B Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(11), С. 3380 - 3380

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2020

B group vitamins represent essential micronutrients for myriad metabolic and regulatory processes required human health, serving as cofactors used by hundreds of enzymes that carry out functions such energy metabolism, DNA protein synthesis other critical functions. their corresponding vitamers are universally all cellular life forms, from bacteria to humans. Humans unable synthesize most therefore dependent on diet these micronutrients. More recently, another source has been identified which is derived portions the 1013 bacterial cells inhabiting gastrointestinal tract. Here we review expanding literature examining relationship between immune system diverse cancers. Evidence vitamin's role in cell regulation accumulated recent years may help clarify disparate findings numerous studies attempting link cancer development. Much work remains be carried fully relationships complexity vitamins' complicates an unequivocal assessment beneficial or detrimental effects inflammation

Язык: Английский

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Graphene oxide nanoarchitectures in cancer biology: Nano-modulators of autophagy and apoptosis

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 354, С. 503 - 522

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Research progress of therapeutic drugs for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 156, С. 113903 - 113903

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2022

Doxorubicin (DOX), as a kind of chemotherapy agent with remarkable therapeutic effect, can be used to treat diverse malignant tumors clinically. Dose-dependent cardiotoxicity is the most serious adverse reaction after DOX treatment, which eventually leads cardiomyopathy and greatly limits clinical application DOX. DOX-induced not result single mechanistic action, multiple mechanisms have been discovered demonstrated experimentally, such oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, calcium homeostasis disorder, ferroptosis, autophagy apoptosis. Dexrazoxane (DEX) only protective approved by FDA for treatment cardiomyopathy, but its still has some limitations. Therefore, we need find other effective drugs soon possible. In this paper, that effectively improve in recent years are mainly described from aspects natural drugs, endogenous substances, new dosage forms, herbal medicines, chemical modification marketed drugs. The aim present study evaluate effects these on anticancer curative effects, so provide reference value future.

Язык: Английский

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DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(6), С. 1897 - 1897

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs thus presented as principal target elimination during treatment. However, challenging drug because of numerous intrinsic extrinsic mechanisms resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is DNA damage response (DDR). presumed possess properties enable enhanced repair efficiency relative their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression splicing fidelity genes, robust activation cell cycle checkpoints, elevated homologous recombination-mediated repair. Herein, we summarise current knowledge concerning genome integrity in non-transformed CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within DDR re-sensitising genotoxic stressors, consider challenges posed regarding unbiased identification novel DDR-directed strategies CSCs. A better understanding mediating chemo/radioresistance could lead approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy patients.

Язык: Английский

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Nicotinamide metabolism face-off between macrophages and fibroblasts manipulates the microenvironment in gastric cancer

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(8), С. 1806 - 1822.e11

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, prominent heterogeneity cancer, notably tumor microenvironment, highlights idea that antitumor response is a reflection multifactorial interactions. Through transcriptomic analysis and dynamic plasma sample analysis, we identified metabolic "face-off" mechanism within as shown by dual prognostic significance nicotinamide metabolism. Specifically, macrophages fibroblasts expressing rate-limiting enzymes phosphoribosyltransferase N-methyltransferase, respectively, regulate nicotinamide/1-methylnicotinamide ratio CD8

Язык: Английский

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The Multifaceted Role of Endothelial Sirt1 in Vascular Aging: An Update

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(17), С. 1469 - 1469

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) belongs to the sirtuins family, known be longevity regulators, and exerts a key role in prevention of vascular aging. By aging, expression levels Sirt1 decline with severe impact on function, such as rise endothelial dysfunction, which turn promotes development cardiovascular diseases. In this context, activity preventing senescence is particularly important. Given counteracting senescence, great efforts have been made deepen knowledge about intricate cross-talks interactions other molecules, order set up possible strategies boost prevent or treat The aim review provide proper background regulation function endothelium discuss recent advances regarding therapeutic targeting counteract

Язык: Английский

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Nicotinamide inhibits melanoma in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 39(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020

