Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes

NEJM Evidence, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes are promoted as less harmful than cigarettes. There has not been a direct comparison of health effects e-cigarettes or dual use (concurrently using and cigarettes) with those cigarettes in the general population. METHODS: Studies PubMed, EMBASE, Web Science, PsychINFO published through October 1, 2023, were pooled random-effects meta-analysis if five more studies identified disease outcome. We assessed risk bias Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Exposure certainty Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluations. Outcomes fewer summarized but pooled. RESULTS: 124 odds ratios (94 cross-sectional 30 longitudinal) from 107 studies. Pooled for current e-cigarette versus cigarette different cardiovascular (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.14), stroke (0.73; 0.47 1.13), metabolic dysfunction (0.99; 0.91 1.09) lower asthma (0.84; 0.74 0.95), chronic obstructive pulmonary (0.53; 0.38 0.74), oral (0.87; 0.76 1.00). increased all outcomes (range, 1.20 1.41). compared nonuse either product (e-cigarette range, 1.24 1.47; use, 1.49 3.29). All included having low bias. Results generally sensitive study characteristics. Limited other suggest that is associated additional diseases. CONCLUSIONS: need reassess assumption provides substantial harm reduction across cigarette-caused diseases, particularly accounting use.

Язык: Английский

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Cigarette Smoking and E-cigarette Use Induce Shared DNA Methylation Changes Linked to Carcinogenesis

Cancer Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 84(11), С. 1898 - 1914

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Abstract Tobacco use is a major modifiable risk factor for adverse health outcomes, including cancer, and elicits profound epigenetic changes thought to be associated with long-term cancer risk. While electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been advocated as harm reduction alternatives tobacco products, recent studies revealed potential detrimental effects, highlighting the urgent need further research into molecular impacts of e-cigarettes. Here, we applied computational deconvolution methods dissect cell- tissue-specific effects or e-cigarette on DNA methylation (DNAme) in over 3,500 buccal/saliva, cervical, blood samples, spanning epithelial immune cells at directly indirectly exposed sites. The 535 identified smoking-related DNAme loci [cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpG)] clustered four functional groups, detoxification growth signaling, based cell type anatomic site. Loci hypermethylated buccal smokers NOTCH1/RUNX3/growth receptor signaling also exhibited elevated tissue progressing lung carcinoma situ lesions, hypermethylation these predicted development samples collected from up 22 years prior diagnosis, suggesting role driving carcinogenesis. Alarmingly, CpGs were users limited smoking history. This study sheds light type–specific landscape induced by products. Significance: both e-cigarettes exposure-specific that are predictive carcinogenesis, caution when broadly recommending aids cessation.

Язык: Английский

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Bigger, stronger and cheaper: growth in e-cigarette market driven by disposable devices with more e-liquid, higher nicotine concentration and declining prices

Tobacco Control, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. tc - 058033

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Given the evolving changes in disposable e-cigarette market, we explore patterns of sales USA by e-liquid volume capacity, nicotine strength and real sales-weighted average prices both unit e-liquid.We used NielsenIQ retail scanner data from January 2017 to September 2022 examine over time for product capacity millilitres, (%) price per millilitre each 4-week period.Among e-cigarettes sold between 2022, increased 518% 1.1 mL 5.7 294% 1.7% 5%. Sales-weighted millilitres remained relatively constant until 2020. From 2020 through 165.7% US$8.49 US$14.07, while 1 decreased 69.2% US$7.96 US$2.45.The current regulatory regime around has resulted manufacturers providing consumers with bigger, cheaper that come increasingly higher strengths. Tobacco policy recommendations such as restricting minimum laws well regulations on characteristics affect emissions delivery strength, output, device power, puff duration should be considered regulating market.

