Short-chain fatty acids in diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in gastrointestinal tract. The absorption SCFAs is mediated substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number studies have implicated microorganisms crucial executors diet-based microbial influence on host. important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent a major carbon flux from diet, that decomposed gut microbiota. play vital role multiple molecular biological processes, promoting secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 IECs to inhibit elevation blood glucose, expression G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 GPR43, inhibiting histone deacetylases, participate regulation proliferation, differentiation, function IECs. affect motility, barrier function, host Furthermore, regulatory roles local, intermediate, peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, butyrate SCFAs, they involved immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, lipid Herein, we review diverse functional this class reflect their ability intestine, metabolic, other diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation

Cells, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(5), С. 1234 - 1234

Опубликована: Май 16, 2020

Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to onset inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring homeostasis through normalization is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach treat IBD patients. The customization microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal transplantation, therefore support current therapies management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements understanding host−microbe interactions basis promote homeostatic therapies. By considering dysbiosis as key feature for establishment chronic events, near future it be suitable design new cost-effective, physiologic, patient-oriented strategies treatment that can applied personalized manner.

Язык: Английский

---

Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2021

In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and enhance animal poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in microbiota associated with diseases. The application of has other side effects like, barrier dysfunction, residues foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy antibiotics. Thus, development new is necessary, while search antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered ideal substitute; recent years, probiotic research concerning their during infections humans, aquaculture, poultry, livestock industry, emphasis on modulating immune system host, attracting considerable interest. Hence, adverse remedial probiotics infectious diseases become central points focus among researchers. live microorganisms, when given adequate quantities, confer good health host through different mechanisms. Among them, regulation response one most important A number studies investigated aspects probiotics. this review, we mainly summarize discoveries discuss two aspects: (1) infections; (2) modulatory non-infectious

Язык: Английский

---

Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Intestinal bacteria may influence lung homeostasis via the gut-lung axis. We conducted a single-center, quadruple-blinded, randomized trial in adult symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) outpatients. Subjects were allocated 1:1 to probiotic formula (strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP022, KABP023, and KAPB033, plus strain Pediococcus acidilactici KABP021, totaling 2 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU)) or placebo, for 30 days. Co-primary endpoints included: i) proportion of patients complete viral remission; ii) progressing moderate severe disease with hospitalization, death; iii) days on Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Three hundred subjects (median age 37.0 years [range 18 60], 161 [53.7%] women, 126 [42.0%] having known metabolic risk factors), 293 completed study (97.7%). Complete remission was achieved by 78 147 (53.1%) group compared 41 146 (28.1%) placebo (RR: 1.89 [95 CI 1.40-2.55]; P < .001), significant after multiplicity correction. No hospitalizations deaths occurred during study, precluding assessment remaining co-primary outcomes. Probiotic supplementation well-tolerated reduced nasopharyngeal load, infiltrates duration both digestive non-digestive symptoms, placebo. compositional changes detected fecal microbiota between but significantly increased specific IgM IgG against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) It is thus hypothesized this primarily acts interacting host's immune system rather than changing colonic composition. Future studies should replicate these findings elucidate its mechanism action (Registration: NCT04517422).Abbreviations: AE: Adverse Event; BMI: Body Mass Index; CONSORT: CONsolidated Standards Reporting Trials; CFU: Colony-Forming Units; eDRF: Electronic Daily Report Form; GLA: Gut-Lung Axis; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein; HR: Hazard Ratio; ICU: Unit; OR: Odds PCoA: Principal Coordinate Analysis; RR: Relative Risk; RT-qPCR: Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction; SARS-CoV2: acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SpO2: Peripheral Oxygen Saturation; WHO: World Health Organization.

