Coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Nature, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 546(7656), С. 82 - 90

Опубликована: Май 30, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Rewilding complex ecosystems

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 364(6438)

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2019

The practice of rewilding has been both promoted and criticized in recent years. Benefits include flexibility to react environmental change the promotion opportunities for society reconnect with nature. Criticisms lack a clear conceptualization rewilding, insufficient knowledge about possible outcomes, perception that excludes people from landscapes. Here, we present framework addresses these concerns. We suggest efforts should target trophic complexity, natural disturbances, dispersal as interacting processes can improve ecosystem resilience maintain biodiversity. propose structured approach projects includes assessment contributions nature social-ecological constraints on restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 370(6519)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2020

Fire's growing impacts on ecosystems Fire has played a prominent role in the evolution of biodiversity and is natural factor shaping many ecological communities. However, incidence fire been exacerbated by human activity, this now affecting habitats that have never prone or adapted. Kelly et al. review how such changes are already threatening species with extinction transforming terrestrial discuss trends causing regimes. They also consider actions could be taken conservationists policy-makers to help sustain time changing activity. Science , issue p. eabb0355

Язык: Английский

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Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2020

Abstract Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract change. We analyze 161 long-term biological series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. test whether (i) consistent among biogeoregions, realms taxonomic groups, (ii) changes in correlate with regional climate conditions. Our results reveal that of abundance, richness diversity differ demonstrating at scale often complex cannot easily generalized. However, we find increases abundance increasing temperature naturalness well clear spatial pattern community composition (i.e. temporal turnover) most biogeoregions Northern Eastern Europe.

Язык: Английский

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The Neotoma Paleoecology Database, a multiproxy, international, community-curated data resource

Quaternary Research, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 89(1), С. 156 - 177

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Abstract The Neotoma Paleoecology Database is a community-curated data resource that supports interdisciplinary global change research by enabling broad-scale studies of taxon and community diversity, distributions, dynamics during the large environmental changes past. By consolidating many kinds into common repository, lowers costs paleodata management, makes paleoecological openly available, offers high-quality, curated resource. Neotoma’s distributed scientific governance model flexible scalable, with open pathways for participation new members, contributors, stewards, communities. supports, or can be extended to support, any kind paleoenvironmental from sedimentary archives. Data additions are growing now include >3.8 million observations, >17,000 datasets, >9200 sites. Dataset types currently fossil pollen, vertebrates, diatoms, ostracodes, macroinvertebrates, plant macrofossils, insects, testate amoebae, geochronological data, recently added organic biomarkers, stable isotopes, specimen-level data. Multiple avenues exist obtain including Explorer map-based interface, an application programming neotoma R package, digital object identifiers. As volume variety grow, resources such as have become foundational infrastructure big science.

Язык: Английский

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Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Anthropocene Series: Where and how to look for potential candidates

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 178, С. 379 - 429

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Using paleo-archives to safeguard biodiversity under climate change

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 369(6507)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2020

Using the past to inform future The late Quaternary paleorecord, within ∼130,000 years, can help present-day management of Earth's ecosystems and biota under climate change. Fordham et al. review when where rapid transitions be found in paleoclimate record. They show how such events history shape our understanding consequences global warming, including rates biodiversity loss, changes ecosystem structure function, degradation goods services that these provide humanity. also highlight recent developments at intersection paleoecology, paleoclimatology, macroecology opportunities anticipate manage responses species changing climates Anthropocene. Science , this issue p. eabc5654

Язык: Английский

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Contributions of Quaternary botany to modern ecology and biogeography

Plant Ecology & Diversity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(3-4), С. 189 - 385

Опубликована: Май 4, 2019

Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils (e.g. tree stumps), macrofossils seeds, leaves), and microfossils pollen, spores) preserved in peat bogs lake sediments. Although have been studied since the late eighteenth century, today is largely dominated by pollen analysis.Quaternary analysis just over 100 years old. It started primarily as a geological tool for correlation, relative dating, climate reconstruction. In 1950 major advance occurred with publication Knut Fægri Johs Iversen of their Text-book Modern Pollen Analysis which provided foundations botanical ecological past dynamics biota biotic systems. The development radiocarbon dating 1950s freed from being dating. As result these developments, became valuable implement long-term ecology biogeography.Selected contributions that has made to biogeography are reviewed. They fall into four general parts: (1) aspects interglacial glacial stages such location nature glacial-stage refugia soil glaciated unglaciated areas; (2) responses environmental change (spreading, extinction, persistence, adaptation); (3) topics potential niches, vegetation, forest dynamics; (4) its application human impact tropical systems, conservation changing world, island palaeoecology, plant–animal interactions, biodiversity patterns time.The future briefly discussed 10 suggestions presented help strengthen it links biogeography. much contribute when used conjunction new approaches ancient-DNA, molecular biomarkers, multi-proxy palaeoecology.

Язык: Английский

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Being John Harper: Using evolutionary ideas to improve understanding of global patterns in plant traits

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 106(1), С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2017

Abstract This review summarizes current understanding of five key plant traits: seed mass, height, wood density, leaf mass per unit area and size, emphasizing ways in which our large‐scale patterns traits have improved over the last two decades. Notable advances include: (1) large‐seeded species greater dispersal distances than do small‐seeded species, (2) is not strongly or consistently related to outside economics spectrum, broad gradients environmental conditions, (3) fleshy fruit could first evolved for dispersal, as appeared millions years before potential dispersers. While quantifying has yielded many important discoveries, it clear that next major leap will come from simply including ever more variables analyses. I suggest we build upon Harper's “Darwinian approach ecology” apply evolutionary ideas trait ecology. For example, impacts on lifetime fitness rather particular stages regeneration can allow us understand coordination between seemingly disparate traits. use this bring height together integrated parts a species’ life‐history spectrum. then point out problems associated with implicit assumption selection acts mean values show how considering way improve effects climate A goal future quantify full suite biotic abiotic factors shape strategy complex, real‐world situations. Synthesis . Enormous data availability powerful computational statistical tools given ecologists unprecedented power However, there limit far big alone take us. The time ripe new generation hypotheses ecological theory built strong foundations. Let creativity begin!

Язык: Английский

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Cracking the Code of Biodiversity Responses to Past Climate Change

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 33(10), С. 765 - 776

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2018

Язык: Английский

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