Environmental Conservation,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
44(3), P. 286 - 297
Published: April 11, 2017
SUMMARY
In
the
face
of
environmental
uncertainty
due
to
anthropogenic
climate
change,
islands
are
at
front
lines
global
threatened
by
sea
level
rise,
habitat
alteration,
extinctions
and
declining
biodiversity.
Islands
also
stand
forefront
scientific
study
for
understanding
deep
history
human
ecodynamics
build
sustainable
future
systems.
We
summarize
long
interactions
with
Polynesian,
Mediterranean,
Californian
Caribbean
island
ecosystems,
documenting
effects
various
waves
settlement
socioeconomic
systems,
from
hunter–gatherer–fishers,
agriculturalists,
globalized
colonial
interests.
identify
degradation
environments
resulting
activities,
as
well
cases
management
resources
enhance
productivity
create
more
These
case
studies
suggest
that
within
a
general
pattern
progressive
degradation,
there
was
no
single
trajectory
impact,
but
rather
complex
based
on
variable
physiographies,
subsistence
strategies,
population
densities,
technologies,
sociopolitical
organization
decision-making.
Science,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
364(6438)
Published: April 25, 2019
The
practice
of
rewilding
has
been
both
promoted
and
criticized
in
recent
years.
Benefits
include
flexibility
to
react
environmental
change
the
promotion
opportunities
for
society
reconnect
with
nature.
Criticisms
lack
a
clear
conceptualization
rewilding,
insufficient
knowledge
about
possible
outcomes,
perception
that
excludes
people
from
landscapes.
Here,
we
present
framework
addresses
these
concerns.
We
suggest
efforts
should
target
trophic
complexity,
natural
disturbances,
dispersal
as
interacting
processes
can
improve
ecosystem
resilience
maintain
biodiversity.
propose
structured
approach
projects
includes
assessment
contributions
nature
social-ecological
constraints
on
restoration.
Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
370(6519)
Published: Nov. 20, 2020
Fire's
growing
impacts
on
ecosystems
Fire
has
played
a
prominent
role
in
the
evolution
of
biodiversity
and
is
natural
factor
shaping
many
ecological
communities.
However,
incidence
fire
been
exacerbated
by
human
activity,
this
now
affecting
habitats
that
have
never
prone
or
adapted.
Kelly
et
al.
review
how
such
changes
are
already
threatening
species
with
extinction
transforming
terrestrial
discuss
trends
causing
regimes.
They
also
consider
actions
could
be
taken
conservationists
policy-makers
to
help
sustain
time
changing
activity.
Science
,
issue
p.
eabb0355
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: July 13, 2020
Abstract
Local
biodiversity
trends
over
time
are
likely
to
be
decoupled
from
global
trends,
as
local
processes
may
compensate
or
counteract
change.
We
analyze
161
long-term
biological
series
(15–91
years)
collected
across
Europe,
using
a
comprehensive
dataset
comprising
~6,200
marine,
freshwater
and
terrestrial
taxa.
test
whether
(i)
consistent
among
biogeoregions,
realms
taxonomic
groups,
(ii)
changes
in
correlate
with
regional
climate
conditions.
Our
results
reveal
that
of
abundance,
richness
diversity
differ
demonstrating
at
scale
often
complex
cannot
easily
generalized.
However,
we
find
increases
abundance
increasing
temperature
naturalness
well
clear
spatial
pattern
community
composition
(i.e.
temporal
turnover)
most
biogeoregions
Northern
Eastern
Europe.
Quaternary Research,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
89(1), P. 156 - 177
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Abstract
The
Neotoma
Paleoecology
Database
is
a
community-curated
data
resource
that
supports
interdisciplinary
global
change
research
by
enabling
broad-scale
studies
of
taxon
and
community
diversity,
distributions,
dynamics
during
the
large
environmental
changes
past.
By
consolidating
many
kinds
into
common
repository,
lowers
costs
paleodata
management,
makes
paleoecological
openly
available,
offers
high-quality,
curated
resource.
Neotoma’s
distributed
scientific
governance
model
flexible
scalable,
with
open
pathways
for
participation
new
members,
contributors,
stewards,
communities.
supports,
or
can
be
extended
to
support,
any
kind
paleoenvironmental
from
sedimentary
archives.
Data
additions
are
growing
now
include
>3.8
million
observations,
>17,000
datasets,
>9200
sites.
Dataset
types
currently
fossil
pollen,
vertebrates,
diatoms,
ostracodes,
macroinvertebrates,
plant
macrofossils,
insects,
testate
amoebae,
geochronological
data,
recently
added
organic
biomarkers,
stable
isotopes,
specimen-level
data.
