Improving brain health via the central executive network

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Abstract Cognitive and physical stress have significant effects on brain health, particularly through their influence the central executive network (CEN). The CEN, which includes regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex inferior parietal lobe, is to managing demands of cognitively challenging motor tasks. Acute can temporarily reduce connectivity within leading impaired cognitive function emotional states. However a rebound in these states often follows, driven by motivational signals mesocortical mesolimbic pathways, help sustain inhibitory control task execution. Chronic exposure challenges leads long‐term improvements CEN functionality. These changes are supported neurochemical, structural systemic adaptations, including mechanisms tissue crosstalk. Myokines, adipokines, anti‐inflammatory cytokines gut‐derived metabolites contribute biochemical environment that enhances neuroplasticity, reduces neuroinflammation supports neurotransmitters serotonin dopamine. processes strengthen connectivity, improve self‐regulation enable individuals adopt health‐optimizing behaviours. Long‐term activity not only but also risk age‐related decline neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights role progressive exercise practical approach strengthening promoting offering strategy resilience well‐being across lifespan. image

Язык: Английский

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Association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity trajectories and academic achievement in Chinese primary school children: a 3-year longitudinal study

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis: the mediator of exercise and brain health

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract The brain controls the nerve system, allowing complex emotional and cognitive activities. microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional neural, hormonal, immune signaling pathway that could link gastrointestinal tract to brain. Over past few decades, gut microbiota has been demonstrated be an essential component of plays crucial role in regulating most functions various body organs. effects on occur through production neurotransmitters, hormones, metabolites, regulation host-produced or synthesis metabolites by themselves. This affects host's behavior, mood, attention state, brain's food reward system. Meanwhile, there intimate association between exercise. Exercise can change numerically qualitatively, which may partially responsible for widespread benefits regular physical activity human health. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) non-invasive method show areas enabling delineation specific regions involved neurocognitive disorders. Through combining exercise tasks fMRI techniques, researchers observe higher functions. However, exercise's health via have little studied. article reviews highlights connections these three interactions, will help us further understand positive provide new strategies approaches prevention treatment diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Physical exercise for brain plasticity promotion an overview of the underlying oscillatory mechanism

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

The global recognition of the importance physical exercise (PE) for human health has resulted in increased research on its effects cortical activity. Neural oscillations, which are prominent features brain activity, serve as crucial indicators studying PE function. Existing studies support idea that modifies various types neural oscillations. While EEG-related literature science exists, a comprehensive review specifically healthy populations not yet been conducted. Given demonstrated influence plasticity, particularly oscillatory it is imperative to consolidate this phenomenon. Therefore, aims summarize numerous neuromodulatory mechanisms over past decade, covering (1) resistance and aerobic training via oscillations; (2) how mind-body affects activity cognitive functioning; (3) age-Related neurodegenerative disease rehabilitation oscillation mechanisms; (4) conclusion future direction. In conclusion, effect multifaceted process, seeks comprehensively examine existing studies' understanding regulates brain, providing more scientific theoretical foundation development personalized programs further research.

Язык: Английский

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Decision‐making accuracy of soccer referees in relation to markers of internal and external load

European Journal of Sport Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(6), С. 659 - 669

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Abstract This study examined the relationships between decision‐making performances of soccer referees and markers physiological load. Following baseline measurements habituation procedures, 13 national‐level male completed a novel Soccer Referee Simulation whilst simultaneously adjudicating on series video‐based clips. The correctness each decision was assessed in relation to mean heart rate (HR), respiratory (RR), minute ventilation (VE), perceptions breathlessness (RPE‐B) local muscular (RPE‐M) exertion running speeds recorded 10‐s 60‐s preceding decisions. There significant association accuracy HR ( p = 0.042; V C 0.272) RR 0.024, 0.239) decisions, with significantly more errors observed when ≥ 90% max (OR, 5.39) 80% peak 3.34). Decision‐making also associated performed 0.003; 0.320) 0.016; 0.253) workloads ≥250 m·min −1 an increased occurrence decisional 3.84). Finally, there RPE‐B 0.021; 0.287), disproportionate number occurring rated as “very strong” “maximal” 7.19). Collectively, current data offer insights into detrimental effects that high may have upon referees. Such information be useful designing combined physical training programmes prepare for periods match play prove most problematic their decision‐making.

Язык: Английский

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Basketball Fatigue Impact on Kinematic Parameters and 3-Point Shooting Accuracy: Insights across Players’ Positions and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associations of High-Level Players

Sports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3), С. 63 - 63

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

This study investigated the impact of basketball-induced fatigue on 3-point jump shooting accuracy, ball’s entry angle (EA) into hoop, shot release time (RT), their relationship with player positions in high-level basketball, and correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness markers potential performance changes. Guards (n = 13), forwards centers 12) underwent physiological assessments. Sequentially, they performed 15 shots (PRE), a basketball exercise simulation (BEST) involving 24 × 30 s circuit activities, repeated test (POST). The design was double-blind. results revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) RT, EA, successful (SSs) PRE POST each group. percentage changes from to conditions across guards, forwards, were for RT: 25.34% [95%CI: 1.7–48.98], 19.73% −1.9–41.36], 14.95% −5.23–35.13]; EA: −3.89% −14.82–7.04], −3.13% −12.9–6.64], −3.47% −14.19–7.25]; SS: −14.42% −36.5–7.66], −16.76% −40.81–7.29], −19.44% −46.7–7.82], respectively. Post-test highlighted greater SS guards centers. Additionally, correlations found ventilatory threshold, mean HR during BEST, SS. highlights substantial parameters interplay factors post-fatigue. Tailored training, considering heart rate, is crucial optimizing performance.

