Disentangling the numbers behind agriculture-driven tropical deforestation

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6611)

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022

Tropical deforestation continues at alarming rates with profound impacts on ecosystems, climate, and livelihoods, prompting renewed commitments to halt its continuation. Although it is well established that agriculture a dominant driver of deforestation, mechanisms remain disputed often lack clear evidence base. We synthesize the best available pantropical provide clarity how drives deforestation. most (90 99%) across tropics 2011 2015 was driven by agriculture, only 45 65% deforested land became productive within few years. Therefore, ending likely requires combining measures create deforestation-free supply chains landscape governance interventions. highlight key remaining gaps including trends, commodity-specific land-use dynamics, data from tropical dry forests Africa.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical weeding enhances ecosystem multifunctionality and profit in industrial oil palm

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 683 - 695

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Abstract Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity associated with conventional management (that is, fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 2 factorial experiment, we assessed effects of vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity profitability. Analysing across multiple exhibited higher multifunctionality than treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity also enhanced, driven 33% more plant species under weeding. Compared management, increased profit 12% relative gross margin 11% due reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical reduced, compensatory mature plantations tenable option enhancing increasing profit, providing win–win situations.

Язык: Английский

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Oil palm- and rubber-driven deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia (2000–2021) and efforts toward zero deforestation commitments

Agroforestry Systems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 99(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Perils of Wishful Thinking: A Response to Peterson, Bedner, and Berenschot

Journal of Contemporary Asia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Can legal remedies act as a line of defence against dispossession? Although the system in Indonesia very rarely yields outcomes that scholars and activists seem to prefer, "The Perils Legal Formalism," addressing widespread conflicts caused by expansion oil palm plantations, argues it can. Yet, political economy Indonesia's "extractive regime" has long relied on violent dispossession. A Poulantzian Marxist analysis law provides firmer ground for understanding ineffectiveness itself reforming society. Peterson, Bedner, Berenschot's (2025) puzzlement at formalistic decisions Indonesian judges incompetence plaintiff lawyers representing displaced communities reveals their individualist, law-centric approach reluctance abandon liberal myths rule autonomy from "the rest" Optimistic reformist efforts may offer veneer legitimacy while actually strengthening extractive regime power dominant actors who benefit it. Against such wishful thinking, rare case effective mobilisation West Sumatra illustrates how action can only be impactful if deployed combination with built over time collective actors.

Язык: Английский

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Coronavirus, macroeconomy, and forests: What likely impacts?

Forest Policy and Economics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 131, С. 102536 - 102536

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Trends in tropical forest loss and the social value of emission reductions

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(11), С. 1373 - 1384

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Abstract Reducing global forest losses is essential to mitigate climate change and its associated social costs. Multiple market non-market factors can enhance or reduce loss. Here, understand the role of (for example, policies, anomalies conflicts), we compare observed trends a reference (expected) scenario that excludes factors. We define an expected by simulating land-use decisions solely driven prices, productivities presumably plausible decision-making. The allocation model considers economic profits uncertainties as incentives for conversion. in Brazil, Democratic Republic Congo Indonesia (2000–2019) with assign differences from Our results suggest temporarily lead lower-than-expected summing 11.1 million hectares, but also phases higher-than-expected 11.3 hectares. Phases occurred earlier than those losses. damages avoided delaying emissions would otherwise have represent value US$61.6 billion (as year 2000). This result shows importance conservation efforts tropics, even if reduced loss might be temporary reverse over time.

Язык: Английский

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Deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions could arise when replacing palm oil with other vegetable oils

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 914, С. 169486 - 169486

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2023

Oil crops are among the main drivers of global land use changes. Palm oil is possibly most criticized, as a driver primary tropical forests loss. This has generated two different reactions in its various sectors (e.g., food, feed, biodiesel, surfactant applications, etc.): from one side there growing claim for deforestation-free palm oil, whereas on other attention raised towards vegetable oils possible substitutes, such soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oil. We assess potential changes consequent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions switching to compare this solution oils. consider three scenarios 25 %, 50 % 100 replacement eight major crop producing countries. Total GHG account anthropogenic along life cycle field production process forest carbon stock losses change expansion. Replacing with would have worthless effect terms reduction since remain approximatively stable across scenarios, it produce deforestation increase 28.2 51.9 Mha worldwide (or 7 21.5 if excluding unlikely USA, Russia, Ukraine offset China, India). Conversely, becomes deforestation-free, be reduced by 92 current 371 29 Mt CO2eq per year. Although highlighting historical unsustainability plantations, results show that replacing them almost never represents more sustainable solution, thus potentially questioning sustainability claims free products respect

Язык: Английский

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Replanting and yield increase strategies for alleviating the potential decline in palm oil production in Indonesia

Agricultural Systems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 210, С. 103714 - 103714

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Securing oil palm smallholder livelihoods without more deforestation in Indonesia

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(4), С. 387 - 393

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Forest loss in Indonesian New Guinea (2001–2019): Trends, drivers and outlook

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 261, С. 109225 - 109225

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

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