
can
enhance
exosomes
treating
defects.
Moreover,
with
recent
advancements
various
biomaterials
to
functions
exosomes,
biomaterial-assisted
promising
strategy
This
review
discusses
different
insights
regarding
roles
regeneration
summarizes
applications
as
safe
versatile
agent
delivery
platforms.
The
current
hurdles
transitioning
from
bench
bedside
also
discussed.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(18)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Abstract
Mitochondria,
widely
known
as
the
energy
factories
of
eukaryotic
cells,
have
a
myriad
vital
functions
across
diverse
cellular
processes.
Dysfunctions
within
mitochondria
serve
catalysts
for
various
diseases,
prompting
widespread
demise.
Mounting
research
on
remedying
damaged
indicates
that
constitute
valuable
target
therapeutic
intervention
against
diseases.
But
less
clinical
practice
and
lower
recovery
rate
imply
limitation
traditional
drugs,
which
need
further
breakthrough.
Nanotechnology
has
approached
favorable
regiospecific
biodistribution
high
efficacy
by
capitalizing
excellent
nanomaterials
targeting
drug
delivery.
Mitochondria‐remedying
nanodrugs
achieved
ideal
effects.
This
review
elucidates
significance
in
cells
organs,
while
also
compiling
mortality
data
related
Correspondingly,
nanodrug‐mediate
strategies
applicable
mitochondria‐remedying
disease
are
detailed,
with
full
understanding
roles
dysfunction
advantages
nanodrugs.
In
addition,
future
challenges
directions
discussed.
conclusion,
this
provides
comprehensive
insights
into
design
development
nanodrugs,
aiming
to
help
scientists
who
desire
extend
their
fields
engage
interdisciplinary
subject.
Periodontology 2000,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
94(1), С. 257 - 414
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Abstract
Exosomes
are
the
smallest
subset
of
extracellular
signaling
vesicles
secreted
by
most
cells
with
ability
to
communicate
other
tissues
and
cell
types
over
long
distances.
Their
use
in
regenerative
medicine
has
gained
tremendous
momentum
recently
due
their
be
utilized
as
therapeutic
options
for
a
wide
array
diseases/conditions.
Over
5000
publications
currently
being
published
yearly
on
this
topic,
number
is
only
expected
dramatically
increase
novel
strategies
continue
developed.
Today
exosomes
have
been
applied
numerous
contexts
including
neurodegenerative
disorders
(Alzheimer's
disease,
central
nervous
system,
depression,
multiple
sclerosis,
Parkinson's
post‐traumatic
stress
disorders,
traumatic
brain
injury,
peripheral
nerve
injury),
damaged
organs
(heart,
kidney,
liver,
stroke,
myocardial
infarctions,
ovaries),
degenerative
processes
(atherosclerosis,
diabetes,
hematology
musculoskeletal
degeneration,
osteoradionecrosis,
respiratory
disease),
infectious
diseases
(COVID‐19,
hepatitis),
procedures
(antiaging,
bone
regeneration,
cartilage/joint
osteoarthritis,
cutaneous
wounds,
dental
dermatology/skin
erectile
dysfunction,
hair
regrowth,
intervertebral
disc
repair,
spinal
cord
vascular
regeneration),
cancer
therapy
(breast,
colorectal,
gastric
osteosarcomas),
immune
function
(allergy,
autoimmune
regulation,
inflammatory
diseases,
lupus,
rheumatoid
arthritis).
This
scoping
review
first
its
kind
aimed
at
summarizing
extensive
potential
broad
range
disorders.
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18(4), С. 2782 - 2799
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024
Immune
regulation
therapies
are
considered
promising
for
treating
classically
activated
macrophage
(M1)-driven
viral
myocarditis
(VM).
Alternatively,
(M2)-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(M2
EVs)
have
great
immunomodulatory
potential
owing
to
their
ability
reprogram
macrophages,
but
therapeutic
efficacy
is
hampered
by
insufficient
targeting
capacity
in
vivo.
Therefore,
we
developed
cardiac-targeting
peptide
(CTP)
and
platelet
membrane
(PM)-engineered
M2
EVs
enriched
with
inflammatory
protein-II
(vMIP-II),
termed
CTP/PM-M2
EVsvMIP-II-Lamp2b,
improve
the
delivery
of
"cargo"
heart
tissues.
In
a
mouse
model
VM,
intravenously
injected
EVsvMIP-II-Lamp2b
could
be
carried
into
myocardium
via
CTP,
PM,
vMIP-II.
microenvironment,
macrophages
differentiated
from
circulating
monocytes
residing
showed
enhanced
endocytosis
rates
EVsvMIP-II-Lamp2b.
Subsequently,
successfully
released
functional
cytosol,
which
facilitated
reprogramming
M1
reparative
macrophages.
vMIP-II
not
only
helps
increase
also
collaborates
regulate
microenvironment
downregulate
levels
multiple
chemokine
receptors.
Finally,
cardiac
immune
was
protectively
regulated
achieve
repair.
Taken
together,
our
findings
suggest
that
CTP-and-PM-engineered
represent
an
effective
means
VM
show
promise
clinical
applications.
Journal of Pineal Research,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
71(4)
Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2021
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
devastating
trauma
that
leads
to
irreversible
motor
and
sensory
dysfunction
is,
so
far,
without
effective
treatment.
