Toxics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10(12), С. 744 - 744
Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022
Arsenic
(As)
is
a
poisonous
metalloid
that
toxic
to
both
humans
and
animals.
Drinking
water
contamination
has
been
linked
the
development
of
cancer
(skin,
lung,
urinary
bladder,
liver),
as
well
other
disorders
such
diabetes
cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal,
neurological,
developmental
damage.
According
epidemiological
studies,
As
contributes
male
infertility,
sexual
dysfunction,
poor
sperm
quality,
consequences
low
birth
weight,
spontaneous
abortion,
small
for
gestational
age
(SGA).
exposure
negatively
affected
reproductive
systems
by
lowering
testicular
accessory
organ
weights,
counts,
increasing
abnormalities
causing
apoptotic
cell
death
in
Leydig
Sertoli
cells,
which
resulted
decreased
testosterone
synthesis.
Furthermore,
during
toxicity,
several
molecular
signalling
pathways,
apoptosis,
inflammation,
autophagy
are
involved.
Phytonutrient
intervention
arsenic-induced
toxicity
various
species
received
lot
attention
over
years.
The
current
review
provides
an
in-depth
summary
available
literature
on
therapeutic
approaches
future
directions.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
5, С. 100052 - 100052
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
Arsenic
is
a
naturally
occurring
and
ubiquitously
present
metalloid
in
soil,
water,
food,
the
environment.
exposure
to
human
through
various
sources
such
as
contaminated
groundwater
other
activities
have
become
significant
global
concern.
This
because
arsenic
has
been
shown
exhibit
extreme
toxic
potential
with
serious
health
implications.
Its
humans
linked
myriads
of
disorders
this
represents
major
threat
health,
economic,
social
well-being
people,
especially,
less-developed
countries
world.
Major
diseases
that
poisoning
are
diabetes,
hyperkeratosis,
cancer,
hypertension,
neurodegeneration,
etc.
Meanwhile,
date,
there
no
specific
or
approved
remedy
for
poisoning.
Chelation
therapy
management
fraught
several
side
effects
which
limit
its
clinical
usefulness.
In
review
article,
we
tried
provide
an
insight
into
some
key
scientific
details
documented
literature
regards
toxicity.
These
include
physicochemical
properties,
means
exposure,
possible
mechanism
arsenic-induced
Furthermore,
also
beamed
our
searchlight
on
effect
organs
body.
Online
search
Engines
Google®,
Scholar
google®,
SciFinder®,
PubMed®
were
used
search.
Scientific
journals
relate
objective
without
restriction
year
publication
considered.
study
revealed
significance
toxicity
contribution
health-related
challenges.
Therefore,
it
pertinent
policy
Makers
increase
awareness
formulate
guidelines
cleaner
will
significantly
reduce
incidence
non-communicable
diseases.
Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(12), С. 6184 - 6184
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022
Arsenic
intoxication
represents
a
worldwide
health
problem
and
occurs
mainly
through
drinking
water.
Arsenic,
metalloid
naturally
occurring
element,
is
one
of
the
most
abundant
elements
in
earth’s
crust,
whose
toxicity
depends
on
reduction
state.
The
trivalent
arsenicals
are
more
toxic
than
pentavalent
arsenicals.
In
state,
inorganic
organic
arsenic
may
react
with
thiol
groups
proteins
inhibiting
their
activity,
whereas
state
replace
phosphate
ions
several
reactions.
induces
various
epigenetic
changes
mammalian
cells,
both
vivo
vitro,
often
leading
to
development
types
cancers,
including
skin,
lung,
liver,
urinary
tract,
prostate,
hematopoietic
cancers.
Potential
mechanisms
cancer
include
genotoxicity,
altered
DNA
methylation
cell
proliferation,
co-carcinogenesis,
tumor
promotion,
oxidative
stress.
On
other
hand,
FDA-certified
drug
trioxide
provides
solutions
for
diseases,
Detoxification
from
includes
chelation
therapy.
Recently,
investigations
capability
some
plants,
such
as
Eucalyptus
camadulensis
L.,
Terminalia
arjuna
L.
Salix
tetrasperma
remove
polluted
soil
water
have
been
studied.
Moreover,
nanophytoremediation
green
technology
nanoscale
materials
used
absorption
degradation
pollutants,
compounds.
This
brief
review
an
overview
uses,
toxicity,
epigenetics,
detoxification
therapies.
The
European
Commission
asked
EFSA
to
update
its
2009
risk
assessment
on
arsenic
in
food
carrying
out
a
hazard
of
inorganic
(iAs)
and
using
the
revised
exposure
issued
by
2021.
Epidemiological
studies
show
that
chronic
intake
iAs
via
diet
and/or
drinking
water
is
associated
with
increased
several
adverse
outcomes
including
cancers
skin,
bladder
lung.
CONTAM
Panel
used
benchmark
dose
lower
confidence
limit
based
response
(BMR)
5%
(relative
increase
background
incidence
after
adjustment
for
confounders,
BMDL05)
0.06
μg
iAs/kg
bw
per
day
obtained
from
study
skin
cancer
as
Reference
Point
(RP).
Inorganic
As
genotoxic
carcinogen
additional
epigenetic
effects
applied
margin
(MOE)
approach
characterisation.
In
adults,
MOEs
are
low
(range
between
2
0.4
mean
consumers
0.9
0.2
at
95th
percentile
exposure,
respectively)
such
raise
health
concern
despite
uncertainties.
