Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This responsible for more than 15-20% all cancers particular research interest as it therapeutically challenging mainly because its low response to therapeutics highly invasive nature. The non-availability specific treatment options TNBC usually managed by conventional therapy, which often leads relapse. focus this review provide up-to-date information related epidemiology, risk factors, metastasis, different signaling pathways, the pathways can be blocked, immune suppressive cells microenvironment, current investigation therapies, prognosis, role artificial intelligence in diagnosis. data presented paper may helpful researchers working field obtain general advance understanding suitable disease management future.

Язык: Английский

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Biological Function of Long Non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Xist

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) serves as an important regulator cell growth development. Despites its original roles X-chromosome dosage compensation, Xist also participates the development tumor other human diseases by functioning competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent progress understanding cellular functions mammalian cells discussed current knowledge regarding ceRNA network various diseases. are transcripts more than 200 nt length without apparent protein-coding capacity (Furlan Rougeulle, 2016; Maduro et al., 2016). These believed to be transcribed approximately 98-99% regions genome (Derrien 2012; Fu, 2014; Montalbano 2017; Slack Chinnaiyan, 2019), well large genomic regions, such exonic, tronic, intergenic regions. Hence, lncRNAs divided into eight categories: Intergenic lncRNAs, Intronic Enhancer Promoter Natural antisense/sense Small nucleolar RNA-ended (sno-lncRNAs), Bidirectional non-poly(A) (Ma 2013; Devaux 2015; St Laurent Chen, Quinn Chang, Richard Eichhorn, 2018; Connerty 2020). A range has suggested function key regulators crucial functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, regulating level target genes via epigenomic, or post-transcriptional approaches (Cao 2018). Moreover, detected body fluids were serve potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring disease progression, act novel drug targets therapeutic exploitation (Jiang W. Zhou 2019a). set 15,000-20,000 sequences localized X chromosome inactivation center (XIC) Xq13.2 (Brown 1992; Debrand 1998; Kay, Lee da Rocha Heard, Yang Z. Brockdorff, 2019). Previous studies have indicated (XCI), resulting inheritable silencing one X-chromosomes during female Also, it vital regulatory whole spectrum (notably cancer) can used diagnostic prognostic biomarker clinic (Liu 2018b; Deng 2019; Dinescu Mutzel Schulz, 2020; Patrat Wang 2020a). particular, been demonstrated involved multiple types tumors brain tumor, Leukemia, lung cancer, breast liver with prominent examples outlined Table 1. It was (Chaligne 2018) contributed diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, neuropathic pain, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, osteoarthritis chondrocytes, details found 2. This review summarizes on mechanisms both compensation pathogenesis (especially processes, focus disease.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advancements in Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Platforms for Active and Passive Cancer Targeting

Cancers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(4), С. 670 - 670

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2021

The tumor-specific targeting of chemotherapeutic agents for specific necrosis cancer cells without affecting the normal poses a great challenge researchers and scientists. Though extensive research has been carried out to investigate chemotherapy-based targeted drug delivery, identification most promising strategy capable bypassing non-specific cytotoxicity is still major concern. Recent advancements in arena onco-targeted therapies have enabled safe effective localization through stimuli-responsive delivery systems. Owing their characteristic features, platforms revolutionized treatments with added benefits enhanced bioavailability selective compared conventional modalities. insensitivity when exposed prevents release cytotoxic drugs into therefore alleviates off-target events associated chemotherapy. Contrastingly, they showed amplified sensitivity triggered payload internalized tumor microenvironment causing maximum responses induction cell necrosis. This review focuses on physical systems chemical chemotherapy active and/or passive targeting. Moreover, also provided brief insight molecular dynamic simulations stimuli-based

Язык: Английский

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DNMT1: A key drug target in triple-negative breast cancer

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 72, С. 198 - 213

Опубликована: Май 24, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Options and Limitations: Future Outlook

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(7), С. 1796 - 1796

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2023

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor (HER2). The survival rate for TNBC is generally worse than other subtypes. treatment made significant advances, but certain limitations remain. Treatment can be challenging since the disease various molecular A variety options are available, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery. Chemotherapy most common these options. treated with systemic chemotherapy using drugs anthracyclines taxanes in neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings. Developing resistance to anticancer off-target toxicity primary hindrances chemotherapeutic solutions cancer. It imperative that researchers, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies work together develop effective TNBC. Several studies have suggested nanotechnology potential solution problem suboptimal treatment. In this review, we summarized possible TNBC, including targeted therapy, combination nanoparticle-based some future. Moreover, gave general information about terms its characteristics aggressiveness.

