Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53(7), С. 3485 - 3535
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Soft
actuators
are
gaining
significant
attention
due
to
their
ability
provide
realistic
tactile
sensations
in
various
applications.
However,
soft
nature
makes
them
vulnerable
damage
from
external
factors,
limiting
actuation
stability
and
device
lifespan.
The
susceptibility
becomes
higher
with
these
often
direct
contact
surroundings
generate
feedback.
Upon
onset
of
damage,
the
or
repeatability
will
be
undermined.
Eventually,
when
complete
failure
occurs,
disposed
of,
accumulating
waste
driving
consumption
natural
resources.
This
emphasizes
need
enhance
durability
for
continued
operation.
review
presents
principles
feedback
actuators,
followed
by
a
discussion
mechanisms,
advancements,
challenges
faced
realize
high
performance,
categorized
stimuli.
Diverse
approaches
achieve
evaluated,
including
self-healing,
resistance,
self-cleaning,
temperature
actuators.
In
sections,
current
potential
material
designs
identified,
paving
way
developing
durable
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(4), С. 1535 - 1648
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024
Over
the
years,
researchers
have
made
significant
strides
in
development
of
novel
flexible/stretchable
and
conductive
materials,
enabling
creation
cutting-edge
electronic
devices
for
wearable
applications.
Among
these,
porous
textiles
(PCTs)
emerged
as
an
ideal
material
platform
electronics,
owing
to
their
light
weight,
flexibility,
permeability,
wearing
comfort.
This
Review
aims
present
a
comprehensive
overview
progress
state
art
utilizing
PCTs
design
fabrication
wide
variety
integrated
systems.
To
begin
with,
we
elucidate
how
revolutionize
form
factors
electronics.
We
then
discuss
preparation
strategies
PCTs,
terms
raw
processes,
key
properties.
Afterward,
provide
detailed
illustrations
are
used
basic
building
blocks
fabricate
intrinsically
flexible
or
stretchable
devices,
including
sensors,
actuators,
therapeutic
energy-harvesting
storage
displays.
further
describe
techniques
systems
either
by
hybridizing
conventional
off-the-shelf
rigid
components
with
integrating
multiple
fibrous
PCTs.
Subsequently,
highlight
some
important
application
scenarios
healthcare,
sports
training,
converging
technologies,
professional
specialists.
At
end
Review,
challenges
perspectives
on
future
research
directions
give
overall
conclusions.
As
demand
more
personalized
interconnected
continues
grow,
PCT-based
wearables
hold
immense
potential
redefine
landscape
technology
reshape
way
live,
work,
play.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(4), С. 1464 - 1534
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
Haptic
human-machine
interfaces
(HHMIs)
combine
tactile
sensation
and
haptic
feedback
to
allow
humans
interact
closely
with
machines
robots,
providing
immersive
experiences
convenient
lifestyles.
Significant
progress
has
been
made
in
developing
wearable
sensors
that
accurately
detect
physical
electrophysiological
stimuli
improved
softness,
functionality,
reliability,
selectivity.
In
addition,
soft
actuating
systems
have
developed
provide
high-quality
by
precisely
controlling
force,
displacement,
frequency,
spatial
resolution.
this
Review,
we
discuss
the
latest
technological
advances
of
actuators
for
demonstration
HHMIs.
We
particularly
focus
on
highlighting
material
structural
approaches
enable
desired
sensing
properties
necessary
effective
Furthermore,
promising
practical
applications
current
HHMI
technology
various
areas
such
as
metaverse,
robotics,
user-interactive
devices
are
discussed
detail.
Finally,
Review
further
concludes
discussing
outlook
next-generation
technology.
The
recent
exponential
growth
of
metaverse
technology
has
been
instrumental
in
reshaping
a
myriad
sectors,
not
least
digital
healthcare.
This
comprehensive
review
critically
examines
the
landscape
and
future
applications
wearables
toward
immersive
key
technologies
advancements
that
have
spearheaded
metamorphosis
are
categorized,
encapsulating
all-encompassed
extended
reality,
such
as
virtual
augmented
mixed
other
haptic
feedback
systems.