Язык: Английский

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Inverted U-shape-like functional connectivity alterations in cognitive resting-state networks depending on exercise intensity: An fMRI study

Brain and Cognition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 177, С. 106156 - 106156

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Acute physical activity influences cognitive performance. However, the relationship between exercise intensity, neural network activity, and performance remains poorly understood. This study examined effects of different intensities on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) Twenty male athletes (27.3 ± 3.6 years) underwent cycling exercises (high, low, rest/control) days in randomized order. Before after, subjects performed magnetic resonance imaging a behavioral Attention Network Test (ANT). Independent component analysis Linear mixed models rsFC changes within ten networks. No significant were identified ANT Resting-state analyses revealed interaction Left Frontoparietal Network, driven by non-significant increase after low-intensity decrease high-intensity exercise, suggestive an inverted U-shape intensity rsFC. Similar but trend-level interactions observed Dorsal (DAN) Cerebellar Basal Ganglia Network. Explorative correlation positive association increases right superior parietal lobule (part DAN) better orienting condition. Results indicate intensity-dependent subacute cognition-related networks, their cognitive-behavioral relevance needs further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Combined effects of electrical muscle stimulation and cycling exercise on cognitive performance

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 17, 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a combination electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and cycling exercise is beneficial for improving cognitive performance. Eighteen participants (7 females 11 males) performed Go/No-Go task before 2 min after i) (EX), ii) EMS (EMS + EX) iii) control (rest) intervention in randomized controlled crossover design. In the EX intervention, cycled an ergometer 20 with their heart rate maintained at ∼120 beats·min -1 . simultaneously min, Control remained rest while seated on ergometer. Cognitive performance assessed by reaction time (RT) accuracy. There significant interaction between ( p = 0.007). RT reduced 0.054, matched rank biserial correlation coefficient 0.520). not altered 0.243, Cohen’s d 0.285) despite no differences interventions 0.551). increased 0.038, −0.529). These results indicate that combining does alter elevated rate, equivalent moderate intensity. present findings suggest brain activity during may be insufficient improve when compared alone.

Язык: Английский

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Measuring Brain Haemodynamic Activity and Afferent Visual Function: A Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between fNIRS, the King–Devick Test and Suspected Sport-Related Concussions

Physiologia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. 4 - 4

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Background/Objectives: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) may help quantify changes in brain haemodynamics during sport-related concussions (SRCs). This study compared post-match prefrontal cortex (PFC) measured by fNIRS the King–-Devick test (K-DT) with players suspected of having sustained an SRC. It was hypothesized that K-DT would correspond haemodynamic processes. Methods: Twenty-two male and female collegiate rugby (six males twenty-two females; age range: 18–22) completed a baseline K-DT+fNIRS assessment. Over course two to three matches, all participants were invited complete at least one If player SRC, they re-assessed K-DT+fNIRS. participant who not SRC performed worse on post-match, included category ‘concussion’ for analysis. A repeated measures ANOVA performed. Test–retest reliability calculated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Pearson (r) assessed linear relationship between measurements left right PFC. Results: Differences identified concussive injury (χ2(1) =5.0; p = 0.0253; z −2.0; 0.0431; d 0.16). There also significant differences results concussed PFC (t(8) 250; 0.0371; 0.92) females (t(6) 2.78; 0.0319; 0.52). no correlations values group. Conclusions: The group had decreased cognitive performance notable change activation, while non-concussed showed increase activation scores. represents possible acute adjustment provides insight into how SRCs can negatively impact performance.

Язык: Английский

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From hypoxic pockets to daily routines: linking brain oxygenation and cognitive resilience

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

The discovery of hypoxic pockets within the cortical regions has transformed understanding cerebral oxygen dynamics, revealing their dual role as both contributors to neuronal adaptation and potential precursors dysfunction. These transient oxygen-deprived microenvironments play a pivotal in neurovascular coupling, synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, processes crucial for maintaining cognitive resilience health. Investigating is particularly relevant aging populations individuals with neurodegenerative conditions. Concurrently, research underscores ability physical, social, activities modulate brain oxygenation, offering natural, accessible interventions optimize delivery utilization. This study synthesizes findings from neuroimaging, behavioral science, longitudinal studies, illustrating how daily routines can mitigate hypoxia-induced decline promote resilience. By integrating insights centenarians, hypoxia-adapted species, multimodal intervention this framework highlights transformative lifestyle-based strategies addressing deficits. advocate an interdisciplinary approach develop targeted public health, rehabilitation, personalized care.

Язык: Английский

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