Health and financial costs of adverse childhood experiences in 28 European countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(11), С. e848 - e857

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2021

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased health risks across the life course. We aimed to estimate annual and financial burden of ACEs for 28 European countries.

Язык: Английский

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Childhood maltreatment is associated with distrust and negatively biased emotion processing

Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2021

Abstract Background Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) propose that trauma entails cognitive alterations increased distrust and perceived threat from others. We tested whether these predictions also hold in individuals with varying levels childhood maltreatment (CM), which is much more prevalent than traumatic events as required for a PTSD diagnosis. hypothesized higher CM would entail greater threat, be change-resistant participants CM. Methods The study was pre-registered; the pre-registration protocol, data, code are available at https://osf.io/pufy2/ . recruited 549 ( M age = 29.2, 74.5% women) an online via websites related to CM, Borderline Personality Disorder, snowball method on social media. Participants self-reported their level questionnaire (CTQ). Next, they played two rounds hypothetical game, indicating trustworthiness avatars by way estimating expected monetary deductions them (i.e. amounts distrust). After first round, we provided feedback very little money taken them. those less responsive positive adapt estimates subsequent round. Following completed emotion rating task rated emotional expressions 60 faces scale ‘very negative’ positive’. included angry, fearful, happy facial expressions, provide negative ratings. conducted linear mixed effects random intercepts raters stimuli (crossed), modelled slopes all within-person predictors. Results As hypothesized, were associated weaker decrease following feedback. Further supporting our hypotheses, showed negatively shifted Conclusions Increased interpersonal trauma, proposed PTSD, likely apply dose-response relationship. discuss clinical implications considering any potentially relevant treatment-factor, even when trauma-related not main diagnosis, future research avenues.

Язык: Английский

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Epistemic trust and personality functioning mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in adulthood

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2022

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with posttraumatic and complex stress disorder symptoms in adulthood (PTSD/cPTSD), as well reduced epistemic trust (trust the authenticity personal relevance of interpersonally transmitted information) impaired personality functioning. The present work aims to investigate predictive value trust—the capacity for social learning—on mediating effect functioning association ACEs PTSD/cPTSD. Methods We conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) based on representative data German population ( N = 2,004). Personality (OPD-SQS) was applied a mediator between PTSD/cPTSD (ITQ), while (ETMCQ) added predictor OPD-SQS. TLI, CFI, RMSEA (95%-CI) determined models’ fit. Results 477 (23.8%) participants reported at least one ACE n 218 (10.9%) ≥4 ACEs. Fit indices were good both PTSD (TLI 0.96; CFI 0.99; 0.06; 95%CI: 0.041–0.078) cPTSD 0.043–0.081). significantly (β 0.44, p < 0.001) 0.29, 0.001), explaining 20 8% its variance. Adding increased explained variance 47 19% direct cPTSD/PTSD decreased 0.21/β 0.17), thus, indicating partial mediation. Including substantially (41%) compared single (16%). Conclusion add previous research emphasizing symptoms. Offering insights underlying mechanisms, we show that relevant mediators. Since modifiable by psychotherapy, knowledge about role these constructs can inform psychotherapeutic interventions prevention.

Язык: Английский

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A Scoping Review on Adverse Childhood Experiences Studies Using Latent Class Analysis: Strengths and Challenges

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) studies reveal the profound impacts of experiencing trauma and hardships in childhood. However, cumulative risk approach treating ACEs obscures heterogeneity their consequences, making actionable interventions impossible. latent class analysis (LCA) has increasingly been used to address these concerns by identifying underlying subgroups people who experience distinctive patterns co-occurring ACEs. Though LCA its strengths, existing research produces few comparable findings because results are dependent on measures indicators, which vary widely study. Therefore, a scoping review using that focuses measures, is needed inform field. Following Arksey O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework, we first identified 211 articles from databases EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus "adverse experiences" for title search "latent analysis" abstract search. Based inclusion criteria peer-reviewed written English published 2012 2022 exclusion nonempirical not analyzing ACEs, finally selected 58 this review. Results showed endorsed community examine associations between human health well-being across culturally diverse populations. overcame limitations traditional methods revealing specific clusters exert potent effects certain outcomes. arbitrary nature selecting limited use theory impedes field moving forward.