Moreover,
fundamentals
their
deployment
assistive
healthcare
(especially
for
rehabilitation),
medical
nursing
education,
remote
patient
management
treatment
investigated.
potential
benefits
integrating
into
paradigms
multifold,
encompassing
improved
prognosis,
enhanced
accessibility
to
high-quality
care,
high
standards
practitioner
instruction.
Nevertheless,
these
without
inherent
challenges
untapped
opportunities,
which
span
privacy
protection,
data
safeguarding,
innovation
artificial
intelligence.
In
summary,
research
trajectories
circumvent
hurdles
also
discussed,
further
augmenting
incorporation
within
infrastructures
post-pandemic
era.
Abstract
Conductive
microfibers
play
a
significant
role
in
the
flexibility,
stretchability,
and
conductivity
of
electronic
skin
(e‐skin).
Currently,
fabrication
conductive
suffers
from
either
time‐consuming
complex
operations
or
is
limited
environments.
Thus,
it
presents
one‐step
method
to
prepare
hydrogel
based
on
microfluidics
for
construction
ultrastretchable
e‐skin.
The
are
achieved
with
MXene
cores
shells,
which
solidified
covalent
cross‐linking
between
sodium
alginate
calcium
chloride,
mechanically
enhanced
by
complexation
reaction
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
hydroxide.
microfiber
conductivities
tailorable
adjusting
flow
rate
concentration
core
shell
fluids,
essential
more
practical
applications
scenarios.
More
importantly,
patterned
e‐skin
can
be
constructed
combining
3D
printing
technology.
Because
great
advantages
mechanical
electrical
performance
microfibers,
shows
impressive
stretching
sensitivity,
also
demonstrate
attractive
application
values
motion
monitoring
gesture
recognition.
These
characteristics
indicate
that
has
potential
health
monitoring,
wearable
devices,
smart
medicine.
Materials Today Bio,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25, С. 101014 - 101014
Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024
Traditional
hydrogel
design
and
optimization
methods
usually
rely
on
repeated
experiments,
which
is
time-consuming
expensive,
resulting
in
a
slow-moving
of
advanced
development.
With
the
rapid
development
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
technology
increasing
material
data,
AI-energized
hydrogels
for
biomedical
applications
has
emerged
as
revolutionary
breakthrough
materials
science.
This
review
begins
by
outlining
history
AI
potential
advantages
using
hydrogels,
such
prediction
properties,
multi-attribute
optimization,
high-throughput
screening,
automated
discovery,
optimizing
experimental
design,
etc.
Then,
we
focus
various
supported
biomedicine,
including
drug
delivery,
bio-inks
manufacturing,
tissue
repair,
biosensors,
so
to
provide
clear
comprehensive
understanding
researchers
this
field.
Finally,
discuss
future
directions
prospects,
new
perspective
research
novel
applications.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024
Abstract
Human-machine
interfaces
for
capturing,
conveying,
and
sharing
tactile
information
across
time
space
hold
immense
potential
healthcare,
augmented
virtual
reality,
human-robot
collaboration,
skill
development.
To
realize
this
potential,
such
should
be
wearable,
unobtrusive,
scalable
regarding
both
resolution
body
coverage.
Taking
a
step
towards
vision,
we
present
textile-based
wearable
human-machine
interface
with
integrated
sensors
vibrotactile
haptic
actuators
that
are
digitally
designed
rapidly
fabricated.
We
leverage
digital
embroidery
machine
to
seamlessly
embed
piezoresistive
force
arrays
of
into
textiles
in
customizable,
scalable,
modular
manner.
use
process
create
gloves
can
record,
reproduce,
transfer
interactions.
User
studies
investigate
how
people
perceive
the
sensations
reproduced
by
our
actuators.
improve
effectiveness
interaction
transfer,
develop
machine-learning
pipeline
adaptively
models
each
individual
user
reacts
then
optimizes
feedback
parameters.
