Electronic Nicotine Delivery System: End to Smoking or Just a New Fancy Cigarette

Cureus, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2023

Smoking and tobacco chewing are the predominant causes of oral cancer. Tobacco is second-most widely consumed psychoactive substance. There numerous ways to quit smoking, which one electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). E-cigarette use a brand-new, global trend. battery-operated device that heats liquid create vapor consumer inhales. Several countries have acknowledged first step toward nicotine delivery system (ENDS) management precise classification ENDS within limits current legislation. Countries currently categorized into four generations. People's perceptions about products altered recently as consequence advertising ENDS. The likelihood starting smoke was times higher in adolescents who used ENDS, probability quitting reduced often prolonged those In addition, normalizes smoking-like actions including inhaling exhaling smoke. Adverse marketing via geographic locations social media platforms, well nicotine's irreversible effects on growing adolescent young adult brains predispose individuals addicted behaviors, may be responsible for their rising appeal among teenagers. Despite this, has risen never smoked undoubtedly face more health risks than do not cavity encounter where it initially affects human system. As known contributor cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions, cancers, seems serious cause concern. This review provides concise summary research components, mode action, applications, e-cigarettes systemic systems.

Язык: Английский

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Oral health effects of non-combustible nicotine products: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Systematic Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Literature Review on Nicotine’s Role in Human Health

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(1), С. 1 - 111

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Summary Background Next generation of nicotine/tobacco products (NGPs) include electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco (HTPs), oral nicotine pouches (NPs) and smokeless (SLT) (in particular snus). These commonly contain are intended to replace combustible (CCs) thus can be regarded as harm reduction products. To fulfill this role, it is essential that nicotine, which has well established addictive properties, not causally related health risks upon chronic use. Objectives The purpose review evaluate the scientific literature answer question, whether involved in development any diseases or disorders associated with acute, short, mid- long-term use NGPs. Appropriate results from studies replacement therapy (NRT) (gum, patches, inhalers, lozenges) included reference basis for inferring effects Furthermore, suggestions filling identified gaps avoiding minimizing limitations weaknesses study design provided. Methods Literature databases such MEDLINE, Google Scholar an in-house ABF library (containing about 180,000 articles) were searched relevant articles. pertinent monographs (such US Surgeon General Reports) recent reviews screened further publications. Inclusion criteria were: all human investigating association between (preferably use) mentioned above effects, including diseases, disorders, changes biomarkers biological effect (BOBEs). In vivo (animal) vitro also considered, provided NGPs presence absence relation exposure dose reported. Also, lists suitable articles screened. total, 500 retrieved by approach. role was evaluated considering article authors’ statements their cited references own judgement reported results. Human presented a standardized table format. Results 183 evaluated, cardiovascular (CVD) ranking highest (N = 75 studies), followed respiratory (43), (23), cancer (10), metabolic syndrome (7), reproduction (5) several other (< 5). majority do provide evidence participation pathogenesis. Some (weak) found might some CVD-related syndrome. This would supported animal studies. Discussion showed severe respect time availability on market. A flaw insufficient consideration dual (NGP + CC), particularly use, could have led erroneously increased direct consequences nicotine. Additionally, prior using CC impact. Both circumstances inaccurate conclusions terms elevated risk levels, require method designs. Suggestions methodological improvements future Conclusions final evaluation disease NGP users currently possible because durations too short. Chronic often suffer separation only together CCs, may falsely increase observed risk. There limited which, however, verified controlled potential involvement patho-mechanisms requires research.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Iranian Smokers and Non-smokers

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(4), С. 467 - 474

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

A BSTRACT Background: Tobacco smoking statistics are alarming and the oral mucosa is first human part of body that exposed to toxic substances smoking. Aims: Considering high prevalence rate tobacco-associated problems in cavity few studies on Iranian population regarding effects cavity, this study aimed evaluate relationship between lesions population. Materials Methods: Observational study. In observational study, cavities 200 participants (smokers = 100 non-smokers 100) were examined by a trained dental student under supervision an maxillofacial medicine expert, presence coated tongue, leukoedema, leukoplakia, smoker’s palate, melanosis, erythroplakia, frictional hyperkeratosis, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, erythematous candidiasis recorded. Xerostomia was evaluated based participants’ self-reporting through questionnaire. All data analyzed using T-test, Chi-square test, odd ratio, 95% confidence interval, Fisher’s exact Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed significantly associated with increased risk tongue (OR: 1.80, CI: 1.32-3.54, P 0.005), melanosis 6.176, 3.28-11.62, 0.00002), hyperkeratosis 1.33, 0.68-2.60, 0.005). However, no significant association observed leukoedema 1, 0.51-1.94, 1). None presented candidiasis. Conclusions: This study’s smokers exhibited greater chance developing compared non-smokers.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the Impact of Electronic Cigarettes (EC) on Health: An Evidence-Based Review of EC as an Alternative to Combustible Cigarettes

