Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(1), С. 72 - 72
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Ciprofloxacin,
a
widely
used
second-generation
fluoroquinolone
for
treating
bacterial
infections,
has
recently
shown
notable
anticancer
properties.
This
review
explores
progress
in
developing
ciprofloxacin
derivatives
with
properties,
emphasizing
key
structural
changes
that
improve
their
therapeutic
effectiveness
by
modifying
the
basic
group
at
position
7,
carboxylic
acid
3,
or
both.
It
further
investigates
mechanisms
which
these
fight
cancer,
such
as
inducing
apoptosis,
arresting
cell
cycle,
inhibiting
topoisomerase
I
and
II,
preventing
tubulin
polymerization,
suppressing
interleukin
6,
blocking
thymidine
phosphorylase,
multidrug
resistance
proteins,
hindering
angiogenesis.
Additionally,
it
outlines
future
directions,
enhancing
efficacy,
selectivity,
investigating
potential
synergy
other
chemotherapeutic
agents,
offering
promising
avenue
new
therapies
cancer.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract
Cytokines
are
critical
in
regulating
immune
responses
and
cellular
behavior,
playing
dual
roles
both
normal
physiology
the
pathology
of
diseases
such
as
cancer.
These
molecules,
including
interleukins,
interferons,
tumor
necrosis
factors,
chemokines,
growth
factors
like
TGF-β,
VEGF,
EGF,
can
promote
or
inhibit
growth,
influence
microenvironment,
impact
efficacy
cancer
treatments.
Recent
advances
targeting
these
pathways
have
shown
promising
therapeutic
potential,
offering
new
strategies
to
modulate
system,
progression,
overcome
resistance
conventional
therapies.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
current
understanding
implications
cytokine
chemokine
signaling
By
exploring
molecules
biology
response,
highlighted
development
novel
agents
aimed
at
modulating
combat
The
review
elaborated
on
nature
cytokines
promoters
suppressors
tumorigenesis,
depending
context,
discussed
challenges
opportunities
presents
for
intervention.
We
also
examined
latest
advancements
targeted
therapies,
monoclonal
antibodies,
bispecific
receptor
inhibitors,
fusion
proteins,
engineered
variants,
their
metastasis,
microenvironment.
Additionally,
evaluated
potential
combining
therapies
with
other
treatment
modalities
improve
patient
outcomes.
Besides,
focused
ongoing
research
clinical
trials
that
pivotal
advancing
our
application
cytokine-
chemokine-targeted
patients.
As
one
part
of
the
innate
immune
response
to
external
stimuli,
chronic
inflammation
increases
risk
various
cancers,
and
tumor-promoting
is
considered
enabling
characteristics
cancer
development.
Recently,
there
has
been
growing
evidence
on
role
anti-inflammation
therapy
in
prevention
treatment.
And
researchers
have
already
achieved
several
noteworthy
outcomes.
In
review,
we
explored
underlying
mechanisms
by
which
affects
occurrence
development
cancer.
The
pro-
or
anti-tumor
effects
these
inflammatory
factors
such
as
interleukin,
interferon,
chemokine,
inflammasome,
extracellular
matrix
are
discussed.
Since
FDA-approved
drugs
like
aspirin
show
obvious
effects,
unique
advantages
due
their
relatively
fewer
side
with
long-term
use
compared
chemotherapy
drugs.
make
them
promising
candidates
for
chemoprevention.
Overall,
this
review
discusses
molecules
carcinogenesis
new
molecules-directed
therapeutic
opportunities,
ranging
from
cytokine
inhibitors/agonists,
inflammasome
inhibitors,
some
inhibitors
that
expected
be
applied
clinical
practice,
well
recent
discoveries
effect
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
steroidal
disadvantages
application
chemoprevention
also
In
the
realm
of
cancer
research,
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
initiation
and
progression,
shaped
by
complex
interactions
between
cells
surrounding
non-cancerous
cells.