Язык: Английский

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Is the end in the beginning? Child maltreatment increases the risk of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts through impaired personality functioning

Child Abuse & Neglect, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 133, С. 105870 - 105870

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Networks of Adversity in Childhood and Adolescence and Their Relationship to Adult Mental Health

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 51(12), С. 1769 - 1784

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2022

Adverse experiences before the age of eighteen are common and include diverse events ranging from sexual abuse to parental divorce. These stressful have been linked physical mental health issues. Previous research has focused mainly on childhood adversity, such as in family environment. Little consideration given adversities that may be particularly harmful adolescence. To understand adolescents' adverse experiences, this project used data Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children (ALSPAC, total N = 14,901, ≈ 1,200 - 10,000 per measure). We modelled interrelations (1-11 years) adolescence (11-23 examined adversity clusters using network analysis. found two similar networks: (1) direct (2) factors. identified a third cluster (3) educational social for For both groups, emotional environment was closely early adulthood most were with depression adulthood. In adolescence, housing academic issues by romantic partner central adversities. Thus, we commonalities differences relevance at different developmental stages. findings highlight need develop age-dependent frameworks policymaking.

Язык: Английский

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Adverse childhood experiences and personality functioning interact substantially in predicting depression, anxiety, and somatization

Personality and Mental Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(3), С. 246 - 258

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2023

Etiological theories on the development of psychopathology often incorporate adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as an important contributing factor. Recent studies suggest personality functioning (PF; i.e., stability self and interpersonal relationships) transdiagnostic construct that could be useful in better understanding when persons with ACE do (not) develop psychopathological symptoms. A representative sample N = 2363 was assessed by questionnaires ACE, PF (Level Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0), current symptoms depression, anxiety, somatization (Brief Symptom Inventory 18). The interaction between investigated using multiple group models Bayesian structural equation modeling. were positively associated impairments. effect explained incremental variance symptoms, ranging from 26% for to 49% depression complete model explaining up 91% latent psychopathology. Our findings indicate a diathesis-stress resource or resilience may buffer against face adversity. Treatments anxiety targeting therefore lead improvements relapse prevention. [Correction added 15 March 2023, after first online publication: Level has been replaced 2.0 ].

Язык: Английский

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Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 1335 - 1348

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

Over the past two decades, technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA) has become focus of attention in politics, legislation, society, as well research. However, majority literature and studies primarily on offenders. This scoping review therefore aims to illustrate how victims TA-CSA are represented primary participants. The databases Embase, PsychInfo, PSYNDEX, Cochrane Library, Web Science reference lists were searched. Studies needed be published between 2007 2021 obtain data directly from about included this review. A total 570 articles identified which 20 met inclusion criteria. analysis showed that can obtained via different samples like adult minor or other such legal documents sexualized images. researched types including exposure pornographic material, online grooming leading both offline abuse, sexting images, visual depiction sexually explicit content. Consequences due an emotional psychological nature, medical physical impacted relationships, social environment. Even though impact appeared similar TA-CSA, much remains unknown. In order gain further more detailed insight into a universally accepted definition its their distinctions needs established.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiology of intimate partner violence perpetration and victimisation in a representative sample

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Aims Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major global public health problem. Although IPV known to be frequent and perpetration victimisation often co-occur, large representative samples assessing both, male female overlaps are missing date. Thus, we aimed assess its overlap in physical, sexual, psychological economic sample of the German population. Methods We conducted cross-sectional, observational study Germany from July October 2021. Using different sampling steps including random route procedure, probability population was generated. The final consisted 2503 persons (50.2% female, mean age: 49.5 years). Participants were asked about socio-demographic information face-to-face interview experience psychological, sexual using questionnaire. Results A significant proportion reporting both perpetrator victim for each form. biggest between seen IPV. Major risk factors only gender adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) while comprised gender, low household income ACEs. In group, differences less significant; older age lower did increase likelihood combined victimisation. Conclusions have identified men women. However, at much higher perpetrate without being victim. Further research development adapted approaches contexts overlapping necessary.

Язык: Английский

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Predictors of Parental Coping During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey in Germany

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has been profoundly affecting nearly everybody, but families with minors have hit particularly. Closure of schools and kindergartens, home schooling, working from led to a profound upheaval in family life. Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an important determinant for parenting behavior. Importantly, ACEs can increase the vulnerability stress impair coping strategies. current leads increased parental stress, risk factor harsh behavior, Therefore, we aimed assess role sociodemographic factors associated during pandemic. In cross-sectional online survey, 687 parents Germany were included. Demographic psychosocial first lockdown due assessed. Results show that younger age respective child, income loss, dissatisfaction sharing childcare duties, significantly potential harmful behavior An duties was predicted by taking care children mainly oneself, while partner equally resulted even satisfaction These findings demonstrate history adversity parent is caregiving Sharing between partners should be encouraged.

Язык: Английский

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