From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites

Cell, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 165(6), С. 1332 - 1345

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Cell, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 167(6), С. 1469 - 1480.e12

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 18(7), С. 965 - 977

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 16(6), С. 341 - 352

Опубликована: Май 27, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(8), С. 461 - 478

Опубликована: Май 23, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration

Annual Review of Immunology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 35(1), С. 441 - 468

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2017

Microglia are resident cells of the brain that regulate development, maintenance neuronal networks, and injury repair. serve as macrophages but distinct from other tissue owing to their unique homeostatic phenotype tight regulation by central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment. They responsible for elimination microbes, dead cells, redundant synapses, protein aggregates, particulate soluble antigens may endanger CNS. Furthermore, primary source proinflammatory cytokines, microglia pivotal mediators neuroinflammation can induce or modulate a broad spectrum cellular responses. Alterations in functionality implicated development aging, well neurodegeneration. Recent observations about ontogeny combined with extensive gene expression profiling novel tools study biology have allowed us characterize microglial phenotypes during homeostasis, disease. In this article, we review recent advances our understanding microglia, contribution involvement Moreover, highlight complexity targeting therapeutic intervention neurodegenerative diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020

A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulation metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition involvement modulation multiple neurochemical pathways through highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Although amazing scientific breakthroughs over last few years have expanded our knowledge on communication between microbes their hosts, underpinnings microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk remain to be determined. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), main metabolites produced colon by bacterial fermentation dietary fibers resistant starch, are speculated play key neuro-immunoendocrine regulation. However, underlying mechanisms which SCFAs might influence brain physiology behavior not fully elucidated. this review, we will outline current about interactions. We also highlight how development future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage intimate mutual interactions with exploring function.

Язык: Английский

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Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 99(1), С. 21 - 78

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2018

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the brain. At same time, BBB regulates transport of molecules into out central nervous system (CNS), which maintains tightly controlled chemical composition neuronal milieu that is required for proper functioning. In this review, we first examine molecular cellular mechanisms underlying establishment BBB. Then, focus on physiology, endothelial pericyte transporters, perivascular paravascular transport. Next, discuss rare human monogenic neurological disorders with primary genetic defect in BBB-associated cells demonstrating link between breakdown neurodegeneration. review effects genes inheritance and/or increased susceptibility Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relation to other pathologies deficits. We next how dysfunction relates deficits majority sporadic AD, PD, ALS cases, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, acute CNS such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord epilepsy. Lastly, BBB-based therapeutic opportunities. conclude lessons learned future directions, emphasis technological advances investigate functions living brain, at level, address key unanswered questions.

Язык: Английский

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The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 4(4), С. 623 - 632

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2019

Язык: Английский

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