Язык: Английский

---

Breast and Gut Microbiota Action Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Treatment

Cancers, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(9), С. 2465 - 2465

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2020

In breast cancer (BC) the employment of sequencing technologies for metagenomic analyses has allowed not only description overall landscape but also specific microbial changes and their functional implications. Most available data suggest that BC is related to bacterial dysbiosis in both gut microenvironment tissue. It hypothesized composition functions several taxa may contribute development progression through pathways. One most prominent roles microbiota regulation steroid-hormone metabolism, such as estrogens, a component playing an important role risk factor development, especially postmenopausal women. On other hand, resident are link reciprocal interactions between cells local environment, since capable modulating mucosal systemic immune responses. Several vivo vitro studies show remarkable evidence diet, probiotics prebiotics could exert anticarcinogenic effects BC. Moreover, have metabolism chemotherapeutic drugs activity immunogenic chemotherapies they potential dominant mediator response therapy. Then, microbiome impact multi-factorial, tissue bacteria population be regulating system, tumor formation therapy and/or resistance.

Язык: Английский

---

Metabolic Syndrome and PCOS: Pathogenesis and the Role of Metabolites

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(12), С. 869 - 869

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases among women reproductive age and associated with many metabolic manifestations, such as obesity, insulin resistance (IR) hyperandrogenism. The underlying pathogenesis these symptoms has not yet been fully elucidated. With application metabolomics techniques, a variety metabolite changes have observed in serum follicular fluid (FF) PCOS patients animal models. Changes metabolites result from daily diet occur during uncommon physiological routines. However, some may provide evidence to explain possible mechanisms new approaches for prevention therapy. This article reviews relationship between pathophysiology PCOS. Furthermore, potential clinical specific will be discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Probiotics: A Focus on Human Health

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(5), С. 1065 - 1065

Опубликована: Май 21, 2022

Functional foods are classified as traditional or staple that provide an essential nutritional level and share potentially positive effects on host health, including the reduction of disease by optimizing immune system's ability to prevent control infections pathogens, well pathologies cause functional alterations in host. This chapter reviews most recent research advances this area discusses some perspectives what future holds area.

Язык: Английский

---

Postbiotics and Their Health Modulatory Biomolecules

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(11), С. 1640 - 1640

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2022

Postbiotics are a new category of biotics that have the potential to confer health benefits but, unlike probiotics, do not require living cells induce effects and thus subject food safety requirements apply live microorganisms. defined as “preparation inanimate microorganisms and/or their components confers benefit on host”. Postbiotic include short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, vitamins, teichoic bacteriocins, enzymes peptides in non-purified inactivated cell preparation. While research into postbiotics is its infancy, there increasing evidence modulate human health. Specifically, number been shown improve gut by strengthening barrier, reducing inflammation promoting antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Additionally, being conducted application other areas body, including skin, vagina oral cavity. The purpose this review set out current postbiotics, demonstrate how currently used commercial products identify knowledge gaps where further needed for future applications postbiotics.

Язык: Английский

---

Role of Dietary Supplements and Probiotics in Modulating Microbiota and Bone Health: The Gut-Bone Axis

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(4), С. 743 - 743

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2022

Osteoporosis is characterized by an alteration of bone microstructure with a decreased mineral density, leading to the incidence fragility fractures. Around 200 million people are affected osteoporosis, representing major health burden worldwide. Several factors involved in pathogenesis osteoporosis. Today, altered intestinal homeostasis being investigated as potential additional risk factor for reduced and, therefore, novel therapeutic target. The microflora influences osteoclasts’ activity regulating serum levels IGF-1, while also acting on absorption calcium. It therefore not surprising that gut dysbiosis impacts health. Microbiota alterations affect OPG/RANKL pathway osteoclasts, and correlated strength quality. In this context, it has been hypothesized dietary supplements, prebiotics, probiotics contribute microecological balance important aim present comprehensive review describe state art role supplements agents regulation through microbiota modulation.

Язык: Английский

---

The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1388 - 1388

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of entire organism. gut microbiota generates variety metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as regulation immune system. In gut, bacteria are direct contact with host. major challenge here prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand other ensure system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here REDOX equilibrium utmost importance. This controlled by either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for stable balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced status affects disrupting intracellular signaling promoting responses. we (i) focus most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) (ii) define transition from state oxidative stress. Further, (iii) describe ROS regulating Thereafter, (iv) examine influence homeostasis how shifts pro- anti-oxidative cellular conditions suppress promote responses inflammation.

Язык: Английский

---