Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(3)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on backbones amino acid side chains proteins and expand diversity proteins, which provides basis for emergence organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types protein modifications, such as most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain long-chain acylation redox irreversible have been described, inventory is still increasing. By changing conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter phenotypes biological processes cells. The homeostasis important human health. Abnormal may cause changes in properties loss functions, are closely related occurrence development various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, functions health addition, therapeutic prospects diseases by targeting associated enzymes also summarized. This work will deepen understanding promote discovery diagnostic prognostic markers drug targets

Язык: Английский

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Salivary biomarkers: novel noninvasive tools to diagnose chronic inflammation

International Journal of Oral Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Abstract Several chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, heart disease and cancer are preceded by a state of low-grade inflammation. Biomarkers for the early assessment encompass acute phase proteins (APP), cytokines chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes, lipids oxidative stress mediators. These substances enter saliva through blood flow and, in some cases, there is close relation between their salivary serum concentration. Saliva can be easily collected stored with non-invasive cost-saving procedures, it emerging concept to use detection inflammatory biomarkers. To this purpose, present review aims discuss advantages challenges using standard cutting-edge techniques discover biomarkers which may used diagnosis/therapy several diseases consequences pursuit possibly replace conventional paths detectable soluble mediators saliva. Specifically, describes procedures collection, approaches measurement novel methodological strategies such as biosensors improve quality care chronically affected patients.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Urticaria

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(8), С. 1590 - 1590

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and chronic urticaria (CU) are common skin diseases with an increasing prevalence pathogenesis that not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests oxidative stress plays a role in AD CU. The aim of the single-center cross-sectional study was to compare markers 21 patients AD, 19 CU patients. products protein oxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation were estimated serum. had higher level advanced oxidation lower thiol groups than healthy participants. However, statistically levels AOPP 3-nitrotyrosine subjects. serum TAC decreased significantly There no difference concentration products, Amadori ratio reduced oxidized glutathione, ability albumin binding cobalt between or compared We found moderate positive significant correlation age AD. In CU, negatively correlated age. These results may shed light on etiopathogenesis confirm burden these Furthermore, our could be useful developing new therapeutic methods include using antioxidants dermatological diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Skin senescence—from basic research to clinical practice

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2024

The most recognizable implications of tissue aging manifest themselves on the skin. Skin laxity, roughness, pigmentation disorders, age spots, wrinkles, telangiectasia or hair graying are symptoms physiological aging. Development senescent phenotype depends interaction between cells and remodeling skin’s extracellular matrix (ECM) that contains collagen elastic fiber. Aging changes occur due to combination both endogenous (gene mutation, cellular metabolism hormonal agents) exogenous factors (ultraviolet light, environmental pollutants, unsuitable diet). However, overproduction mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key factor driving senescence. theories have disclosed range diverse molecular mechanisms associated with senescence body. Theories best supported by evidence include protein glycation, oxidative stress, telomere shortening, cell cycle arrest, limited number divisions. Accumulation ECM damage suggested be in skin Every indicates functional morphological change may used as biomarker Senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA-β-gal), inhibitors (p16INK4a, p21CIP1, p27, p53), DNA segments chromatin alterations reinforcing (DNA-SCARS), senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), shortening telomeres downregulation lamina B1 constitute just an example biomarkers known so far. also assessed non-invasively through measuring fluorescence advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This review summarizes recent knowledge pathogenesis clinical conditions well

Язык: Английский

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Association Between Salivary Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors and Salivary Gland Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Journal of Inflammation Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 16, С. 1103 - 1120

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory that leads to multiple organ complications not only in the kidneys and cardiovascular system, but also oral cavity. CKD children experience reduced saliva secretion (hyposalivation), which increased incidence of dental caries significant impairment patients' quality life. However, causes salivary gland dysfunction with are unknown. The present study first evaluate anti-inflammatory profile at different stages renal failure normal function. Methods: Thirty (age 9– 16) thirty age- gender-matched healthy were classified for study. Salivary assayed using multiplex ELISA assay. Results: We demonstrated statistically changes pro-inflammatory (↑TNF-α, ↓IL-7), (↑IL-10), Th1 (↑INF-γ, ↑IL-15), Th2 (↑IL-4, ↑IL-5, ↑IL-6, ↑IL-9) Th17 (IL-17) cytokines as well chemokines (↑MCP-1/CCL-2, ↑MIP-1α/CCL3, ↓MIP-1β/CCL4, ↓EOTAXIN/CCL11) growth factors (↑G-CSF, ↑FGF) unstimulated compared controls. Although evaluation does indicate particular dominance any branches immune we observed increase concentration all assayed. multivariate regression analysis showed content cytokines, depends on secretory function glands, ie, flow, total protein amylase activity saliva. MIP-1α/CCL3 was most effective differentiate hyposalivation from patients secretion. Discussion: Inflammation involved CKD, although further studies vitro vivo models necessary confirm this hypothesis. Keywords: chronic disease, saliva, inflammation, dysfunction,

