Role of interferons in the antiviral battle: from virus-host crosstalk to prophylactic and therapeutic potential in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Mammalians sense antigenic messages from infectious agents that penetrate the respiratory and digestive epithelium, as well signals damaged host cells through membrane cytosolic receptors. The transduction of these triggers a personalized response, depending on nature stimulus host’s genetics, physiological condition, comorbidities. Interferons (IFNs) are primary effectors innate immune their synthesis is activated in most within few hours after pathogen invasion. IFNs primarily synthesized infected cells, but anti-infective effect extended to neighboring by autocrine paracrine action. emergence severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic 2019 was stark reminder potential threat posed newly emerging viruses. This has also triggered an overwhelming influx research studies aiming unveil mechanisms protective versus pathogenic responses induced SARS‐CoV‐2. purpose this review describe role vital players battle against SARS‐CoV-2 infection. We will briefly characterize classify IFNs, present inductors IFN synthesis, sensors, signaling pathways, then discuss controlling evolution SARS-CoV-2 infection its clinical outcome. Finally, we perspectives controversies regarding prophylactic therapeutic

Язык: Английский

---

Circulating and extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs as biomarkers in bone-related diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by repressing messengerRNA-targets. MiRNAs abundant in many cell types and secreted into extracellular fluids, protected from degradation packaging vesicles. These circulating miRNAs easily accessible, disease-specific sensitive to changes, which makes them ideal biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, predictive or monitoring purposes. Specific miRNA signatures can be reflective of disease status development indicators poor treatment response. This is especially important malignant diseases, as the ease accessibility circumvents need invasive tissue biopsy. In osteogenesis, act either osteo-enhancing osteo-repressing targeting key transcription factors signaling pathways. review highlights role vesicle-derived bone-related with a specific focus on osteoporosis osteosarcoma. To this end, comprehensive literature search has been performed. The first part discusses history biology miRNAs, followed description different an update current knowledge bone related diseases. Finally, limitations biomarker research future perspectives will presented.

Язык: Английский

---

Digital PCR (dPCR) Quantification of miR-155-5p as a Potential Candidate for a Tissue Biomarker of Inflammation in Rabbits Infected with Lagovirus europaeus/Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV)

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(7), С. 1578 - 1578

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a group of small, 17-25 nucleotide, non-coding RNA sequences that, in their mature form, regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They participate many physiological and pathological processes both humans animals. One such process is viral infection, which miR-155 participates innate adaptive immune responses to broad range inflammatory mediators. Recently, study microRNA has become an interesting field research as potential candidate for biomarkers various disease. To use miRNAs inflammation diseases animals humans, it necessary improve detection quantification. In previous study, using reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we showed that ocu-miR-155-5p liver tissue was significantly higher rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus/Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) compared healthy rabbits. The results indicated role europaeus/RHDV infection reflected hepatitis impairment/dysfunction this organ during RHD. MiR-155-5p was, therefore, hypothesized biomarker examined tissues by dPCR. objective absolute quantification four (liver, lung, kidney, spleen) digital PCR, robust technique precise direct small amounts nucleic acids, including miRNAs, without standard curves external references. average copy number/µL (copies/µL) ocu-miRNA-155-5p europaeus GI.1a/Rossi 12.26 ± 0.14, lung 48.90 9.23, kidney 16.92 2.89, spleen 25.10 0.90. contrast, control rabbits, number copies/µL 5.07 1.10 liver, 23.52 2.77 lungs, 8.10 0.86 kidneys, 42.12 3.68 spleen. increased demonstrated (a fold-change 2.4, p-value = 0.0003), 2.1, 0.03), kidneys 0.01), decrease 0.6, 0.002). context infections, first report shows dPCR sensitive microRNA-155-5p infection. We think miR-155-5p may be Our presents new path discovering candidates inflammation.

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of miR-29a as a novel biomarker for lumpy skin disease virus exposure in cattle

Virulence, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-29a antagonizes IFN-γ production at early times post-LSDV infection cattle. was predicted to target upstream regulators, its inhibition resulted enhanced sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further, stimulation PBMCs with LSDV antigen exhibited lower levels miR-29a, concomitant a potent cell-mediated response (CMI), characterized by an increase LSDV-specific CD8+ T cell counts IFN-γ, which eventually facilitated virus clearance. addition, few immunocompromised cattle (developed secondary ~ 6 months) failed mount response, were shown maintain higher levels. Furthermore, as compared crossbred cattle, from Rathi (a native Indian breed) animals along IFN-γ. Finally, analysed ≥ 60% decrease expression correlated CMI response. conclusion, is involved antagonizing LSDV-infected may serve novel biomarker for acute phase infection, well predicting functionality more against than

Язык: Английский

---

Hepatitis B Virus and microRNAs: A Bioinformatics Approach

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(24), С. 17224 - 17224

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2023

In recent decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, and the identification viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs) within some viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), has attracted significant attention. HBV infections often progress to chronic states (CHB) may induce fibrosis/cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The presence can dysregulate host miRNA influencing several biological pathways, such apoptosis, innate immune response, replication, pathogenesis. Consequently, are considered a promising biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic, treatment response. dynamics during infection multifaceted, influenced by variability interactions. Given ability target multiple messenger RNA (mRNA), understanding viral-host (human) interplay is complex but essential develop novel clinical applications. Therefore, bioinformatics help analyze, identify, interpret vast amount data. This review explores tools available research. Moreover, we introduce brief overview focusing on role infection. this way, aims selection most appropriate based requirements research goals.