Язык: Английский

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Smoking cessation and vascular endothelial function

Hypertension Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(12), С. 2670 - 2678

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Abstract Smoking is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. It thought that smoking impairs function through a decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability induced by activation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction can be improved or augmented appropriate interventions including pharmacotherapy, administration supplements lifestyle modifications. Although there have not been many studies, the effects cessation on shown. In those it was shown does always positive effect function. this review, I will focus role

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of exclusive and dual use with combustible cigarettes

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 157, С. 108086 - 108086

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 475(7), С. 835 - 844

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Abstract Cigarette smoking is the most important avoidable cardiovascular risk factor. It causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis increases of its severe clinical complications like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral disease. Several next - generation tobacco nicotine products have been developed to decrease some deleterious effects regular smoking. This review article summarizes recent findings about impact cigarette on dysfunction. Both lead impaired function. Molecular mechanisms oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide availability, inflammation, increased monocyte adhesion, cytotoxic smoke are highlighted. The potential short- long-term exposure development implications for diseases discussed.

Язык: Английский

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The implications of vaping on surgical wound healing: A systematic review

Surgery, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 173(6), С. 1452 - 1462

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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E-cigarette effects on vascular function in animals and humans

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 475(7), С. 783 - 796

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Abstract Smoking tobacco cigarettes is a significant (cardiovascular) health risk factor. Although the number of cigarette users declined over last decades, shisha smoking and e-cigarette vaping partially compensated for this benefit. E-cigarettes may create highly addicted dual (vaping smoking). seem not to represent healthier alternative smoking, although they be less harmful. E-cigarette causes oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, associated cardiovascular sequelae. This primarily due overlap toxic compounds in vapor compared smoke and, accordingly, substantial pathomechanistic features between smoking. Whereas main toxins are reactive aldehydes such as formaldehyde acrolein, mixture more complex, comprising particulate matter, gases, transition metals, volatile organic compounds, N-nitrosamines. However, it seems that both lifestyle drugs impair function quite similar extent, which role stress central pathomechanism mediate dysfunction vascular damage. Finally, selling argument use help quit get rid nicotine addiction false because e-cigarettes instead trigger opposite—younger entrance age frequent use. With our review, we summarize adverse impact e-cigarettes, emphasizing detrimental effects on health.

Язык: Английский

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Serum high mobility group box 1 as a potential biomarker for the progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Background As a damage-associated molecular pattern protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is associated with kidney and systemic inflammation. The predictive therapeutic value of HMGB1 as biomarker has been confirmed in various diseases. However, its diabetic disease (DKD) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum urine levels DKD progression. Methods We recruited 196 patients type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including 109 87 T2DM without DKD. Additionally, 60 healthy participants were also controls. Serum samples collected for analysis. Simultaneously, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFR-1) injury molecule (KIM-1) evaluated comparison. Results significantly higher than positively correlated TNFR-1 ( R = 0.567, p <0.001) KIM-1 0.440, <0.001), similar correlation. In population T2DM, risk progression increased an increase levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated level was independent renal function DKD, did not change model corrected multiple variables. restricted cubic spline depicted nonlinear relationship -nonlinear=0.007, positive effect remained consistent across subgroups. Conclusion severity. When ≥27 ng/ml, sharply, indicating can be used potential diagnosis

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 134(9), С. 1061 - 1082

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a mixture of respirable particulate matter, environmental gases, and other hazardous pollutants that originate from the unplanned burning arid vegetation during wildfires. The increasing size frequency recent wildfires has escalated public occupational health concerns regarding WFS inhalation, by either individuals living nearby downstream an active fire or wildland firefighters workers face unavoidable exposure because their profession. In this review, we first synthesize current evidence environmental, controlled, interventional human studies, to highlight positive associations between inhalation cardiovascular morbidity mortality. Motivated these findings, discuss preventative measures suggest interventions mitigate impact We then review animal cell studies call attention on pathophysiological processes support deterioration tissues organs in response inhalation. Acknowledging challenges integrating across independent sources, contextualize laboratory-scale approaches according biological they model offer suggestions for ensuring relevance condition. Noting are significant contributors ambient air pollution, compare responses triggered those harmful pollutants. also how may trigger mechanisms have been proposed as mediators adverse effects upon pollution. finally conclude highlighting research areas demand further consideration. Overall, aspire work serve catalyst regulatory initiatives community alleviate risk firefighters.

Язык: Английский

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