The impact of obesity on reproductive health and metabolism in reproductive-age females

Fertility and Sterility, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 122(2), С. 194 - 203

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

The role of adipokines and ghrelin in interactions and clinical implications in childhood obesity

Journal of Education and Health Promotion, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, especially prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, and known to contribute metabolic syndrome insulin resistance. This study aimed investigate interplay between adipokines (leptin adiponectin), ghrelin, homeostasis childhood obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case–control was conducted Babylon involving 120 children/adolescents (7–17 years). The participants were divided into two groups: 60 obese healthy controls. Anthropometric biochemical measures examined, applying World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards categorize weight status. Data on blood lipids, glucose, adipokines, ghrelin collected (Merjan Medical City), ensuring accuracy providing insights pediatric obesity’s hormonal RESULT: Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory attributes of children evaluated, with classification as normal-weight or based BMI/Z-score Waist Circumference. group exhibited elevated triglycerides levels, well reduced adiponectin levels ( P ≤ 0.001). Leptin showed positive correlation (r = 0.352, 0.006). diagnostic model demonstrated significant capacity leptin (AUC > 99%) its importance predicting Each unit increase probability by factor 1.197 (95% CI: 1.0507–1.3632, 0.0068). CONCLUSION: revealed differences clinical, biochemical, biological markers research groups control group. emerged predictor obesity, demonstrating high accuracy. complex interactions among these underscore necessity for comprehensive management strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Evaluation of an adapted version of the Diabetes Prevention Program for low- and middle-income countries: A cluster randomized trial to evaluate “Lifestyle Africa” in South Africa

PLoS Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(4), С. e1003964 - e1003964

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2022

Background Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing major increases in diabetes cardiovascular conditions linked to overweight obesity. Lifestyle interventions such as the United States National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) developed high-income require adaptation cultural tailoring for LMICs. The objective of this study was evaluate efficacy “Lifestyle Africa,” an adapted version DPP tailored underresourced community South Africa compared usual care. Methods findings Participants were residents a predominantly Xhosa-speaking urban township Cape Town, characterized by high rates poverty. with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 who members existing social support groups or “clubs” receiving health services from local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) enrolled cluster randomized controlled trial that (the intervention condition) care control condition). consisted 17 video-based group sessions delivered trained workers (CHWs). Clusters using numbered list CHWs their assigned clubs based on computer-based random allocation scheme. CHWs, participants, research team could not be blinded condition. Percentage weight loss (primary outcome), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol assessed 7 9 months after enrollment. An individual-level intention-to-treat analysis conducted adjusting clustering within baseline values. Trial registration is at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03342274). Between February 2018 May 2019, 782 individuals screened, 494 enrolled. retired (57% pension) female (89%) mean age 68 years. 28 clusters allocated (15, n = 240) (13, 254). Fidelity assessments indicated generally intended. modal number held across all 17, attendance participants 61%. Outcome assessment completed 215 (90%) 223 (88%) participants. Intent-to-treat analyses utilizing multilevel modeling included Mean change outcome) −0.61% (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.22, −0.01) −0.44% CI −1.06, 0.18) no significant difference (group −0.17%; 95% −1.04, 0.71; p 0.71). However, HbA1c significantly lower follow-up (mean −0.24, −0.39, −0.09, 0.001). None other secondary outcomes differed follow-up: systolic pressure −1.36; −6.92, 4.21; 0.63), diastolic −0.39; −3.25, 2.30; 0.78), LDL −0.07; −0.19, 0.05; 0.26), triglycerides −0.02; −0.20, 0.16; 0.80). There unanticipated problems serious adverse events rare, unrelated intervention, similar (11 versus 13 care). Limitations include lack rigorous dietary intake measure representation older women. Conclusions In study, we found feasible deliver and, although it had effect primary outcome apparent small HbA1c. demonstrates potential feasibility program without expert involvement sessions. may hold promise addressing disease (CVD) scale NCT03342274 .

Язык: Английский

---

Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome

BioFactors, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 48(5), С. 1036 - 1059

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake carbohydrates (CHO), particularly sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, pressure levels the predominant determining factor MetS. Complex CHO, on other hand, are stable source energy taking longer time digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber an excellent prebiotics, which alter gut microbial composition, turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result child developing Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity combination with dietary habits synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent disorders. This review summarizes pathophysiology MetS connection nature intrauterine nutrition, predisposition, factors, advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how act key element pathogenesis future therapeutic targets

Язык: Английский

---

Body composition and body fat distribution in tissue-specific insulin resistance and in response to a 12-week isocaloric dietary macronutrient intervention

Nutrition & Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Abstract Background Body composition and body fat distribution are important predictors of cardiometabolic diseases. The etiology diseases is heterogenous, partly driven by inter-individual differences in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. Objectives To investigate (1) the associations between whole-body, liver muscle sensitivity, (2) changes sensitivity their relationship after a 12-week isocaloric diet high mono-unsaturated fatty acids (HMUFA) or low-fat, high-protein, high-fiber (LFHP) diet. Methods This subcohort analysis PERSON study includes 93 individuals (53% women, BMI 25–40 kg/m2, 40–75 years) who participated this randomized intervention study. At baseline 12 weeks following LFHP, HMUFA diet, we performed 7-point oral glucose tolerance test to assess liver, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging determine distribution. Both diets within guidelines healthy nutrition. Results baseline, content was associated with worse (β [95%CI]; 0.12 [0.01; 0.22]). Only thigh inversely related (-0.27 [-0.48; -0.05]). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased VAT, abdominal subcutaneous (aSAT), fat, but not no diets. Waist circumference, however, more LFHP as compared (-3.0 vs. -0.5 cm, respectively). After improvements were positively Conclusions Liver distinctly accumulation. Although both improved aSAT, only LFHP-induced Trial registration NCT03708419 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Язык: Английский

