Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(15)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and attractive in biotechnology biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers well therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this is the ability manufacture high-quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for processing characterization. Furthermore, there a well-characterized reference exosome materials aid selection methods isolation, purification, analysis. This review informs technology development by comparing characterization recommending workflows. also provides detailed introduction exosomes, including physical chemical properties, roles normal biological processes progression, summarizes some on-going clinical trials.

Язык: Английский

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Local delivery of USC-derived exosomes harboring ANGPTL3 enhances spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2021

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury is a devastating clinical condition for which there are currently no effective therapeutic options. In the present study, we aim to investigate if effect of an administered injection exosomes derived from human urine stem cell (USC-Exo) embedded in hydrogel could improve spinal functional recovery after and underlying mechanism. Methods Exosomes were isolated USC identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Western blot. Functional assays vitro performed assess effects USC-Exo on tube formation migration, as well their regulatory role PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. A locally exosome was used SCI treatment. The candidate protein ANGPTL3 harboring promoting angiogenesis model assessed. Results current demonstrate that can pass blood-brain barrier deliver injured region. addition, administration enhance neurological angiogenesis. results mechanistic studies revealed enriched required ability promote further confirmed mediated pathway. Conclusion Collectively, our indicate serve crucial regulator delivering may represent promising novel agent repair.

Язык: Английский

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Polydopamine nanoparticles as dual-task platform for osteoarthritis therapy: A scavenger for reactive oxygen species and regulator for cellular powerhouses

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 417, С. 129284 - 129284

Опубликована: Март 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosome in neurodegeneration-associated conditions: a groundbreaking cell-free approach

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2022

Abstract Accumulating proofs signify that pleiotropic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are not allied to their differentiation competencies but rather mediated mainly by the releases soluble paracrine mediators, making them a reasonable therapeutic option enable damaged tissue repair. Due unique immunomodulatory and regenerative attributes, MSC-derived exosomes hold great potential treat neurodegeneration-associated neurological diseases. Exosome treatment circumvents drawbacks regarding direct administration MSCs, such as tumor formation or reduced infiltration migration brain tissue. Noteworthy, MSCs-derived can cross blood–brain barrier (BBB) then efficiently deliver cargo (e.g., protein, miRNAs, lipid, mRNA) These biomolecules influence various biological processes survival, proliferation, migration, etc.) in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes. Various studies have shown systemic local exosome could lead favored outcome animals with disease supporting BBB integrity, eliciting pro-angiogenic effects, attenuating neuroinflammation, promoting neurogenesis vivo. In present review, we will an overview benefits therapy ameliorate pathological symptoms acute chronic neurodegenerative disease. Also, underlying mechanism behind these has been elucidated.

Язык: Английский

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Osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and New Regenerative Therapies

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1), С. 5 - 5

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial disease resulting in progressive loss of articular cartilage structure and function that most common middle-aged older patients. OA involved the extracellular matrix as well cell number decreases within matrix, especially further stages disease. The immune system plays pivotal role pathomechanism this condition. Both humoral cellular mediators contribute to destruction, abnormal bone remodeling, synovitis, joint effusion. increasing prevalence has led growing interest using animal models primary way broaden knowledge pathogenesis possible therapies at each stage development. This review aims describe signs, pathogenesis, classification discuss advantages disadvantages some models. currently used treatment methods include mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, gene therapies, blood-derived products. In addition, exogenous growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet lysate, autologous conditioned serum (ACS) are discussed with application tissue engineering techniques biomaterials.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) has remained a prevalent public health problem worldwide over the past decades. OA is global challenge because its specific pathogenesis unclear, and no effective disease-modifying drugs are currently available. Exosomes small single-membrane vesicles secreted via formation of endocytic multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which eventually released when MVBs fuse with plasma membrane. contain various integral surface proteins derived from cells, intercellular proteins, DNAs, RNAs, amino acids, metabolites. By transferring complex constituents promoting macrophages to generate chemokines proinflammatory cytokines, exosomes function in pathophysiological processes OA, including local inflammation, cartilage calcification degradation osteoarthritic joints. also detected synovial fluid plasma, their levels continuously change progression. Thus, exosomes, specifically exosomal miRNAs lncRNAs, potentially represent multicomponent diagnostic biomarkers for OA. types mesenchymal stem cells other cell or tissue affect angiogenesis, bone remodeling. These exhibit promising capabilities restore cartilage, attenuate balance matrix degradation, thus demonstrating therapeutic potential In combination biocompatible highly adhesive materials, such as hydrogels cryogels, may facilitate engineering therapies Based on numerous recent studies, we summarized latent mechanisms clinical value this review.