Язык: Английский

---

MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related gene expression in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 genotypes

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRs) are a group of small, 17–25 nucleotide, non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. To date, little is known about molecular signatures regulatory interactions between miRs and apoptosis oxidative stress in viral diseases. Lagovirus europaeus virus causes severe disease rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) called Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) belongs to Caliciviridae family, genus. Within associated with RHD, two genotypes (GI.1 GI.2) have been distinguished, GI.1 genotype includes four variants (GI.1a, GI.1b, GI.1c, GI.1d). The study aimed assess their target genes involved stress, as well potential impact on pathways during —two infection different virulences tissues (liver, lung, kidneys, spleen). related was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In this study, we evaluated miR-21 PTEN , PDCD4 ), miR-16b Bcl-2 CXCL10 miR-34a p53 SIRT1 miRs—related stress—miR-122 Bach1 miR-132 Nfr-2 ). We also examined biomarkers both processes Bax Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Caspase-3 PARP HO-I stress. Our report first present effects rabbit lungs, effect indicates that, one hand, can intensify (miR-16b, miR-34a) organs response stimulus and, other inhibit (miR-21), which cases may be determinant pathogenesis RHD tissue damage. Biomarkers / ratio promote more intense after GI.2 genotype. findings demonstrate miR-122 HO-1 biomarker course hemorrhagic show miR-21, miR-16b, three pathways. Meanwhile,

Язык: Английский

---

Comprehensive assessment of circulatory miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers in HCV recurrence post liver transplantation

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 109(3), С. 116331 - 116331

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Integrated Analysis of Noncoding RNAs (PVT-1 and miR-200c) and Their Correlation with STAT4/IL-6 Axis as Reliable Biomarkers for COVID-19 Severity

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024

Inefficient control of elevated inflammatory mediators in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to health complications, prompting the exploration efficient biomarkers for monitoring this condition. We herein sought investigate implications plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT-1), microRNA-200c (miR-200c), signal transducer and activator transcription 4 (STAT-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well how they correlated with creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity identify able early prognosis diagnosis COVID-19. Our study included a total 105 infected COVID-19 patients 35 healthy subjects controls. Individuals showed significant increase CRP, LDH activity. In addition, exhibited significantly higher levels IL-6. These also demonstrated notably expressions miR-200c PVT-1. The expression level STAT4 decreased patients, decrease was negatively creatinine PVT-1 expressions, their connections IL-6 levels, increased severity cases. receiver operating characteristic analysis that could be reliable determining

Язык: Английский

---

Dengue virus NS1 hits hard at the barrier integrity of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via cellular microRNA dysregulations

Tissue Barriers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) infections are commonly reported in the tropical and subtropical regions of world. DENV is to exploit various strategies cross blood-brain barrier. The NS1 protein plays an important role viral neuropathogenesis, resulting endothelial hyperpermeability cytokine-induced vascular leak. miRNAs short non-coding RNAs that play post-transcriptional gene regulations. However, no comprehensive information about involvement DENV-NS1-mediated neuropathogenesis has been explored date. We observed DENV-NS1 significantly alters cellular miRNome human cerebral microvascular cells a bystander fashion. Subsequent target prediction pathway enrichment analysis indicated these microRNAs their corresponding genes involved pathways associated with barrier dysfunction such as "Adherens junction" "Tight junction". Additionally, several miRNA-mRNA pairs were also found be signaling related cytokine production, for instance, "Jak-STAT pathway", "Chemokine "IL-17 "NF-κB "Viral interaction receptor". dysregulated production inflammatory cytokines compromise BBB permeability. This study first report demonstrate miRNA perturbations crucial compromising integrity. It offers insights into potential therapeutic targets mitigate DENV-NS1-induced permeability inflammation.

Язык: Английский

---

The hidden RNA code: implications of the RNA epitranscriptome in the context of viral infections

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Emerging evidence highlights the multifaceted roles of RNA epitranscriptome during viral infections. By modulating modification landscape and host RNAs, viruses enhance their propagation elude surveillance mechanisms. Here, we discuss how specific modifications, in either or molecules, impact virus-life cycle antiviral responses, highlighting potential targeting for novel therapies.

Язык: Английский

---