---

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(23), С. 5004 - 5004

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2022

The onset of puberty has become earlier over the decades, and nutrients diet are related to timing onset. Hence, we aimed investigate association between or in infancy, childhood early puberty. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library were searched systematically up 15 April 2022. pooled relative risks (RRs) regression coefficients (beta) estimated using random-effect model fixed-effect according heterogeneity studies. Twenty-two articles on six about breastfeeding infancy included. prolonged duration could reduce risk menarche (beta 0.31, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.60, p = 0.045). high intake yogurt was associated with a 35% reduction (RR 0.65, 0.47, 0.89, 0.008). Girls severe food insecurity experienced later 0.81, 0.67, 0.98, 0.027). Conversely, due protein, increased by 8% 1.08, 1.01, 1.16, 0.016). High yogurt, longer breastfeeding, decreased possibility menarche, while protein that risk. As modifiable factor, provide new insights into future prevention

Язык: Английский

---

Multi-Nutrient Analysis of Dietary Macronutrients with All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: Data from NHANES 1999–2014

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 345 - 345

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2023

Macronutrients are a major component of the human diet. However, few studies have assessed their collective association with mortality. We sought to evaluate associations macronutrient intake all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in US adults using multi-nutrient approach. This prospective cohort analysis used data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey years 1999 2014. The participants included 33,681 aged 20−85 (52.5% female). maximum follow-up time was 16.8 years, total 4398 deaths, including 772 cardiovascular deaths 952 deaths. between dietary macronutrients were explored three-dimensional generalized additive models, allowing for visual statistical inference complex nonlinear associations. Absolute demonstrated three-way interactive all-cause (p < 0.001), = 0.02), 0.05), adjusted age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, quality, lifestyle. Compositionally, high caloric diet composed moderately protein (20%), moderate fat (30%), carbohydrate (50%) levels associated highest risk. Across energy levels, lower risk observed two separate regions consisting higher (60%), (10%) or (10%), (45%), (45%). These findings highlight such that several distinct compositions similarly low Future research is needed explore drivers these whether they differ across varying patterns populations.

Язык: Английский

---

The association between multiple trajectories of macronutrient intake and the risk of new‐onset diabetes in Chinese adults

Journal of Diabetes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Background The association between macronutrient intake and diabetes is unclear. We used data from the China Health Nutrition Survey to explore trajectories risk in this study. Methods included 6755 participants who did not have at baseline participated least three surveys. energy supply ratio of carbohydrate, protein, fat was further calculated dietary data; different were determined using multitrajectory models; multiple Cox regression models evaluate these diabetes. Results found multitrajectories: decreased low carbohydrate‐increased moderate protein‐increased high (DLC‐IMP‐IHF), carbohydrate‐moderate (DHC‐MP‐ILF), balanced‐macronutrients (BM). Compared BM trajectory, DHC‐MP‐ILF significantly associated with increased (hazard [HR]: 3.228, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.571–6.632), whereas no DLC‐IMP‐IHF our study (HR: 0.699, CI: 0.351–1.392). Conclusions downward trend carbohydrate increasing Chinese adults. image

Язык: Английский

---

Relationship Between Brain Insulin Resistance, Carbohydrate Consumption, and Protein Carbonyls, and the Link Between Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Fat Consumption, and Malondialdehyde

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 404 - 404

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

The consumption of a high-fat (HFD) or high-carbohydrate/low-fat (LFD) diet is related to insulin resistance; however, central and peripheral alterations can occur independently. In this study, the timeline resistance was determined while taking into consideration role in oxidative damage. Background/Objectives: aim study ascertain whether HFD LFD induces (PIR) before brain (BIR), timing these correlates with heightened damage markers plasma, adipose tissue, cerebral cortex. Methodology Results: Three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed HFD, LFD, standard for 1, 2, 3 months. Glucose tolerance tests performed determine PIR, hypothalamic thermogenic response used their BIR status. For damage, levels malondialdehyde (MDA) protein carbonyl group (PCO) enzymatic activity glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) evaluated white brown PIR occurred at months but MDA tissue increased 2 1 GSH-Px lower month amount PCO Conclusions: intake different durations influence establishment BIR, fat cortex play an important role.

Язык: Английский

---

The role of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (nhhr) in prediabetes progression and the mediating effect of BMI: a longitudinal study in China

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Diabetes prevalence in China is significant, with a large proportion the prediabetes stage. Dyslipidemia associated abnormal glucose metabolism, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density ratio (NHHR) shows potential diabetes risk assessment, but its role progression understudied. A longitudinal study from 2011 2015 using CHARLS data was conducted. After exclusions, 1408 participants were included. NHHR calculated serum TC HDL - C levels. defined based on standard criteria. Covariates mediators assessed, statistical analyses included logistic regression mediation analysis, analysis conducted evaluate involvement of BMI association between progression. Among 1423 people cohort 339 (23.8%) diagnosed The median significantly larger group (136.99 vs. 124.95, p < 0.05). In fully adjusted model, one-unitincrease led 10% higher risk. Subgroup showed consistent associations most subgroups. mediated 33.8% association. correlated progressing diabetes, may mediate this monitoring could help assess participants.

Язык: Английский

---