Cytokines,
as
essential
immunomodulatory
agents,
are
secreted
various
cellular
constituents
within
TME,
including
immune
cells,
cancer-associated
fibroblasts,
themselves.
These
cytokines
facilitate
intricate
communication
networks
that
significantly
influence
initiation,
metastasis,
suppression.
Pyroptosis
contributes
to
TME
remodeling
promoting
release
pro-inflammatory
sustaining
chronic
inflammation,
impacting
processes
such
escape
angiogenesis.
However,
challenges
remain
due
interplay
among
cytokines,
pyroptosis,
along
with
dual
effects
pyroptosis
on
progression
therapy-related
complications
like
cytokine
syndrome.
Unraveling
these
complexities
could
strategies
balance
inflammatory
responses
while
minimizing
tissue
damage
during
therapy.
This
review
delves
into
crosstalk
elucidating
their
contribution
metastasis.
By
synthesizing
emerging
therapeutic
targets
innovative
technologies
concerning
this
aims
provide
novel
insights
enhance
treatment
outcomes
for
patients.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(8), С. 1851 - 1851
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024
Advances
in
melanoma
research
have
unveiled
critical
insights
into
its
genetic
and
molecular
landscape,
leading
to
significant
therapeutic
innovations.
This
review
explores
the
intricate
interplay
between
alterations,
such
as
mutations
BRAF,
NRAS,
KIT,
pathogenesis.
The
MAPK
PI3K/Akt/mTOR
signaling
pathways
are
highlighted
for
their
roles
tumor
growth
resistance
mechanisms.
Additionally,
this
delves
impact
of
epigenetic
modifications,
including
DNA
methylation
histone
changes,
on
progression.
microenvironment,
characterized
by
immune
cells,
stromal
soluble
factors,
plays
a
pivotal
role
modulating
behavior
treatment
responses.
Emerging
technologies
like
single-cell
sequencing,
CRISPR-Cas9,
AI-driven
diagnostics
transforming
research,
offering
precise
personalized
approaches
treatment.
Immunotherapy,
particularly
checkpoint
inhibitors
mRNA
vaccines,
has
revolutionized
therapy
enhancing
body’s
response.
Despite
these
advances,
mechanisms
remain
challenge,
underscoring
need
combined
therapies
ongoing
achieve
durable
comprehensive
overview
aims
highlight
current
state
transformative
impacts
advancements
clinical
practice.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024
The
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
provides
essential
conditions
for
the
occurrence,
invasion,
and
spread
of
cancer
cells.
Initial
research
has
uncovered
immunosuppressive
properties
TME,
which
include
low
oxygen
levels
(hypoxia),
acidic
(low
pH),
increased
interstitial
pressure,
heightened
permeability
vasculature,
an
inflammatory
microenvironment.
presence
various
components
leads
to
immune
evasion
affects
immunotherapy
efficacy.
This
indicates
potential
value
targeting
TME
in
immunotherapy.
Therefore,
remodeling
become
effective
method
enhancing
host
responses
against
tumors.
In
this
study,
we
elaborate
on
characteristics
composition
how
it
weakens
surveillance
summarize
targeted
therapeutic
strategies
regulating
TME.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(2), С. 1009 - 1009
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2024
Cancer
remains
one
of
the
leading
causes
morbidity
and
mortality
worldwide,
necessitating
continuous
efforts
to
develop
effective
therapeutic
strategies.
Over
years,
advancements
in
our
understanding
complex
interplay
between
immune
system
cancer
cells
have
led
development
immunotherapies
that
revolutionize
treatment.
Cytokines,
as
key
regulators
response,
are
involved
both
initiation
progression
by
affecting
inflammation
manipulating
multiple
intracellular
signaling
pathways
regulate
cell
growth,
proliferation,
migration.
inflammation,
emerged
promising
candidates
for
therapy.
This
review
article
aims
provide
an
overview
significance
cytokines
therapy
highlighting
importance
targeting
cytokine
a
potential
approach.