Our
showcases
adaptive
through
implementation
three
end-to-end
systems:
alleviating
occlusion,
guiding
perform
physical
skills,
enabling
responsive
robot
teleoperation.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(17), С. 9899 - 9948
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024
Electronic
skins
(e-skins)
have
seen
intense
research
and
rapid
development
in
the
past
two
decades.
To
mimic
capabilities
of
human
skin,
a
multitude
flexible/stretchable
sensors
that
detect
physiological
environmental
signals
been
designed
integrated
into
functional
systems.
Recently,
researchers
increasingly
deployed
machine
learning
other
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
technologies
to
neural
system
for
processing
analysis
sensory
data
collected
by
e-skins.
Integrating
AI
has
potential
enable
advanced
applications
robotics,
healthcare,
human–machine
interfaces
but
also
presents
challenges
such
as
diversity
model
robustness.
In
this
review,
we
first
summarize
functions
features
e-skins,
followed
feature
extraction
different
models.
Next,
discuss
utilization
design
e-skin
address
key
topic
implementation
e-skins
accomplish
range
tasks.
Subsequently,
explore
hardware-layer
in-skin
before
concluding
with
an
opportunities
various
aspects
AI-enabled
Miniaturized
mobile
electronic
system
is
an
effective
candidate
for
in
situ
exploration
of
confined
spaces.
However,
realizing
such
still
faces
challenges
powering
issue,
untethered
mobility,
wireless
data
acquisition,
sensing
versatility,
and
integration
small
scales.
Here,
we
report
a
battery-free,
wireless,
miniaturized
soft
electromagnetic
swimmer
(SES)
that
achieves
multiple
monitoring
capability
water
environments.
Through
radio
frequency
powering,
the
battery-free
SES
demonstrates
motions
spaces
with
considerable
moving
speed
under
resonance.
This
adopts
technologies
to
integrate
thin
multifunctional
bio/chemical
sensors
acquisition
module,
performs
real-time
quality
virus
contamination
detection
demonstrated
promising
limits
high
sensitivity.
All
are
transmitted
synchronously
displayed
on
smartphone
graphical
user
interface
via
near-field
communication.
Overall,
this
smart
broad
potential
space
exploration,
ranging
from
pathogen
pollution
investigation.
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18(17), С. 11183 - 11192
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024
E-skins,
capable
of
responding
to
mechanical
stimuli,
hold
significant
potential
in
the
field
robot
haptics.
However,
it
is
a
challenge
obtain
e-skins
with
both
high
sensitivity
and
stability.
Here,
we
present
bioinspired
piezoresistive
sensor
hierarchical
structures
based
on
polyaniline/polystyrene
core–shell
nanoparticles
polymerized
air-laid
paper.
The
combination
laser-etched
reusable
templates
sensitive
materials
that
can
be
rapidly
synthesized
enables
large-scale
production.
Benefiting
from
substantially
enlarged
deformation
structure,
developed
electronics
exhibit
decent
21.67
kPa–1
subtle
detection
limit
3.4
Pa.
Moreover,
an
isolation
layer
introduced
enhance
interface
stability
e-skin,
fracture
66.34
N/m.
Furthermore,
e-skin
seamlessly
integrated
onto
gloves
without
any
detachment
issues.
With
assistance
deep
learning,
achieves
98%
accuracy
rate
object
recognition.
We
anticipate
this
strategy
will
render
more
robust
interfaces
heightened
sensing
capabilities,
offering
favorable
pathway
for
Distributed
micro-energy
harvesting
devices
offer
the
flexibility,
sustainability,
and
multi-scenario
applicability
that
will
be
critical
to
wearable
electronic
products
in
Internet
of
Things.
The
radiofrequency
triboelectric
(RF-TE)
hybrid
energy
harvester
(HEH)
concept
prototype
is
presented
for
first
time,
simultaneously
capture
from
ambient
electromagnetic
waves
biological
motions.
proposed
system
consists
a
rectenna,
nanogenerator
(TENG),
power
management
circuit
(PMC).
Among
them,
all-fabric
rectenna
exhibits
good
impedance
matching
characteristics
ISM
frequency.
flexible
TENG
unit
can
generate
maximum
density
0.024
µW
cm
