Exosomes: Large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 347, С. 533 - 543

Опубликована: Май 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(11), С. 17802 - 17846

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by lipid bilayer membrane and secreted most eukaryotic cells. They represent route intercellular communication participate in wide variety physiological pathological processes. The biological roles exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, which delivered to target Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application is diagnostics. hold various biomolecules from host cells, indicative pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they considered vital biomarker discovery Here, we use data the CAS Content Collection provide landscape overview current state delineate trends research advancement exosome applications therapeutics diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, development pipelines. We discuss composition pathway, biogenesis secretion cells recipient cell uptake. assess methods isolation purification, therapy diagnostics, pipelines, exploration goals companies, assortment diseases aim treat, stages research, publication trends. hope this review will be useful understanding knowledge field medical exosomes, an effort further solve remaining challenges fulfilling potential.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration

Materials Today Bio, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18, С. 100522 - 100522

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem class of with the potential self-healing and multidirectional differentiation. In recent years, numerous studies have shown EVs, especially those mesenchymal cells, can promote repair regeneration various tissues and, thus, significant in regenerative medicine. However, due to rapid clearance capacity circulatory system, EVs barely able act persistently at specific sites target tissues. Hydrogels good biocompatibility loose porous structural properties allow them serve as EV carriers, thereby prolonging retention certain areas slowing release EVs. When needed function sites, EV-loaded hydrogels stand an excellent approach. this review, we first introduce sources, roles, extraction characterization methods describe their current application status. We then review different types discuss factors influencing abilities carry summarize several strategies loading into characterizing hydrogels. Furthermore, applications tissue repair. This article concludes summary state research on outlook future directions, which hope will provide promising ideas researchers.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Abstract Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with inescapable drawbacks that might limit its clinical translation. Compared cells, cell-derived exosomes possess numerous advantages, such as non-immunogenicity, non-infusion toxicity, easy access, effortless preservation, and freedom from tumorigenic ethical issues. Exosomes can inherit similar therapeutic effects their parental cells embryonic adult through vertical delivery of pluripotency or multipotency. After a thorough search meticulous dissection relevant literature the last five years, we present this comprehensive, up-to-date, specialty-specific disease-oriented review highlight surgical application exosomes. derived (e.g., embryonic, induced pluripotent, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural, endothelial cells) are capable treating encountered in orthopedic neurosurgery, plastic general cardiothoracic urology, head neck ophthalmology, obstetrics gynecology. The diverse cells-derived hierarchical translation tissue-specific responses, cell-specific molecular signaling pathways. In review, viable potent alternative managing various conditions. We recommend future research combines wisdoms surgeons, nanomedicine practitioners, cell researchers intriguing area.

Язык: Английский

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Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment

Molecular Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30(10), С. 3133 - 3154

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2022

Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, transcriptional post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived promote proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, immunosuppression. MicroRNAs gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The of tumor-host is ubiquitous. Current research increasingly focused on the microenvironment. On basis "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss effects immune T cell exhaustion, overexpression programmed death ligands, create immunosuppressive Furthermore, potential applications prospects clinical biomarkers drug delivery systems. 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Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in exosome-mediated nucleic acid delivery for cancer therapy

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022

Abstract Cancer is a leading public health problem worldwide. Its treatment remains daunting challenge, although significant progress has been made in existing treatments recent years. A large concern the poor therapeutic effect due to lack of specificity and low bioavailability. Gene therapy recently emerged as powerful tool for cancer therapy. However, delivery methods limit its effects. Exosomes, subset extracellular vesicles secreted by most cells, have characteristics good biocompatibility, toxicity immunogenicity, great designability. In past decades, carriers diagnostic markers, they caught extensive attention. This review introduced exosomes, focused on their applications DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering (siRNA), circular (circRNA) other nucleic acids. Meanwhile, application exosome-based clinical trials were presented discussed. Through systematic summarization analysis, advances current challenges exosome-mediated acid are introduced, which will provide theoretical basis development drugs. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Exosome engineering in cell therapy and drug delivery

Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(1), С. 145 - 169

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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M2-type exosomes nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy via macrophage re-polarization

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 341, С. 16 - 30

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage-tumor chimeric exosomes accumulate in lymph node and tumor to activate the immune response and the tumor microenvironment

Science Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(615)

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Despite multiple immunotherapeutic technologies that achieve potent T cell activation, effector cells still lack efficiency because of the highly immunosuppressive conditions in tumor microenvironment. Inspired by recent advances nano-sized secreted vesicles known as exosomes therapeutic agents and research revealing circulating cancer have a “homing” capacity to return main sites, we generated macrophage-tumor hybrid cells. We introduced nuclei isolated from into activated M1-like macrophages produce chimeric (aMT-exos). The aMT-exos were able accumulate both lymph nodes diverse tumors xenograft mice. They entered primed activation classical antigen-presenting cell–induced immunostimulatory manner unique “direct exosome interaction” manner. also had strong “homing behavior” where they ameliorated immunosuppression. effective inducing regression extending survival primary mouse models lymphoma breast melanoma cancers. In addition, when combined with anti–programmed death 1 (a-PD1) treatment, extend metastatic postsurgical recurrence models. Such coactivation immune response microenvironment enabled confer efficient inhibition tumors, metastases, postoperative for personalized immunotherapy, which warrants further exploration clinical setting.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as Naturally Occurring Vehicles for Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Insights from Drug Delivery to Clinical Perspectives

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(6), С. 1481 - 1481

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2021

Exosomes as nanosized vesicles are emerging drug delivery systems for therapeutics owing to their natural origin, ability mediate intercellular communication, and potential encapsulate various biological molecules such proteins nucleic acids within the lipid bilayer membrane or in lumen. contain endogenous components (proteins, lipids, RNA) that could be used deliver cargoes target cells, offering an opportunity diagnose treat diseases. Owing travel safely extracellular fluid transport cells with high efficacy, exosomes offer enhanced of vivo. However, several challenges related stabilization exosomes, production sufficient amounts safety efficient loading drugs into clearance from circulation, transition bench scale clinical may limit development use. For use it is important understand molecular mechanisms behind function exosome vesicles. This review exploits techniques isolation characterization enhance therapeutic outcome methods. Further, routes administration, trials, regulatory aspects will discussed this review.

Язык: Английский

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