Язык: Английский

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The Salivary Transcriptome: A Window into Local and Systemic Gene Expression Patterns

Methods in molecular biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Association of inflammation and protein carbamylation in patients with COVID-19

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Carbamylation involves the non-enzymatic binding of isocyanic acid to amino groups proteins, making it associated with many pathological conditions, including inflammation, aging, arteriosclerosis, and renal failure. However, there are no data on protein carbamylation in patients COVID-19. Our study is first evaluate association between blood inflammation who died from COVID-19 compared survivors. The included 50 admitted Dr. Tytus Chałubiński Specialist Hospital Radom, Poland. Twenty-five them were survivors (15 men, 10 women), 25 deceased women). number subjects was based a pilot assuming significance level 0.05 test power 0.8. Plasma/serum samples assayed for carbamyl-lysine (CBL) inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, procalcitonin, D-dimer, IL-6, WBC). concentration CBL measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis performed Mann-Whitney U Spearman rank correlation. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) used assess diagnostic utility serum CBL. Serum levels significantly higher (p = 0.0011). There positive correlation WBC. >101 ng/mL, moderate sensitivity specificity, differentiate recovered (area under curve 0.76). In conclusion, excessive carbamylation. Inflammation may be source production A thorough understanding consequences increased clarify complications.

Язык: Английский

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Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Human Health and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(17), С. 10076 - 10076

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2022

Homeostasis is a self-regulatory dynamic process that maintains stable internal environment in the human body. These regulations are essential for optimal functioning of enzymes necessary health. elucidates disrupted mechanisms leading to development various pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress. In our work, we discuss redox homeostasis and salivary antioxidant activity during healthy periods disease: dental carries, oral cavity cancer, periodontal diseases, cardiovascular diabetes mellitus, systemic sclerosis, pancreatitis. The composition saliva reflects changes organism, which makes it an excellent tool determining clinically valuable biomarkers. may form first line defense against Analysis antioxidants be helpful as diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic marker not only oral, but also

Язык: Английский

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Changes in a Comprehensive Profile of Saliva Analytes in Fattening Pigs during a Complete Productive Cycle: A Longitudinal Study

Animals, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(14), С. 1865 - 1865

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

A comprehensive panel of 29 salivary analytes was measured in fattening pigs to evaluate its possible changes along their productive cycle. The identification those would allow a better interpretation the results according phase animal. Saliva samples were obtained from 49 Large-White (24 females, 25 males) suckling phase, at beginning and end nursery growing phase. Several changed cycle, with most showing higher values lactation nursery. Additionally, differences seen due sex. When relations between performance parameters evaluated, significant positive but weak relationships found weight birth γ-glutamyl transferase, back-fat thickness lactate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, can be depending on sex animals.

Язык: Английский

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Xerogenic medications may contribute to decreased unstimulated salivary flow in patients with oral burning and/or gastro-esophageal reflux disease

Frontiers in Dental Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023

Background Patients who complain of mucosal burning sensations (i.e., glossodynia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, GERD) often take multiple medications. However, the relationship between xerogenic medication intake salivary flow in these patients has not been thoroughly examined. Methods A retrospective study 192 consecutive diagnosed with (ICD-10-CM) at a regional center over six-year period was performed. Data from electronic health records were extracted relationships intake, unstimulated whole rate (UWSFR), xerostomia, GERD determined by chi-square, t -test, correlation analysis. Results Of 134 that met inclusion criteria, 87.1% reported daily one or more Two medications taken significantly reporting than those without ( p = .02). UWSFR negatively correlated number [ r (103) −.277, .005] −.195, .049]. The lowest observed use trazodone cyclobenzaprine. Conclusions Daily hyposalivation, xerostomia commonly present potentially interrelated suffer and/or GERD. Practical implications Clinicians should be aware consequences prescribing certain reducing UWSFR, especially physiologically risk hyposalivation such as suffering glossodynia.

Язык: Английский

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