Cureus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Cigarette smoking has been considered a major public health concern due to its serious impact on health. However, smokers intending quit may find long-term abstinence challenging. When an electronic cigarette (EC), users can experience sensation and taste similar that of combustible cigarette. Therefore, manufacturers promote these products as viable substitute for cigarettes. several researchers report the impacts experienced by EC users. this review aims examine use. Based findings research papers reported in literature, role cessation tool is unclear. Several have also significant association between usage among non-smokers at baseline future initiation smoking. use significantly user The nicotine present e-liquids elevate blood pressure, resulting vessel constriction increase heart rate, ultimately leading body ischemic condition, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, increased arterial stiffness. Researchers higher likelihood prediabetes users; was associated with OR having asthma attacks reporting depression birth outcomes pregnant women. Men using are more likely erectile dysfunction than non-users. oral health, which includes periodontal diseases, mucosal lesions, irritation mouth throat, reduced salivary flow, risk developing cancer. physical injury from exploding another concern. frequently burned areas included hands, face, genitalia, thighs. Marketers alternative cigarettes quitting Food Drug Administration not approved them cessation. their hence, paper implications, including need regulation sales marketing educating safety.

Язык: Английский

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Current trends on prevalence, risk factors and prevention of oral cancer

Frontiers in Oral Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), belonging to the large and highly heterogeneous group of cancers in head neck, corresponds tumors arising mucosal epithelium lips, buccal mucosa, hard palate, oral tongue (anterior 2/3 tongue), floor mouth, gingiva retromolar trigone. The most common sites affected by OSCC are lateral border depending on risk factors, with first being associated mainly cigarette smoking second chewing tobacco (Miranda-Filho Bray, 2020). Lip cancer is also prevalent tropical countries (but not restricted them) due chronic exposure solar radiation, but as it frequently shows a very good prognosis, studies traditionally separate from intraoral lesions. Indeed, nowadays, we have enough evidence that different subsites cavity show distinct specific features they should be studied separately (Eloranta et al., 2024).OSCC holds poorest prognosis amongst neck cancers, low survival rates remain unchanged for decades (Coletta, Yeudall Salo, Tumors present at an advanced stage, patients displaying locoregional disease.Although revolutionizing targeted therapy immunotherapy bring new perspectives treatment, surgery combination radiotherapy chemotherapy remains primary treatment modality, which can promote lifelong morbidities important impacts quality life who survive OSCC. Diagnosis early stage (T1 or T2 no limited nodal disease) best predictor successful treatment.With global incidence exceeding 389.000 cases annually, one worldwide, this scenario projected get worse, estimated rise 65% 2050, Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). Prevalence fluctuates significantly population, crude ranging 1.1 African populations 9.9 Oceania. Moreover, burden between countries, clear association human development index (HDI) both mortality.Regarding incidence, though increase expected all HDI tiers, 2050 approximately 147.8% 94.2% medium 67.3% high only 34.3% countries.These trends conjunction disparities therapeutic options call urgently strategies mitigate growing perspective deaths coming decades.OSCC predominance men (approximately 2.5:1), male female highest reported after fifth decade life. However, increasing women, younger adults people exposed traditional has been consistently last two (for more details see Other factors suggested, including inflammatory conditions papillomavirus (HPV), current literature limited, variable often underpowered. Chronic promoting response such mechanical trauma/irritation dysbiosis described possibly implicated OSCC, rationale multiple genetic epigenetic changes may induced oxidative stress signaling molecules related modulation innate acquired immune (Constantin 2023). In dysbiotic conditions, there pathogen-derived genotoxins carcinogens trigger oncogenic events. explicitly prove and/or drive progression OSCCs still further detailed necessary elucidate existing connection these Although potential HPV unquestionable, particularly oropharyngeal (which closely OSCC), largely focused HPV-DNA detection genotyping, few exploring transcriptional activity triggered pathways underpin its potential. planned standard protocols will able determine exact contribution HPVs occurrence.Both secondary prevention top priorities cancer. Historically cessation discontinuing heavy alcohol consumption, whereas concentrated diagnosis or, even better, management potentially malignant disorders. 2022, article IACR working set revise confirmed benefits quitting use consumption risk, decreased time since (Bouvard 2022).Although was highlighted areca nut products, without tobacco.HPV vaccines were originally developed cervical their broader scope, other HPV-associated diseases, anogenital men, (Aden 2024). prevent acquisition and, date, three types vaccines, protection 2 subtypes 9 HPV, available recommended females males (Fu importance vaccination unquestionable preventive medicine, impact if occurs, become apparent next decades.The effective manner reach cure, improve reduce morbidity. context, screening programs, strategy cancer, developed. These programs include general individuals specifically developing includes those long history consumption. results showed effectiveness diagnoses stages high-risk populations, better (Ribeiro 2022). A recent systematic review costs revealed costeffective, especially when profile (Thankappan 2021). prevalence disease population taken into account determining usefulness cost-effectivity occurrence India Brazil, effectivity superior performed (Sankaranarayanan Despite major advances diagnostic strategies, contributes number around world, future alarming, surge 2050. This trend continuous driven aging world's population. where access ideal healthcare system, likely significant negative impacts. Effective educational preventing among youth important, way mortality morbidity, achieved through national subjects. Inclusion minimally invasive biomarkers AI technologies hold promise improving resource-limited settings.

