bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024
Human
stem
cell-based
embryo
models
have
opened
new
avenues
of
research
in
development
by
providing
experimentally
amenable
vitro
systems.
One
the
features
is
their
multilineage
differentiation,
which
allows
co-development
of,
and
interactions
between,
tissues.
Here,
we
utilise
a
human
Trunk-like
Structure
(hTLS)
model
to
explore
trunk
development.
We
show
that
hTLS
morphologically
organised
somites
neural
tube
form
through
self-organised,
endogenous
signalling
including
anteroposterior
FGF,
Wnt
Retinoic
Acid
(RA)
gradients
modulate
fate
neuromesodermal
progenitors.
Comparison
an
existing
dataset
from
organogenesis-stage
embryos
shows
cells
approximate
Carnegie
Stage
13-14
(28-35
days
post-fertilisation).
The
absence
notochord
leads
dorsal
identity,
but
exogenous
exposure
smoothened
agonist
(promoting
Sonic
Hedgehog
signalling)
progressively
ventralises
both
dose-dependent
manner.
Furthermore,
identify
somites,
medially
localised
ALDH1A2,
subsequent
RA
tube,
spontaneous
progenitor
patterning
PAX6
expression.
Together,
our
data
highlight
value
modularity
leverage
co-development.
Summary
Using
3D,
embryonic
development,
examine
across
somitic
tissues
better
understand
dynamics
Cell,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
186(17), С. 3548 - 3557
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023
A
human
embryo's
legal
definition
and
its
entitlement
to
protection
vary
greatly
worldwide.
Recently,
pluripotent
stem
cells
have
been
used
form
in
vitro
models
of
early
embryos
that
challenged
definitions
raised
questions
regarding
their
usage.
In
this
light,
we
propose
a
refined
an
embryo,
suggest
"tipping
points"
for
when
embryo
could
eventually
be
afforded
similar
embryos,
then
revisit
basic
ethical
principles
might
help
draft
roadmap
the
gradual,
justified
usage
manner
aims
maximize
benefits
society.
Cell stem cell,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
30(12), С. 1569 - 1584
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2023
Studies
of
mammalian
development
have
advanced
our
understanding
the
genetic,
epigenetic,
and
cellular
processes
that
orchestrate
embryogenesis
uncovered
new
insights
into
unique
aspects
human
embryogenesis.
Recent
studies
now
produced
first
epigenetic
maps
early
embryogenesis,
stimulating
ideas
about
reprogramming,
cell
fate
control,
potential
mechanisms
underpinning
developmental
plasticity
in
embryos.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
these
regulation
importance
for
safeguarding
development.
We
also
highlight
unanswered
questions
key
challenges
remain
to
be
addressed.
Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
509, С. 43 - 50
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
Understanding
the
processes
and
mechanisms
underlying
early
human
embryo
development
has
become
an
increasingly
active
important
area
of
research.
It
potential
for
insights
into
clinical
issues
such
as
pregnancy
loss,
origins
congenital
anomalies
developmental
adult
disease,
well
fundamental
biology.
Improved
culture
systems
preimplantation
embryos,
combined
with
new
tools
single
cell
genomics
live
imaging,
are
providing
similarities
differences
between
mouse
development.
However,
access
to
material
is
still
restricted
extended
embryos
regulatory
ethical
concerns.
Stem
cell-derived
models
different
phases
can
potentially
overcome
these
limitations
provide
a
scalable
source
explore
postimplantation
stages
To
date,
clearly
incomplete
replicas
normal
but
future
technological
improvements
be
envisaged.
The
environment
studies
remains
fully
resolved.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
187(23), С. 6566 - 6583.e22
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024
Many
mammals
can
temporally
uncouple
conception
from
parturition
by
pacing
down
their
development
around
the
blastocyst
stage.
In
mice,
this
dormant
state
is
achieved
decreasing
activity
of
growth-regulating
mTOR
signaling
pathway.
It
unknown
whether
ability
conserved
in
general
and
humans
particular.
Here,
we
show
that
pathway
induces
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
(hPSCs)
blastoids
to
enter
a
with
limited
proliferation,
developmental
progression,
capacity
attach
endometrial
cells.
These
vitro
assays
that,
similar
other
species,
dormancy
active
stage
reversible
at
both
functional
molecular
levels.
The
has
potential
implications
for
reproductive
therapies.
Journal of the History of Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
57(2), С. 231 - 279
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract
While
model
organisms
have
had
many
historians,
this
article
places
studies
of
humans,
and
particularly
our
development,
in
the
politics
species
choice.
Human
embryos,
investigated
directly
rather
than
via
animal
surrogates,
gone
through
cycles
attention
neglect.
In
past
60
years
they
moved
from
sidelines
to
center
stage.
Research
was
resuscitated
anatomy,
launched
reproductive
biomedicine,
molecular
genetics,
stem-cell
science,
made
attractive
developmental
biology.
I
explain
surge
interest
terms
rivalry
with
models
reliance
on
them.
The
greater
involvement
medicine
human
reproduction,
especially
vitro
fertilization,
gave
access
fresh
sources
material
that
fed
critiques
extrapolation
mice
met
demands
for
clinical
relevance
or
“translation.”
Yet
much
revival
depended
models.
Supply
infrastructures
digital
standards,
including
biobanks
virtual
atlases,
emulated
community
resources
organisms.
Novel
culture,
imaging,
molecular,
postgenomic
methods
were
perfected
less
precious
samples.
Toing
froing
mouse
affirmed
necessity
exemplary
mammal
its
insufficiency
justified
inquiries
into
humans.
Another
kind
model—organoids
embryo-like
structures
derived
stem
cells—enabled
experiments
encouraged
organization
a
new
field,
humans
has
competed
counted
Neuroglia,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(1), С. 2 - 2
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025
Microglia
are
exceptionally
dynamic
resident
innate
immune
cells
within
the
central
nervous
system,
existing
on
a
continuum
of
morphologies
and
functions
throughout
their
lifespan.
They
play
vital
roles
in
response
to
injuries
infections,
clearing
cellular
debris,
maintaining
neural
homeostasis
development.
Emerging
research
suggests
that
microglia
strongly
influenced
by
biological
factors,
including
sex,
developmental
stage,
local
environment.
This
review
synthesizes
findings
sex
differences
microglial
morphology
function
key
brain
regions,
frontal
cortex,
hippocampus,
amygdala,
hypothalamus,
basal
ganglia,
cerebellum,
across
Where
available,
we
examine
how
gonadal
hormones
influence
these
characteristics.
Additionally,
highlight
limitations
relying
solely
infer
underscore
need
for
comprehensive,
multimodal
approaches
guide
future
research.
Ultimately,
this
aims
advance
dialogue
spatiotemporally
heterogeneous
implications
vulnerability
neurological
psychiatric
disorders.
