Meta-analysis reveals obesity associated gut microbial alteration patterns and reproducible contributors of functional shift

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

The majority of cohort-specific studies associating gut microbiota with obesity are often contradictory; thus, the replicability signature remains questionable. Moreover, species that drive obesity-associated functional shifts and their remain unexplored. Thus, we aimed to address these questions by analyzing microbial metagenome sequencing data develop an in-depth understanding obese host-gut interactions using 3329 samples (Obese, n = 1494; Control, 1835) from 17 different countries, including both 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequence data. Fecal diverse geographical locations were curated, profiled, pooled a machine learning-based approach identify robust global signatures obesity. Furthermore, pathways systematically integrated through genomic content contributors shifts. community structure microbiome was evaluated, reproducible depletion diversity observed in compared lean gut. From this, infer loss is responsible for perturbations healthy repertoire. We identified 25 highly predictive 37 pathway associations as obesity, which validated remarkably high accuracy (AUC, Species: 0.85, pathway: 0.80) independent validation dataset. reduction short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers (several Alistipes species, Odoribacter splanchnicus, etc.) promoters barrier integrity (Akkermansia muciniphila Bifidobacterium longum) guts. Our analysis underlines SCFAs purine/pyrimidine biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism control individuals, amino acid, enzyme cofactor, peptidoglycan biosynthesis enrichment individuals. also mapped important dataset-specific shared across datasets. In summary, comprehensive datasets unveils specifically contributing consistent patterns associated

Язык: Английский

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Nano-encapsulation of probiotics: Need and critical considerations to design new non-dairy probiotic products

Journal of Functional Foods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 116, С. 106192 - 106192

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

People worldwide need to improve their health or intention control diseases more naturally through ingredients incorporated into foods and beverages, called functional foods. Functional include probiotic organisms bioactive compounds dairy fermentable foods, whose consumption is recommended for various vulnerable groups linked the stay healthy. The increase in production of containing live probiotics has led development new products, particularly non-dairy type, counteract disadvantages such as low digestibility, allergies, intolerance, increased cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, consumer's food preference, which impacts health. In this sense, continuous matrices application nanotechnological strategies had a significant impact on science, providing nano-encapsulation systems transport, storage, release organisms, preserving properties exert beneficial effects without affecting sensory characteristics product. This paper addresses recent advances strains, pointing out advantages limitations according matrix encapsulation techniques used. Considerations are presented design based nano-systems that allow obtaining quality products with nutritional value high bioavailability, viability, protect from factors pH temperature, stability compounds, decrease adverse interactions between components while acting controlled systems. Additionally, toxicological aspects continue toxicity testing intended be used food, even when dealing raw materials recognized non-toxic, pointed out, considering each nanosystem presents different properties. As research use progresses, it may contribute mitigating environmental damage.

Язык: Английский

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Integration of 168,000 samples reveals global patterns of the human gut microbiome

Cell, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The factors shaping human microbiome variation are a major focus of biomedical research. While other fields have used large sequencing compendia to extract insights requiring otherwise impractical sample sizes, the field has lacked comparably sized resource for 16S rRNA gene amplicon commonly quantify composition. To address this gap, we processed 168,464 publicly available gut samples with uniform pipeline. We use compendium evaluate geographic and technical effects on variation. find that regions such as Central Southern Asia differ significantly from more thoroughly characterized microbiomes Europe Northern America composition alone can be predict sample's region origin. also strong associations between primers DNA extraction. anticipate growing work, Human Microbiome Compendium, will enable advanced applied methodological

Язык: Английский

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Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(8), С. 1597 - 1597

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent contributors to problem, not able fully explain all cases current trends. In context, body knowledge related exposure as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred "exposome", merits detailed analysis. Contrarily genome, "exposome" is subject great dynamism variability, unfolds throughout individual's lifetime. development precise ways capturing full spectrum person extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight elevated ambient temperatures, utero, intergenerational effects well epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests possibility that may work alone or synergistically several alternative putative global epidemic. This narrative review reports available evidence on drivers Broadly based interventions needed better identify these at same time stimulating reflection potential relevance perpetuation

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota diversity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and in drug-induced liver injury

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 182, С. 106348 - 106348

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

The gut microbiota could play a significant role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its relevance drug-induced injury (DILI) remains unexplored. Since two hepatic disorders may share damage pathways, we analysed metagenomic profile NAFLD, with or without fibrosis, and DILI, identified main associated bacterial metabolic pathways. In NAFLD group, found decrease Alistipes, Barnesiella, Eisenbergiella, Flavonifractor, Fusicatenibacter, Gemminger, Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Parasutterella, Saccharoferementans Subdoligranulum abundances compared those both DILI control groups. Additionally, detected an increase Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Sarcina Turicibacter no/mild fibrosis. group exhibited lower microbial richness than Acetobacteroides, Blautia, Caloramator, Coprococcus, Flavobacterium, Lachnospira, Natronincola, Oscillospira, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Shuttleworthia, Themicanus We seven pathways that were impaired only most which biosynthesis. differences relation to groups related acid lipid conclusion, distinct specific for each type disorder studied. These can provide further insight into physiopathology development DILI.