Abstract Background Even though new therapies are available against melanoma, novel approaches needed to overcome resistance and high-toxicity issues. In the present study anti-melanoma activity of Nicotinamide (NAM), amide form Niacin, was assessed in vitro vivo. Methods Human (A375, SK-MEL-28) mouse (B16-F10) melanoma cell lines were used for investigations. Viability, cell-death, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, Adenine Dinucleotide + (NAD ), Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels measured after NAM treatment. anti-SIRT2 tested vitro; SIRT2 expression level investigated by silico transcriptomic analyses. Melanoma growth vivo thirty-five C57BL/6 mice injected subcutaneously with B16-F10 cells treated intraperitoneally NAM. Interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting murine counted ELISPOT assay. Cytokine/chemokine plasmatic xMAP technology. Niacin receptors human samples also Results reduced up 90% number induced: i) accumulation G1-phase (40% increase), ii) reduction S- G2-phase (about 50% decrease), iii) a 10-fold increase cell-death 2.5-fold apoptosis sub-G1 phase, iv) significant NAD , ATP, ROS levels, v) strong inhibition vitro. significantly delayed tumor ( p ≤ 0.0005) improved survival melanoma-bearing 0.0001). About 3-fold 0.05) Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing observed mice. The 6 cytokines (namely: Interleukin 5 (IL-5), Eotaxin, 12 (p40) (IL12(p40)), 3 (IL-3), 10 (IL-10) Regulated on Activation Normal T Expressed Secreted (RANTES) changed blood mice, suggesting key role immune response. inhibitory effect enzymatic confirmed previous evidence; we show here that is increased inversely related melanoma-patients survival. Finally, first time HCAR2 HCAR3 almost abolished samples. Conclusion shows relevant suitable candidate further clinical

Язык: Английский

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Beyond Nicotinamide Metabolism: Potential Role of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Biomarker in Skin Cancers

Cancers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(19), С. 4943 - 4943

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

Skin cancers (SC) collectively represent the most common type of malignancy in white populations. SC includes two main forms: malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC different subtypes, namely, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous (SCC), Merkel (MCC), keratoacanthoma (KA), together with pre-neoplastic conditions Bowen disease (BD) actinic keratosis (AK). Both are showing an increasing incidence rate worldwide, thus representing important challenge for health care systems, also because, some exceptions, generally characterized by aggressive behavior often diagnosed late. Thus, identifying new biomarkers suitable diagnosis, as well prognosis targeted therapy is mandatory. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) enzyme that emerging a crucial player progression several malignancies, while its substrate, nicotinamide, known to exert chemopreventive effects. Since there evidence regarding involvement this SC, current review aims summarize state art concerns NNMT role support future studies focused on exploring diagnostic prognostic potential malignancies suitability therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota and metabolites alterations in proximal and distal gastric cancer patients

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Abstract Background Globally, gastric cancer is the third most common and leading cause of death. Proximal distal cancers have distinct clinical biological behaviors. The microbial composition metabolic differences in proximal not been fully studied discussed. Methods In this study, microbiome 13 tissues, 16 their matched non-tumor tissues were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Additionally, 10 11 assessed by untargeted metabolomics. Results There was no significant difference diversity richness between tissues. At genus level, abundance Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group , Porphyromonas Catonella Proteus Oribacterium, Moraxella significantly increased T, whereas that Methylobacterium_Methylorubrum Distal T. metabolomics analysis revealed 30 discriminative metabolites T N. contrast, there only 4 cancer, different scattered through multiple pathway, including sphingolipid signaling arginine biosynthesis, protein digestion absorption, alanine, aspartate and, glutamate metabolism, etc.In differential mainly related to hormone metabolism. Conclusion Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum positively correlated with cancer-promoting metabolites, negatively cancer-inhibiting metabolites. Rikenellaceae_RC_gut_group Further studies regarding functions above-mentioned microorganisms warranted as results may reveal mechanisms underlying occurrence development provide a basis for future treatments. Importance First, described; then, correlation microbiota preliminarily These microbes deserve further investigations they involved

Язык: Английский

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Nicotinamide (niacin) supplement increases lipid metabolism and ROS‐induced energy disruption in triple‐negative breast cancer: potential for drug repositioning as an anti‐tumor agent

Molecular Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(9), С. 1795 - 1815

Опубликована: Март 12, 2022

Metabolic dysregulation is an important hallmark of cancer. Nicotinamide (NAM), a water‐soluble amide form niacin (vitamin B3), currently available as supplement for maintaining general physiologic functions. NAM crucial regulator mitochondrial metabolism and redox reactions. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanistic link between NAM‐induced metabolic regulation therapeutic efficacy in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The combined analysis using multiomics systems biology showed that decreased membrane potential ATP production, but increased activities reverse electron transport (RET), fatty acid β‐oxidation glycerophospholipid/sphingolipid pathways TNBC, collectively leading increase levels reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS triggered apoptosis suppressed tumour growth metastasis TNBC both human organoids xenograft mouse models. Our results treatment leads cell death via dysfunction activation by bifurcating (RET lipid metabolism); provides insights into repositioning next‐generation anti‐metabolic agent treatment.

Язык: Английский

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