Язык: Английский

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Oral-malodor measurement and intention to quit smoking in men: A before–after study

Tobacco Induced Diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(July), С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

Few studies have examined the effect of feedback based on oral-malodor measurements motivation to quit smoking. Therefore, this study whether were associated with intention smoking.This retrospective, uncontrolled before-after invited smokers a workplace health event in 2019 and 2020 motivate them They attended seminars oral smoking cessation aids, then underwent respiratory function using exhaled cavity air, respectively. Intention was evaluated by answers questions regarding next 1 or 6 months questionnaires collected before after event. This analyzed 241 men aged 20-54 years (mean: 33.2 ± 10.5) examine factors multivariable logistic regression analyses for age, tobacco type (cigarettes heated-tobacco products), category consumption.Before event, 8.7%, 17.0%, 74.3% had intended month, six months, no quit, After respective percentages 17.8%, 26.6%, 55.6%. A higher methyl mercaptan concentration, volatile sulfide component malodor, significantly month (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=4.24; 95% CI: 1.52-11.8, p=0.006). The participants daily consumption less likely acquire (AOR=0.37; 0.15-0.92, p=0.032). Other variables, such as lung age deficit, CO hydrogen concentration (another malodor), not associated.Oral-malodor measurement may help rather than months.

Язык: Английский

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IMPACT OF E-CIGARETTES ON THE ORAL HEALTH - LITERATURE REVIEW

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 51(3), С. 271 - 275

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

E-cigarettes are electronic devices used to inhale aerosols generated from the vaporization of flavored liquids. Nowadays, use e-cigarettes has become one most popular alternatives traditional smoking. The wide variety and liquids makes it challenging assess health effects using e-cigarettes. During e-liquids, toxins, carcinogens, various other chemicals can be released inhaled by user. Limited data exist regarding potential impact exposure e-vapors, primarily derived animal studies in vitro research. oral tissues first site direct interaction with components vapor. While commonly portrayed as safer tobacco cigarettes, little is known about short- or long-term their use. aim this review briefly present available chemical ingredients toxins e-cigarette vapors on cavity cells.

Язык: Английский

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Harmful effects of electronic cigarette on oral soft tissues mediated by dysbiosis: State of the art

Oral Diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(4), С. 2719 - 2721

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2023

The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest with people or organizations could inappropriately influence this work. Data sharing not applicable to article as datasets were generated analysed during the current study.

Язык: Английский

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A comparison of the caries risk between patients who use vapes or e-cigarettes and those who use conventional cigarettes: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Dental Sciences and Education, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(1), С. 1 - 5

Опубликована: Март 30, 2024

Aims: Both conventional cigarette use and e-cigarette/vape appear to have detrimental effects on oral health by promoting the development of both dental caries periodontal disease. This study aimed compare two with regards risk level. Methods: A cross-sectional patient records was conducted. 1251 patients who attended school clinics met inclusion criteria were included. The Kruskal-Wallis test multivariable ordinal logistic regression used e-cigarette/vaping only, dual groups in terms risk. Results: total criteria. There 130 reported active users e-cigarettes/vapes, 1094 cigarettes 27 e-cigarettes/vapes cigarettes. showed no statistically significant difference between level among 3 88.9% smokers (both e-cigarettes/vapes), 83.1% only users, 82.5% being placed high/extreme category (P=.693). comparison also not (P=.719) when adjusting for age gender. Conclusion: Though percentage highest group, followed vaping/e-cigarette group lastly there evidence a these groups.

Язык: Английский

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