The impact of obesity on reproductive health and metabolism in reproductive-age females

Fertility and Sterility, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 122(2), P. 194 - 203

Published: May 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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The role of adipokines and ghrelin in interactions and clinical implications in childhood obesity

Journal of Education and Health Promotion, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, especially prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, and known to contribute metabolic syndrome insulin resistance. This study aimed investigate interplay between adipokines (leptin adiponectin), ghrelin, homeostasis childhood obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case–control was conducted Babylon involving 120 children/adolescents (7–17 years). The participants were divided into two groups: 60 obese healthy controls. Anthropometric biochemical measures examined, applying World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards categorize weight status. Data on blood lipids, glucose, adipokines, ghrelin collected (Merjan Medical City), ensuring accuracy providing insights pediatric obesity’s hormonal RESULT: Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory attributes of children evaluated, with classification as normal-weight or based BMI/Z-score Waist Circumference. group exhibited elevated triglycerides levels, well reduced adiponectin levels ( P ≤ 0.001). Leptin showed positive correlation (r = 0.352, 0.006). diagnostic model demonstrated significant capacity leptin (AUC > 99%) its importance predicting Each unit increase probability by factor 1.197 (95% CI: 1.0507–1.3632, 0.0068). CONCLUSION: revealed differences clinical, biochemical, biological markers research groups control group. emerged predictor obesity, demonstrating high accuracy. complex interactions among these underscore necessity for comprehensive management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of an adapted version of the Diabetes Prevention Program for low- and middle-income countries: A cluster randomized trial to evaluate “Lifestyle Africa” in South Africa

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e1003964 - e1003964

Published: April 15, 2022

Background Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing major increases in diabetes cardiovascular conditions linked to overweight obesity. Lifestyle interventions such as the United States National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) developed high-income require adaptation cultural tailoring for LMICs. The objective of this study was evaluate efficacy “Lifestyle Africa,” an adapted version DPP tailored underresourced community South Africa compared usual care. Methods findings Participants were residents a predominantly Xhosa-speaking urban township Cape Town, characterized by high rates poverty. with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 who members existing social support groups or “clubs” receiving health services from local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) enrolled cluster randomized controlled trial that (the intervention condition) care control condition). consisted 17 video-based group sessions delivered trained workers (CHWs). Clusters using numbered list CHWs their assigned clubs based on computer-based random allocation scheme. CHWs, participants, research team could not be blinded condition. Percentage weight loss (primary outcome), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol assessed 7 9 months after enrollment. An individual-level intention-to-treat analysis conducted adjusting clustering within baseline values. Trial registration is at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03342274). Between February 2018 May 2019, 782 individuals screened, 494 enrolled. retired (57% pension) female (89%) mean age 68 years. 28 clusters allocated (15, n = 240) (13, 254). Fidelity assessments indicated generally intended. modal number held across all 17, attendance participants 61%. Outcome assessment completed 215 (90%) 223 (88%) participants. Intent-to-treat analyses utilizing multilevel modeling included Mean change outcome) −0.61% (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.22, −0.01) −0.44% CI −1.06, 0.18) no significant difference (group −0.17%; 95% −1.04, 0.71; p 0.71). However, HbA1c significantly lower follow-up (mean −0.24, −0.39, −0.09, 0.001). None other secondary outcomes differed follow-up: systolic pressure −1.36; −6.92, 4.21; 0.63), diastolic −0.39; −3.25, 2.30; 0.78), LDL −0.07; −0.19, 0.05; 0.26), triglycerides −0.02; −0.20, 0.16; 0.80). There unanticipated problems serious adverse events rare, unrelated intervention, similar (11 versus 13 care). Limitations include lack rigorous dietary intake measure representation older women. Conclusions In study, we found feasible deliver and, although it had effect primary outcome apparent small HbA1c. demonstrates potential feasibility program without expert involvement sessions. may hold promise addressing disease (CVD) scale NCT03342274 .

Language: Английский

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Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(5), P. 1036 - 1059

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake carbohydrates (CHO), particularly sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, pressure levels the predominant determining factor MetS. Complex CHO, on other hand, are stable source energy taking longer time digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber an excellent prebiotics, which alter gut microbial composition, turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result child developing Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity combination with dietary habits synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent disorders. This review summarizes pathophysiology MetS connection nature intrauterine nutrition, predisposition, factors, advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how act key element pathogenesis future therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

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Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 5004 - 5004

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

The onset of puberty has become earlier over the decades, and nutrients diet are related to timing onset. Hence, we aimed investigate association between or in infancy, childhood early puberty. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library were searched systematically up 15 April 2022. pooled relative risks (RRs) regression coefficients (beta) estimated using random-effect model fixed-effect according heterogeneity studies. Twenty-two articles on six about breastfeeding infancy included. prolonged duration could reduce risk menarche (beta 0.31, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.60, p = 0.045). high intake yogurt was associated with a 35% reduction (RR 0.65, 0.47, 0.89, 0.008). Girls severe food insecurity experienced later 0.81, 0.67, 0.98, 0.027). Conversely, due protein, increased by 8% 1.08, 1.01, 1.16, 0.016). High yogurt, longer breastfeeding, decreased possibility menarche, while protein that risk. As modifiable factor, provide new insights into future prevention

