Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 7910 - 7910

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Язык: Английский

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Insights into Pathogenesis, Nutritional and Drug Approach in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1), С. 136 - 136

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition related to the loss of muscle mass and strength due aging, eating habits, physical inactivity, or even caused by another disease. Affected individuals have higher risk falls may be associated with heart disease, respiratory diseases, cognitive impairment, consequently an increased hospitalization, in addition causing economic impact high cost care during stay hospitals. The standardization appropriate treatment for patients sarcopenia that could help reduce pathology-related morbidity necessary. For these reasons, this study aimed perform systematic review role nutrition drugs ameliorate health quality life sarcopenic PRISMA guidelines were followed. Lifestyle interventions shown profound on but using supplements different can also skeletal maintenance. Creatine, leucine, branched-chain amino acids, omega 3, vitamin D show benefits. Although controversial results, medications such as Metformin, GLP-1, losartan, statin, growth hormone, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors been considered alter sarcopenic's metabolic parameters, protect against cardiovascular diseases outcomes, while protecting muscles.

Язык: Английский

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Multimodal cell atlas of the ageing human skeletal muscle

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 629(8010), С. 154 - 164

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Abstract Muscle atrophy and functional decline (sarcopenia) are common manifestations of frailty critical contributors to morbidity mortality in older people 1 . Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia has major implications for understanding human ageing 2 Yet, progress been slow, partly due difficulties characterizing skeletal muscle niche heterogeneity (whereby myofibres most abundant) obtaining well-characterized samples 3,4 Here we generate a single-cell/single-nucleus transcriptomic chromatin accessibility map limb muscles encompassing over 387,000 cells/nuclei from individuals aged 15 99 years with distinct fitness levels. We describe how cell populations change during ageing, including emergence new people, cell-specific multicellular network features (at epigenetic levels) associated these changes. On basis cross-comparison genetic data, also identify key elements architecture that mark susceptibility sarcopenia. Our study provides identifying targets amenable medical, pharmacological lifestyle interventions late life.

Язык: Английский

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SIRT1 activation attenuates palmitate induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 51(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(24), С. 5127 - 5127

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2023

Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation intrinsic capacity over course an individual's lifespan fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails independent movement, intricately connected various dimensions human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest compromised physical performance elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium essential mineral that plays central role approximately 800 biochemical reactions body. Its distinctive chemical attributes render it indispensable stabilizing factor orchestration diverse cellular organelle functions, thereby rendering irreplaceable processes directly impacting health. This narrative review offers comprehensive exploration played magnesium maintaining integrity, emphasizing critical importance optimal levels promoting

Язык: Английский

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The Role of the Kynurenine Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Osteoporosis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(14), С. 3132 - 3132

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Tryptophan is an essential nutrient required to generate vitamin B3 (niacin), which mainly involved in energy metabolism and DNA production. Alterations tryptophan could have significant effects on aging musculoskeletal health. The kynurenine pathway, catabolism, modulated by inflammatory factors that are increased older persons, a process known as inflammaging. Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, frailty also been linked with chronically levels of factors. Due the disruption pathway chronic inflammation and/or changes gut microbiota, serum toxic metabolites associated pathophysiology those conditions. In contrast, anabolic products this such picolinic acid, demonstrated positive effect skeletal muscle bone. addition, physical activity can modulate promoting secretion kynurenines. According evidence collected, kynurenines promising role biomarkers for osteoporosis persons. some these become important targets developing new pharmacological treatments

Язык: Английский

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Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96, С. 102267 - 102267

Опубликована: Март 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Inflamm-ageing: how cytokines and nutrition shape the trajectory of ageing

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Population ageing is increasing in prevalence most developed countries. Ageing the decline of functional properties at cellular, tissue, and organ level. Biochemical changes that occur all organisms experience biological are referred to as "Hallmarks ageing". Inflammation a common denominator hallmarks ageing, being mechanistically involved age-related health consequences. Inflamm-ageing refers inflammatory immune systems which somehow drive process towards healthy or unhealthy ageing. Current evidences, support that, reversing pro-inflammatory status inflamm-ageing, able modulate associated with increased levels molecules (e.g. cytokines, chemokines), ultimately producing chronic low-grade state typically observed older individuals. It commonly accepted balance between pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines one factors determining whether occurs. Malnutrition nutritional imbalances, highly prevalent elderly, playing role driving immunoactive molecules. In particular, malnutrition major risk factor for sarcopenia, phenomenon characterized by loss muscle mass, often basis frailty. Given close relationship there also evidence link Indeed, cytokine/chemokine elderly patients were demonstrated. The demonstration specific cytokines play modulating appetite nutrient sensing taste reception, provided further existence nutrition shaping trajectory present review will overview current supporting circulating chemokines inflammation, malnutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial involvement in sarcopenia

Acta Physiologica, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 240(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Abstract Sarcopenia lowers the quality‐of‐life for millions of people across world, as accelerated loss skeletal muscle mass and function contributes to both age‐ disease‐related frailty. Physical activity remains only proven therapy sarcopenia date, but alternatives are much sought after manage this progressive disorder in individuals who unable exercise. Mitochondria have been widely implicated etiology increasingly suggested attractive therapeutic targets help restore perturbed balance between protein synthesis breakdown that underpins atrophy. Reviewing current literature, we note mitochondrial bioenergetic changes generally interpreted intrinsic dysfunction renders cells incapable making sufficient ATP fuel synthesis. Based on reported effects interventions, however, argue observed may instead reflect an adaptation pathologically decreased energy expenditure sarcopenic muscle. Discrimination these mechanistic possibilities will be crucial improving management sarcopenia.

Язык: Английский

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The Indissociable Triad: Vascular Impairment, Muscle Atrophy, and Cognitive Decline

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

The triad of vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline represents critical age-related conditions that significantly impact health. Vascular impairment disrupts blood flow, precipitating mass reduction seen in sarcopenia the neuronal functions characteristic neurodegeneration. Our limited understanding intricate relationships within this hinders accurate diagnosis effective treatment strategies. This review ana-lyzes interrelated mechanisms contribute to these conditions, with a specific focus on ox-idative stress, chronic inflammation, impaired nutrient delivery. aim is understand common pathways involved suggest comprehensive therapeutic approaches. dysfunctions hinder circulation transportation nutrients, resulting sar-copenia characterized by atrophy weakness. dysfunction have negative physical function quality life. Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit comparable pathophysiological affect motor functions. Preventive approaches encompass lifestyle adjustments, addressing oxidative in-flammation, integrated therapies improving muscular well-being. Better links can refine strategies yield better patient out-comes. study emphasizes complex interplay between dysfunction, de-generation, decline, highlighting necessity for multidisciplinary ap-proaches. Advances domain promise improved diagnostic accuracy, more thera-peutic options, enhanced preventive measures, all contributing higher life elderly population.

Язык: Английский

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