Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 232(3), С. 1123 - 1158

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2020

Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we still only beginning to explore complex relationships between root traits functions. Drawing literature in physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy soil science, reviewed 24 aspects functioning their with a number system traits, including architecture, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics biotic interactions. Based this assessment, critically evaluated current strengths gaps our knowledge, identify future research challenges field ecology. Most importantly, found that broadest importance not those most commonly measured. Also, estimation trait relative for requires us consider more comprehensive range functionally relevant from diverse species, across environments over time series. We also advocate establishing causal hierarchical links among will provide hypothesis‐based framework parsimonious sets strongest functions, link genotypes

Язык: Английский

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Plant–microbiome interactions under a changing world: responses, consequences and perspectives

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(6), С. 1951 - 1959

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Summary Climate change is increasing global temperatures and the frequency severity of droughts in many regions. These anthropogenic stresses pose a significant threat to plant performance crop production. The plant‐associated microbiome modulates impacts biotic abiotic on fitness. However, climate change‐induced alteration composition activities microbiomes can affect host functions. Here, we highlight recent advancements our understanding impact (warming drought) plant–microbiome interactions their ecological functions from genome ecosystem scales. We identify knowledge gaps, propose new concepts make recommendations for future research directions. It proposed that short term (years decades), adaptation plants mainly driven by microbiome, whereas long (century millennia), will be equally eco‐evolutionary between its host. A better response ways which mitigate negative inform predictions primary productivity aid developing management policy tools improve resilience systems.

Язык: Английский

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An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 232(1), С. 42 - 59

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Язык: Английский

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Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 597(7878), С. 683 - 687

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 233(4), С. 1620 - 1635

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2021

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions morphology mycorrhizal symbioses. However, exudation, with significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% total photosynthetically fixed C) enhance resource acquisition, remains missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating exudation into the structure RES key holistic understanding soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight different functional roles exudates phosphorus (P) nitrogen (N) Thereafter, synthesize emerging evidence illustrates how interacts symbioses at level species individual plant contrasting patterns evolved P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, propose new conceptual framework, integrating three groups traits better capture complexity Such deeper integrated dynamic morphology, will provide valuable insights mechanisms underlying coexistence for sustainable managed systems.

Язык: Английский

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Root exudation as a major competitive fine‐root functional trait of 18 coexisting species in a subtropical forest

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(1), С. 259 - 271

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

Summary Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to plants. It remains difficult measure predict this carbon flux in natural conditions, especially for mature woody Based on a known conceptual framework of root functional traits coordination, we proposed that may exudation. We measured other seven morphological/chemical/physiological 18 coexisting species deciduous‐evergreen mixed forest subtropical China. exudation, respiration, diameter nitrogen (N) concentration all exhibited significant phylogenetic signals. found positively correlated with competitive (root N concentration) negatively conservative trait tissue density). Furthermore, these relationships were independent A principal component analysis showed morphological loaded two perpendicular axes. is multidimensional fine‐root coordination. The metabolic dimension which was relatively the dimension, indicating increasing by might be complementary strategy plant acquisition. positive relationship between respiration promising approach future prediction

Язык: Английский

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Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(13)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2021

Among plants and vertebrates, extinction risk is universally higher for the largest species with slower paces of life.

Язык: Английский

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Functional trait effects on ecosystem stability: assembling the jigsaw puzzle

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(9), С. 822 - 836

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Root traits explain rhizosphere fungal community composition among temperate grassland plant species

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(3), С. 1492 - 1507

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2020

Summary While it is known that interactions between plants and soil fungi drive many essential ecosystem functions, considerable uncertainty exists over the drivers of fungal community composition in rhizosphere. Here, we examined roles plant species identity, phylogeny functional traits shaping rhizosphere communities tested robustness these relationships to environmental change. We conducted a glasshouse experiment consisting 21 temperate grassland grown under three different treatments characterised within plants. found phylogenetic relatedness all affected composition. Trait with were primarily driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root stronger predictors than leaf traits. These patterns independent under. Our results showcase key role traits, especially diameter, nitrogen specific length, driving composition, demonstrating potential for be used predictive frameworks plant–fungal relationships. Furthermore, highlight how limitations our understanding function may obscure previously unmeasured interactions.

Язык: Английский

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The Costs and Benefits of Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Interactions

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73(1), С. 649 - 672

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2022

The symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is often perceived as beneficial for both partners, though a large ecological literature highlights the context dependency of this interaction. Changes in abiotic variables, such nutrient availability, can drive along mutualism-parasitism continuum with variable outcomes plant growth fitness. However, AM benefit more ways than improved phosphorus nutrition growth. For example, promote biotic stress tolerance even when considered parasitic from provision perspective. Other being obligate biotrophs, very little known about benefits gain plants. In review, we utilize molecular biology approaches to expand our understanding plant-AM fungal across disciplines.

Язык: Английский

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