Language: Английский

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Relationship Between Brain Insulin Resistance, Carbohydrate Consumption, and Protein Carbonyls, and the Link Between Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Fat Consumption, and Malondialdehyde

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 404 - 404

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The consumption of a high-fat (HFD) or high-carbohydrate/low-fat (LFD) diet is related to insulin resistance; however, central and peripheral alterations can occur independently. In this study, the timeline resistance was determined while taking into consideration role in oxidative damage. Background/Objectives: aim study ascertain whether HFD LFD induces (PIR) before brain (BIR), timing these correlates with heightened damage markers plasma, adipose tissue, cerebral cortex. Methodology Results: Three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed HFD, LFD, standard for 1, 2, 3 months. Glucose tolerance tests performed determine PIR, hypothalamic thermogenic response used their BIR status. For damage, levels malondialdehyde (MDA) protein carbonyl group (PCO) enzymatic activity glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) evaluated white brown PIR occurred at months but MDA tissue increased 2 1 GSH-Px lower month amount PCO Conclusions: intake different durations influence establishment BIR, fat cortex play an important role.

Language: Английский

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The role of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (nhhr) in prediabetes progression and the mediating effect of BMI: a longitudinal study in China

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Diabetes prevalence in China is significant, with a large proportion the prediabetes stage. Dyslipidemia associated abnormal glucose metabolism, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density ratio (NHHR) shows potential diabetes risk assessment, but its role progression understudied. A longitudinal study from 2011 2015 using CHARLS data was conducted. After exclusions, 1408 participants were included. NHHR calculated serum TC HDL - C levels. defined based on standard criteria. Covariates mediators assessed, statistical analyses included logistic regression mediation analysis, analysis conducted evaluate involvement of BMI association between progression. Among 1423 people cohort 339 (23.8%) diagnosed The median significantly larger group (136.99 vs. 124.95, p < 0.05). In fully adjusted model, one-unitincrease led 10% higher risk. Subgroup showed consistent associations most subgroups. mediated 33.8% association. correlated progressing diabetes, may mediate this monitoring could help assess participants.

Language: Английский

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Macronutrients and Disease: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Diet, Activity and Sleep Clusters Associated With Obesity Markers of Children in the US‐Affiliated Pacific

Acta Paediatrica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Among children in the US‐Affiliated Pacific, we aimed to identify lifestyle clusters and associations with obesity. Methods Movement behaviours, diet anthropometrics were from Children's Healthy Living Program ( n = 1780; 2012–2015). Partitioning‐around‐medoids identified clusters; regression examined differences anthropometrics. Results 2–5‐year‐olds, boys' were: (1) high %energy E %) fat sedentary behaviour; (2) screen time energy intake (3) long sleep. Body mass index z‐score (zBMI) was lower Cluster 3 versus 1 (−0.28 [−0.50; −0.07], p 0.01). Girls' intake; low % physical activity zBMI (−0.34 [−0.55; −0.13], 0.002). 6–8‐year‐olds, time; protein; (4) sleep (5) saturated fat. Compared 1, Clusters (−0.43 [−0.84; −0.02], 0.04), 4 (−0.64 [−1.08; −0.20], 0.004) 5 (−0.93 [−1.35; −0.51], < 0.001). short time. 2 (−0.57 [−0.98; −0.17], 0.006), (−0.48 [−0.81; −0.14], 0.005) (−0.50 [−0.83; −0.18], 0.003). Conclusion Various patterns support healthy body weight. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01881373

Language: Английский

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Induction of Fructose Mediated De Novo Lipogenesis Co-exists with the Upregulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Function in Mice Liver

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism and sustained de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are characteristics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a comorbidity obesity type 2 diabetes. Fructose, common sweetener potent inducer lipogenesis, contributes to the etiology MASLD. Our goal was determine whether higher rates DNL, through its biochemical relationships with mitochondria, can contribute dysfunctional induction oxidative networks in liver. Male C57BL/6JN mice were given low-fat (LF; 10% fat Kcal, 49.9% corn starch Kcal), high-fat (HF; 60% or HF/ high-fructose diet (HF/HFr; 25% 34.9% fructose Kcal) for 24-wks. In follow-up study, on normal chow provided either 30% drinking water (FW) induce hepatic DNL regular (NW) 14 days. Hepatic mitochondria tissue used oxygen consumption, reactive species (ROS) generation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity gene/protein expression profiles. steatosis remained similar between HF HF/HFr fed livers. However, lipogenic lipid oxidation gene profiles TCA all (P ≤ 0.05) Under conditions, upregulation FW livers occurred concert consumption (basal; 1.7±0.21 vs. 3.3±0.14 nmoles/min, P 0.05), ROS (0.87±0.09 1.25±0.12 μM, flux components 0.05. Further, during fasting results show that administration led concurrent Sustained both function could accelerate cellular stress dysfunction

Language: Английский

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