Archives of Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024
Abstract
Heavy
metals
are
naturally
occurring
components
of
the
Earth’s
crust
and
persistent
environmental
pollutants.
Human
exposure
to
heavy
occurs
via
various
pathways,
including
inhalation
air/dust
particles,
ingesting
contaminated
water
or
soil,
through
food
chain.
Their
bioaccumulation
may
lead
diverse
toxic
effects
affecting
different
body
tissues
organ
systems.
The
toxicity
depends
on
properties
given
metal,
dose,
route,
duration
(acute
chronic),
extent
bioaccumulation.
detrimental
impacts
human
health
largely
linked
their
capacity
interfere
with
antioxidant
defense
mechanisms,
primarily
interaction
intracellular
glutathione
(GSH)
sulfhydryl
groups
(R-SH)
enzymes
such
as
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
catalase,
peroxidase
(GPx),
reductase
(GR),
other
enzyme
Although
arsenic
(As)
is
believed
bind
directly
critical
thiols,
alternative
hydrogen
peroxide
production
processes
have
also
been
postulated.
known
signaling
pathways
affect
a
variety
cellular
processes,
cell
growth,
proliferation,
survival,
metabolism,
apoptosis.
For
example,
cadmium
can
BLC-2
family
proteins
involved
in
mitochondrial
death
overexpression
antiapoptotic
Bcl-2
suppression
proapoptotic
(BAX,
BAK)
thus
increasing
resistance
cells
undergo
malignant
transformation.
Nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
2
(Nrf2)
an
important
regulator
enzymes,
level
oxidative
stress,
oxidants
has
shown
act
double-edged
sword
response
arsenic-induced
stress.
Another
mechanism
significant
threats
metal
(e.g.,
Pb)
involves
substitution
essential
calcium
(Ca),
copper
(Cu),
iron
(Fe))
structurally
similar
(Cd)
(Pb))
metal-binding
sites
proteins.
Displaced
redox
(copper,
iron,
manganese)
from
natural
catalyze
decomposition
Fenton
reaction
generate
damaging
ROS
hydroxyl
radicals,
causing
damage
lipids,
proteins,
DNA.
Conversely,
some
metals,
cadmium,
suppress
synthesis
nitric
oxide
radical
(NO
·
),
manifested
by
altered
vasorelaxation
and,
consequently,
blood
pressure
regulation.
Pb-induced
stress
be
indirectly
responsible
for
depletion
due
its
(O
·−
resulting
formation
potent
biological
oxidant,
peroxynitrite
(ONOO
−
).
This
review
comprehensively
discusses
mechanisms
effects.
Aluminum
(Al),
(Cd),
(As),
mercury
(Hg),
(Pb),
chromium
(Cr)
roles
development
gastrointestinal,
pulmonary,
kidney,
reproductive,
neurodegenerative
(Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
diseases),
cardiovascular,
cancer
(e.g.
renal,
lung,
skin,
stomach)
diseases
discussed.
A
short
account
devoted
detoxification
chelation
use
ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid
(
EDTA),
dimercaprol
(BAL),
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic
(DMSA),
2,3-dimercapto-1-propane
sulfonic
(DMPS),
penicillamine
chelators.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(9), С. 1815 - 1815
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023
Arsenic
(As)
is
a
metalloid
prevalent
mainly
in
soil
and
water.
The
presence
of
As
above
permissible
levels
becomes
toxic
detrimental
to
living
organisms,
therefore,
making
it
significant
global
concern.
Humans
can
absorb
through
drinking
polluted
water
consuming
As-contaminated
food
material
grown
having
problems.
Since
human
beings
are
mobile
they
use
clean
uncontaminated
found
various
channels
or
switch
from
an
area
area;
but
plants
sessile
obtain
along
with
essential
minerals
roots
that
make
them
more
susceptible
arsenic
poisoning
consequent
stress.
phosphorus
have
many
similarities
terms
their
physical
chemical
characteristics,
commonly
compete
cause
physiological
anomalies
biological
systems
contribute
further
Initial
indicators
arsenic’s
propensity
induce
toxicity
decrease
yield
loss
plant
biomass.
This
accompanied
by
considerable
alterations;
including
instant
oxidative
surge;
followed
biomolecule
oxidation.
These
variables
ultimately
result
cell
permeability
electrolyte
imbalance.
In
addition,
disturbs
the
nucleic
acids,
transcription
process,
enzymes
engaged
system’s
primary
metabolic
pathways.
To
lessen
absorption
plants,
variety
mitigation
strategies
been
proposed
which
include
agronomic
practices,
breeding,
genetic
manipulation,
computer-aided
modeling,
biochemical
techniques,
altering
approaches
regarding
consumption
pollution,
these
ways,
increased
awareness
may
be
generated.
will
help
ensuring
good
health,
security,
environmental
sustainability.
article
summarises
nature
impact
on
physio-biochemical
mechanisms
evolved
cope
stress,
measures
employed
eliminate
negative
effects
As.
Toxicology Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2023
Arsenic
is
a
naturally
occurring
element
that
poses
significant
threat
to
human
health
due
its
widespread
presence
in
the
environment,
affecting
millions
worldwide.
Sources
of
arsenic
exposure
are
diverse,
stemming
from
mining
activities,
manufacturing
processes,
and
natural
geological
formations.
manifests
both
organic
inorganic
forms,
with
trivalent
meta-arsenite
(As3+)
pentavalent
arsenate
(As5+)
being
most
common
forms.
The
state,
particular,
holds
toxicological
significance
potent
interactions
sulfur-containing
proteins.