Язык: Английский

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Tumor-associated macrophages promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition and the cancer stem cell properties in triple-negative breast cancer through CCL2/AKT/β-catenin signaling

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of with poor prognosis and limited treatment. As major component the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in facilitating behavior TNBC. This study aimed to explore novel mechanism TAMs regulation epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stem cell (CSC) properties TNBC.Expression M2-like macrophage marker CD163 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry human tissues. The phenotype M2 polarized from Tohoku-Hospital-Pediatrics-1 (THP1) cells verified flow cytometry. Transwell assays, wound healing western blotting, cytometry, ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), luciferase reporter gene immunofluorescence assays were conducted investigate which regulate EMT CSC BT549 HCC1937 cells.Clinically, we observed high infiltration TNBC tissues confirmed that associated unfavorable patients. Moreover, found conditioned medium (M2-CM) markedly promoted cells. Mechanistically, demonstrated chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion activated Akt signaling, turn increased expression nuclear localization β-catenin. Furthermore, β-catenin knockdown reversed TAM-induced properties.This provides promote enhance via activation CCL2/AKT/β-catenin may offer new strategies for diagnosis treatment Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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Polymeric Micelles for Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Updates, Clinical Translation and Regulatory Considerations

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(9), С. 1860 - 1860

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2022

With the growing burden of cancer, parallel advancements in anticancer nanotechnological solutions have been witnessed. Among different types cancers, breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% and leads to 15% deaths. Nanomedicine its allied fields material science revolutionized medicine 21st century. Novel treatments paved way improved drug delivery systems that better efficacy reduced adverse effects. A variety nanoformulations using lipids, polymers, inorganic, peptide-based nanomedicines with various functionalities are being synthesized. Thus, elaborate knowledge these intelligent highly promising is prime importance. Polymeric micelles (PMs) generally easy prepare good solubilization properties; hence, they appear be an attractive alternative over other nanosystems. Although overall perspective PM has presented recent reviews, a brief discussion provided on PMs cancer. This review provides state-of-the-art together most advances this field. Furthermore, special emphasis placed regulatory guidelines, clinical translation potential, future aspects use treatment. The developments micelle formulations look promising, guidelines now more clearly defined; we anticipate early near future.

Язык: Английский

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Advancements in dextran-based nanocarriers for treatment and imaging of breast cancer

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 643, С. 123276 - 123276

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Advancements and challenges in triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive review of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant challenges in oncology due to its aggressive nature, limited treatment options, and poorer prognosis compared other subtypes. This comprehensive review examines the therapeutic diagnostic landscape of TNBC, highlighting current strategies, emerging therapies, future directions. Targeted including PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint EGFR hold promise for personalized approaches. Challenges identifying novel targets, exploring combination developing predictive biomarkers must be addressed optimize targeted therapy TNBC. Immunotherapy represents a transformative approach TNBC treatment, yet biomarker identification, overcoming resistance persist. Precision medicine approaches offer opportunities tailored based on tumor biology, but integration multi-omics data clinical implementation present requiring innovative solutions. Despite these challenges, ongoing research efforts collaborative initiatives hope improving outcomes advancing strategies By addressing complexities biology effective approaches, treatments can realized, ultimately enhancing lives patients. Continued research, trials, interdisciplinary collaborations are essential realizing this vision making meaningful progress management.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting triple negative breast cancer stem cells using nanocarriers

Discover Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Abstract Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, encompassing various subtypes characterized by distinct molecular features, clinical behaviors, treatment responses. Categorization of based on the presence or absence estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), leading to such as luminal A, B, HER2-positive, triple-negative breast (TNBC). TNBC, comprising around 20% all cancers, lacks expression ER, PR, HER2 receptors, rendering it unresponsive targeted therapies presenting significant challenges in treatment. TNBC associated with aggressive behavior, high rates recurrence, resistance chemotherapy. Tumor initiation, progression, are attributed stem cells (BCSCs), which possess self-renewal, differentiation, tumorigenic potential. Surface markers, self-renewal pathways (Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog signaling), apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), angiogenesis inhibition (VEGF inhibitors), immune modulation (cytokines, checkpoint inhibitors) among key targets discussed this review. However, targeting BCSC subpopulation presents challenges, including off-target effects, low solubility, bioavailability anti-BCSC agents. Nanoparticle-based offer promising approach target cellular processes implicated survival BSCS TNBC. In review, we explore nanocarrier-based approaches for BCSCs aiming overcome these improve outcomes patients. These nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies hold promise addressing gap delivering while minimizing systemic toxicity enhancing efficacy. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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