Characterization of Flavor Profiles of Cigar Tobacco Leaves Grown in China via Headspace–Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Analysis and Sensory Evaluation

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(14), С. 15996 - 16005

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Although cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) have a high economic value, research regarding the flavor characteristics of CTLs is currently limited. A comprehensive study from different regions China was conducted by identifying their volatile-flavor-containing compounds (VFCs) and flavors. The samples were analyzed via gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) sensory evaluation. Results revealed considerable differences in VFC contents China, suggesting that VFLs could be influenced geographical origin. Mainly, phenols, pyrazines, aldehydes present Sichuan. High esters pyrazines Hubei, while major components Hainan. Multivariate analysis results showed effective differentiation origins based on GC–IMS results. Sensory evaluation flavors different. 1,8-Pinene, 3-methyl-3-butene-1-ol, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine, 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, (E)-2-pentenal might serve as marker compounds, indicating origin This may beneficial for trade development products.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative profiling of microbial communities and volatile organic compounds in fermented wrapper, binder, and filler cigar tobaccos

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Abstract Background Economic benefits for tobacco growers are closely linked to the quality of fermented cigar leaves (CTLs). This research focused on an in-depth examination microbial community and flavor compounds within CTLs, specifically analyzing wrapper, binder, filler components a cigar. The primary objective was unravel complex relationship between composition resultant profiles, thereby providing insights that could enhance economic value CTLs. Results study revealed distinct variations in chemicals microbiota across different sections Prominent species identified CTLs included Corynebacterium , Pseudomonas Staphylococcus Aspergillus Cladosporium . Bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS) analysis pinpointed five bacterial four fungal as key contributors compound formation. Additionally, considering Within-module Among-module connectivity highlighted two thirteen genera keystone species. from Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) further underscored influential role microorganisms defining CTLs' profile. Conclusions findings illuminate intricate interplay microbes traditional fermentation process Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Multiomics provides insights into the succession of microbiota and metabolite during plant leaf fermentation

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 221, С. 115304 - 115304

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Bacillus altitudinis inoculants on cigar tobacco leaf fermentation

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

Introduction Microbial succession and metabolic adjustment during cigar tobacco leaf (CTL) fermentation are key factors to improve the quality flavor of CTLs. However, interactions in above processes remain be further elucidated. Methods Bacillus altitudinis inoculants were added CTLs, metagenomics metabolomics used analyze effects on regulating microbial succession, shift, aroma production fermentation. Results discussion The addition reinforced CTL macromolecule transformation facilitated efficiently, total was increased by 43% compared with natural omics analysis showed that Staphylococcus a main contributor fatty acid degradation, inositol phosphate metabolism, energy supply (oxidative phosphorylation), nutrient transport (ABC transporter phosphotransferase system [PTS]), (terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, phenylalanine degradation aromatic compounds). Furthermore, positively correlated TCA cycle intermediates (citric acid, fumaric aconitic acid), cell wall components, peptidoglycan (GlcNAc-1-P UDP-GlcNAc), phytic products (inositol). characteristics collectively most dominant community at genus level microflora succession. supplemented nutritional components enhanced activity diversity bacteria such as Corynebacterium , improved their competitive advantages richness communities. Additionally, shift nicotine NAD + anabolism from first observed. Meanwhile, significantly correlative differential metabolites complement, thus forming completely dynamic ecosystem. results provided evidence for optimization.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal communities are more sensitive to mildew than bacterial communities during tobacco storage processes

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 108(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Metabolomics-based study of chemical compositions in cellulase additives derived from a tobacco-origin Bacillus subtilis and their impact on tobacco sensory attributes

Archives of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 206(4)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Screening, identification, and mechanism analysis of starch-degrading bacteria during curing process in tobacco leaf

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Tobacco, a vital economic crop, had its quality post-curing significantly influenced by starch content. Nonetheless, the existing process parameters during curing were inadequate to satisfy degradation requirements. Microorganisms exhibit inherent advantages in degradation, offering significant potential tobacco process. Our study concentrated on microbial populations surface of leaves and rhizosphere soil. A strain capable designated as BS3, was successfully isolated identified Bacillus subtilis phylogenetic tree analysis based 16SrDNA sequence. The application BS3 enhanced enzyme activity accelerated Furthermore, analyses metagenome, transcriptome, metabolome indicated that facilitated regulating microbiota composition affecting genes related hydrolyzed protein key metabolites leaves. This offered new strategies for efficiently improving