Multiple
avenues
exist
obtain
including
Explorer
map-based
interface,
an
application
programming
neotoma
R
package,
digital
object
identifiers.
As
volume
variety
grow,
resources
such
as
have
become
foundational
infrastructure
big
science.
Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
369(6507)
Published: Aug. 28, 2020
Using
the
past
to
inform
future
The
late
Quaternary
paleorecord,
within
∼130,000
years,
can
help
present-day
management
of
Earth's
ecosystems
and
biota
under
climate
change.
Fordham
et
al.
review
when
where
rapid
transitions
be
found
in
paleoclimate
record.
They
show
how
such
events
history
shape
our
understanding
consequences
global
warming,
including
rates
biodiversity
loss,
changes
ecosystem
structure
function,
degradation
goods
services
that
these
provide
humanity.
also
highlight
recent
developments
at
intersection
paleoecology,
paleoclimatology,
macroecology
opportunities
anticipate
manage
responses
species
changing
climates
Anthropocene.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eabc5654
Plant Ecology & Diversity,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12(3-4), P. 189 - 385
Published: May 4, 2019
Quaternary
(last
2.6
million
years)
botany
involves
studying
plant
megafossils
(e.g.
tree
stumps),
macrofossils
seeds,
leaves),
and
microfossils
pollen,
spores)
preserved
in
peat
bogs
lake
sediments.
Although
have
been
studied
since
the
late
eighteenth
century,
today
is
largely
dominated
by
pollen
analysis.Quaternary
analysis
just
over
100
years
old.
It
started
primarily
as
a
geological
tool
for
correlation,
relative
dating,
climate
reconstruction.
In
1950
major
advance
occurred
with
publication
Knut
Fægri
Johs
Iversen
of
their
Text-book
Modern
Pollen
Analysis
which
provided
foundations
botanical
ecological
past
dynamics
biota
biotic
systems.
The
development
radiocarbon
dating
1950s
freed
from
being
dating.
As
result
these
developments,
became
valuable
implement
long-term
ecology
biogeography.Selected
contributions
that
has
made
to
biogeography
are
reviewed.
They
fall
into
four
general
parts:
(1)
aspects
interglacial
glacial
stages
such
location
nature
glacial-stage
refugia
soil
glaciated
unglaciated
areas;
(2)
responses
environmental
change
(spreading,
extinction,
persistence,
adaptation);
(3)
topics
potential
niches,
vegetation,
forest
dynamics;
(4)
its
application
human
impact
tropical
systems,
conservation
changing
world,
island
palaeoecology,
plant–animal
interactions,
biodiversity
patterns
time.The
future
briefly
discussed
10
suggestions
presented
help
strengthen
it
links
biogeography.
much
contribute
when
used
conjunction
new
approaches
ancient-DNA,
molecular
biomarkers,
multi-proxy
palaeoecology.
Journal of Ecology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
106(1), P. 1 - 18
Published: Dec. 13, 2017
Abstract
This
review
summarizes
current
understanding
of
five
key
plant
traits:
seed
mass,
height,
wood
density,
leaf
mass
per
unit
area
and
size,
emphasizing
ways
in
which
our
large‐scale
patterns
traits
have
improved
over
the
last
two
decades.
Notable
advances
include:
(1)
large‐seeded
species
greater
dispersal
distances
than
do
small‐seeded
species,
(2)
is
not
strongly
or
consistently
related
to
outside
economics
spectrum,
broad
gradients
environmental
conditions,
(3)
fleshy
fruit
could
first
evolved
for
dispersal,
as
appeared
millions
years
before
potential
dispersers.
While
quantifying
has
yielded
many
important
discoveries,
it
clear
that
next
major
leap
will
come
from
simply
including
ever
more
variables
analyses.
I
suggest
we
build
upon
Harper's
“Darwinian
approach
ecology”
apply
evolutionary
ideas
trait
ecology.
For
example,
impacts
on
lifetime
fitness
rather
particular
stages
regeneration
can
allow
us
understand
coordination
between
seemingly
disparate
traits.
use
this
bring
height
together
integrated
parts
a
species’
life‐history
spectrum.
then
point
out
problems
associated
with
implicit
assumption
selection
acts
mean
values
show
how
considering
way
improve
effects
climate
A
goal
future
quantify
full
suite
biotic
abiotic
factors
shape
strategy
complex,
real‐world
situations.
Synthesis
.
Enormous
data
availability
powerful
computational
statistical
tools
given
ecologists
unprecedented
power
However,
there
limit
far
big
alone
take
us.
The
time
ripe
new
generation
hypotheses
ecological
theory
built
strong
foundations.
Let
creativity
begin!