Язык: Английский

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Advantages of deep learning with convolutional neural network in detecting disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint in magnetic resonance imaging

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

This study investigated the usefulness of deep learning-based automatic detection anterior disc displacement (ADD) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patients with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). Sagittal MRI images 2520 TMJs were collected 861 men and 399 women (average age 37.33 ± 18.83 years). A learning algorithm a convolutional neural network was developed. Data augmentation Adam optimizer applied to reduce risk overfitting deep-learning model. The prediction performances compared between models human experts based on areas under curve (AUCs). fine-tuning model showed excellent performance (AUC = 0.8775) acceptable accuracy (approximately 77%). Comparing AUC values from-scratch (0.8269) freeze (0.5858) lower other In Grad-CAM visualizations, scheme focused more TMJ when judging ADD, sparsity higher than that (84.69% vs. 55.61%, p < 0.05). three fine-tuned ensemble using different data techniques 83%. Moreover, ADD TMD divided by (0.8549-0.9275) sex (male: 0.8483, female: 0.9276). While experts, difference not significant (p 0.1987-0.0671). Learning pre-trained weights allowed outperform Another benefit for diagnosing in analysis deactivation unwanted gradient provide clearer visualizations also agreed learned through important features area. further improved an diversified data. main benefits this specificity which may be useful preventing true negative cases, maintenance its across sexes ages, suggesting generalized prediction.

Язык: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a promising cell-free therapy for knee osteoarthritis

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative disease, leads to high socioeconomic burdens and disability rates. The knee joint is typically the most affected characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation synovial inflammation. current management OA mainly focuses on symptomatic relief does not help slow down advancement disease. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) their exosomes have garnered significant attention in regenerative therapy tissue engineering areas. Preclinical studies demonstrated that MSC-derived (MSC-Exos), bioactive factor carriers, promising results cell-free OA. This study reviewed application various MSC-Exos for treatment, along with exploring potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, strategies future perspectives utilization engineered MSC-Exos, alongside associated challenges, were also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing nucleus pulposus cell senescence through LCN2/NF-κB signaling axis

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the primary factor contributing to low back pain (LBP). Unlike elderly patients, many young IVDD patients usually have a history of trauma or long-term abnormal stress, which may lead local inflammatory reaction causing by immune cells, and ultimately accelerates degeneration. Research has shown significance M1-type macrophages in IVDD; nevertheless, precise mechanism route it influences function nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) remain unknown. Utilizing rat acupuncture model an NPC induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we investigated M1 macrophage-derived exosomes (M1-Exos) both vivo vitro this study. We found that M1-Exos enhanced LPS-induced senescence, increased number SA-β-gal-positive blocked cycle, promoted activation P21 P53. derived from supernatant pretreated with exosome inhibitor GW4869 reversed result vitro. RNA-seq showed Lipocalin2 (LCN2) was enriched targeted NF-κB pathway. The quantity cells significantly reduced inhibition LCN2, expression P53 NPCs decreased. same results were obtained acupuncture-induced model. In addition, LCN2 promotes type II collagen (Col-2) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), thereby restoring equilibrium metabolism inside extracellular (ECM) vivo. pathway crucial for regulating M1-Exo-mediated senescence. After addition LPS-treated NPCs, p-p65 activity activated, while si-LCN2 treatment inhibited activity. Therefore, paper demonstrates ability deliver activates signaling pathway, exacerbates accelerating This shed new light on bring fresh approach therapy. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oral Diseases: Recent Updates in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Mitochondrion, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78, С. 101942 - 101942

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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