Язык: Английский

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Analyzing the quality differences between healthy and moldy cigar tobacco leaves during the air-curing process through fungal communities and physicochemical components

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Introduction The air-curing process of cigar tobacco, as a key step in enhancing the quality cigars, is often susceptible to contamination by mold spores, which severely constrains tobacco. Methods This study employed high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology and continuous flow analysis system analyze differences between microbial communities physicochemical components moldy healthy tobacco leaves. Furthermore, correlation was performed reveal impact on Results flora compositions (MC) (HC) leaves were analyzed, revealing significant disparities two groups. Aspergillus spp. represented dominant MC, with nine out twelve isolated molds showing higher quantities MC than HC. Mold notably decreased total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), alkaloids (TA), starch, protein, flavor constituents while increasing fatty acid esters (TFAA), accompanied shift towards weakly acidic pH Fungal community indicated reduction fungal operational taxonomic unit (OUT) numbers diversity indices contrasting bacterial trends. exhibited significantly relative abundance LEfSe pinpointing it primary driver differentiation. negative correlations observed TP, TA, positive association evident TFAA. Network underscored pivotal role species influencing HC its serving critical determinant during process. Discussion elucidated substantial distinctions air-curing, emerging contributing leaf mold.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of microbial community on the formation of flavor components in cigar tobacco leaves during air-curing

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

The air-curing process of cigar tobacco leaves is typically conducted in an open environment, involving the participation various microorganisms. However, effect microbial communities during on formation flavor components remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to reveal dynamics and community changes, explore potential role process. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Pantoea, Sphingomonas Pseudomonas were dominant bacterial genera process, while Aspergillus was fungal genus. Subsequently, volatile shows alkaloids most important compounds leaves, followed by esters, alcohols aldehydes. Furthermore, 38 characteristic at different periods identified based PLS-DA air-curing. correlation between microorganisms Pantoea Staphylococcus might promote from browning post-air-curing positively correlated with specific like phenylacetaldehyde acetophenone. Phoma, Mycosphaerella, Wallemia, Cladosporium as key influencing formation, they positive correlations multiple components. These information enrich our understanding air curing. There a complex components, which may have great influence leaves. Bacterial higher species diversity richness air-curing, more characteristics flavor, play roles formation. This revealed provided guidance for subsequent screening functional improve stabilize flavor.

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Four Different Varieties of Cigar Tobacco Leaves from China Using HS-SPME-GC × GC-TOF-MS Combined with Flavor Profiling

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(6), С. 5819 - 5828

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

In order to conduct in-depth research on the stylistic characteristics of different varieties cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), we have carried out following work: first, Soxhlet extraction method was utilized for pretreatment 4 CTLs currently available in China. Then, two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) technology applied nontargeted flavoromics analysis CTLs. A total 2117 volatile compounds were identified extracts varieties, encompassing alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives, esters, hydrocarbons, alkenes, heterocyclic compounds, aromatics. Results from multivariate statistical analyses (principal component (PCA) orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant (OPLS-DA)) revealed significant differences compound profiles among CTL varieties. Based relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis, key flavor determined each variety, contributing unique aroma cigars. Overall, shared similar profiles, characterized by sweetness, fruitiness, greenness, nuttiness, floral notes, with BX1 DX2 particularly standing sweetness additionally prominent fruitiness. HY101, however, relatively lacking these attributes compared other 3 Nine differential compounds-1-butanol, 3-methyl; 1-hexanol; benzeneacetaldehyde; naphthalene; benzaldehyde; isophorone; 2-heptanone, furan, 2-pentyl; pyrazine, trimethyl, trimethylpyrazine-were as characteristic markers We believe that this study will not only provide important variety identification but also offer scientific basis improving quality market advantages leaves.

Язык: Английский

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