Recently,
however,
nano-sized
extracellular
vesicles
derived
from
preconditioned
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
have
shown
great
promise
in
treating
various
diseases,
including
SCI.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
whether
(MEVs)
MSCs
pretreated
with
melatonin
(MT),
which
well
recognized
be
useful
Alzheimer's
disease,
non-small
cell
lung
cancer,
acute
ischemia-reperfusion
liver
injury,
chronic
kidney
SCI,
are
better
able
promote
functional
recovery
mice
after
SCI
than
preconditioning
(EVs).
MEVs
were
found
facilitate
behavioral
more
EVs
increase
microglia/macrophages
polarization
M1-like
M2-like
mice.
Experiments
BV2
microglia
RAW264.7
macrophages
confirmed
also
showed
they
reduce
the
production
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
regulate
mitochondrial
function.
Proteomics
analysis
revealed
ubiquitin-specific
protease
29
(USP29)
was
markedly
increased
MEVs,
knockdown
USP29
(shUSP29-MEVs)
abolished
MEVs-mediated
benefits
vitro
vivo.
We
then
interacts
with,
deubiquitinates
therefore
stabilizes
nuclear
factor-like
2
(NRF2),
thereby
regulating
polarization.
NRF2
knockout
mice,
failed
MT
reduced
global
N6-methyladenosine
(m6
A)
modification
levels
m6
A
"writer"
methyltransferase-like
3
(METTL3).
The
stability
mRNA
enhanced
by
treatment
MT,
but
inhibited
overexpression
METTL3.
This
study
describes
very
promising
vesicle-based
approach
for
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
Volume 16, С. 3357 - 3383
Опубликована: Май 1, 2021
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
heterogeneous
group
of
membrane-limited
and
multi-signal
messengers
loaded
with
biomolecules.
Exosomes
ectosomes
two
different
types
EVs
generated
by
all
cell
types.
Their
formation
depends
on
local
microdomains
assembled
in
endocytic
membranes
for
exosomes
the
plasma
membrane
ectosomes.
Further,
EV
release
is
fundamental
process
required
intercellular
communication
both
normal
physiology
pathological
conditions
to
transmit/exchange
bioactive
molecules
recipient
cells
extracellular
environment.
The
unique
structure
composition
enable
them
serve
as
natural
nanocarriers,
their
physicochemical
properties
biological
functions
can
be
used
develop
next-generation
nano
precision
medicine.
Knowledge
cellular
processes
that
govern
biology
trafficking
essential
clinical
applications.
However,
this
rapidly
expanding
field,
much
remains
unknown
regarding
origin,
biogenesis,
cargo
sorting,
secretion,
well
EV-based
theranostic
platform
generation.
Hence,
we
present
comprehensive
overview
recent
advances
trafficking,
EVs,
highlighting
impact
nanoparticles
oxidative
stress
biogenesis
finally
emphasizing
role
nanotherapeutic
agents.
Biomacromolecules,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(8), С. 3149 - 3167
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2021
The
application
of
nanoparticles
in
the
diagnosis
and
treatment
diseases
has
undergone
different
developmental
stages,
but
phagocytosis
nonspecific
distribution
have
been
main
factors
restricting
transformation
nanobased
drugs
into
clinical
practice.
In
past
decade,
design
membrane-coated
gained
increasing
attention.
It
is
hoped
that
combination
cell
membrane's
natural
biological
properties
functional
integration
synthetic
nanoparticle
systems
can
compensate
for
shortage
traditional
nanoparticles.
membrane
coating
gives
unique
functions
such
as
immune
evasion
targeting
capability.
However,
when
encapsulation
monotypic
membranes
does
not
meet
diverse
demands
biomedicine,
may
offer
more
possibilities.
this
review,
composition,
preparation,
advantages
biomimetic
coated
with
hybrid
are
summarized,
applications
(HM@BNPs)
drug
delivery,
phototherapy,
liquid
biopsy,
tumor
vaccines,
therapy,
detoxification
reviewed.
Finally,
current
challenges
opportunities
regard
to
HM@BNPs
discussed.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
32(10), С. 2467 - 2483
Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2021
Significance
Statement
AKI
is
a
frequent
clinical
problem
without
definitive
therapies.
We
developed
an
efficient
RNAi
therapy
against
by
engineering
red
blood
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(REVs)
with
targeting
peptides
and
therapeutic
siRNAs.
REVs
targeted
Kim-1–binding
peptide
LTH
efficiently
delivered
P65
Snai1
siRNAs
to
the
injured
tubules,
leading
reduced
expression
of
P-p65
Snai1.
Dual
suppression
inhibited
renal
inflammation
fibrosis
in
mice
subjected
ischemia/reperfusion
injury
unilateral
ureteral
obstruction,
blunted
chronic
progression
ischemic
AKI.
This
study
provides
platform,
REV
LTH,
for
delivery
therapeutics
into
tubular
cells,
suggests
viability
as
avenue
Background
significant
public
health
high
morbidity
mortality.
Unfortunately,
no
treatment
available
RNA
interference
(RNAi)
new
potent
method
gene
tackle
this
issue.
Methods
engineered
cell–derived
treat
experimental
mouse
model
after
(I/R)
obstruction
(UUO).
Phage
display
identified
that
bind
kidney
molecule-1
(Kim-1).
RNA-sequencing
(RNA-seq)
characterized
transcriptome
explore
potential
targets.
Results
(REV
)
homed
accumulated
at
tubules
I/R
injury.
transcription
factors
drive
Taking
advantage
established
,
were
consequently
blocked
tubules.
Moreover,
dual
significantly
improved
I/R-
UUO-induced
alleviating
tubulointerstitial
fibrosis,
potently
abrogated
transition
CKD.
Conclusions
A
vesicle
platform
Kim-1
acutely