Язык: Английский

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New Understanding of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Endometriosis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(11), С. 6725 - 6725

Опубликована: Май 31, 2022

For 100 years, pelvic endometriosis has been considered to originate from the implantation of endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation or metaplasia. Since some observations, such as clonal aspect, biochemical variability lesions and in women without endometrium, genetic-epigenetic (G-E) theory describes that only begins after a series cumulative G-E cellular changes. This explains endometriotic may any pluripotent cell apart ‘endometrium-like cells’ can harbour important differences, risk is higher predisposed with more inherited incidents. A consequence high puberty which decreases progressively thereafter. Considering 10-year delay between initiation performing laparoscopy, this was observed United Arab Emirates, Belgium, France USA. The subsequent growth varies changes environment but self-limiting probably because immunologic reaction fibrosis. That each lesion different set incidents pain response hormonal treatment. New develop, recurrences surgical excision are rare. fibrosis around belongs body does not need be removed. suggests conservative minimal bowel safety margins superficial treatment ovarian endometriosis. concept also prevention by decreasing oxidative stress peritoneal microbiome. vaginal infections gastrointestinal microbiota through food intake exercise. In conclusion, initiating during adolescence UAE, France, Belgium new understanding limited opens perspectives for earlier diagnosis better

Язык: Английский

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Spotlight on the Gut Microbiome in Menopause: Current Insights

International Journal of Women s Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер Volume 14, С. 1059 - 1072

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Abstract: The gut microbiome is an important contributor to human health, shaped by many endogenous and exogenous factors. displays sexual dimorphism, suggesting influence of sex hormones, also has been shown change with aging. Yet, little known regarding the menopause – a pivotal event reproductive aging in women on microbiome. Here, we summarize what interrelationships female hormones microbiome, review available literature menopause, humans. Taken together, research suggests that associated lower diversity shift toward greater similarity male however more needed large study populations identify replicable patterns taxa impacted menopause. Many gaps knowledge remain, including role may play menopause-related disease risks, whether menopausal hormone therapy modifies Given modifiable nature better understanding its health will be critical novel opportunities for improvement peri- post-menopausal well-being. Keywords: estrobolome, microbial translocation, estrogen, progesterone

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Characteristics of People with Obesity by Meta-Analysis of Existing Datasets

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(14), С. 2993 - 2993

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Obesity is a complex chronic, relapsing, progressive disease. Association studies have linked microbiome alterations with obesity and overweight. However, the results are not always consistent. An integrated analysis of 4282 fecal samples (2236 control (normal weight) group, 1152 overweight, 894 simple obesity) was performed to identify obesity-associated microbial markers. Based on random effects model fixed model, we calculated odds ratios metrics, including bacterial alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, common genera, pathways, between groups as well overweight groups. The forest trained based single dataset at genus level. Feature selection feature importance ranked by mean decrease accuracy leave-one-out cross-validation conducted improve predictive performance models. Chao1 evenness possessed significant ORs higher than 1.0 Significant community differences were observed control. ratio significantly in patients. relative abundance Lachnoclostridium Faecalitalea people obesity, while 23 Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Akkermansia, Alistipes, Butyricimonas, etc., lower. achieved high (AUC = 0.83). adenine adenosine salvage pathway (PWY-6609) L-histidine degradation I (HISDEG-PWY) clustered obese patients, amino acid biosynthesis pathways (HISDEG-PWY, DAPLYSINESYN-PWY) decreased. This study identified biomarkers, providing fertile targets for management obesity.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of microbiome-modulating probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of clinical trials

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 185, С. 106520 - 106520

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2022

The globally escalating diabetes epidemic is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Microbiome-modulating nutraceuticals have been investigated their potential to restore metabolic floral homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients METHODS: A systematic review, meta-analyses meta-regressions were conducted investigate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on various biomarkers glucose based a multi-database search clinical trials published through April 10, 2022. Data was pooled using random effects reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), followed by univariate linear model meta-regression.Data from 68 trial comparisons across 58 studies (n = 3835) revealed that, compared placebo/control group, administration pro/pre/synbiotics associated statistically changes fasting plasma (-12.41 mg/dl [95% CI: -15.94; -8.88], p 0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (-0.38% -0.47; -0.30], insulin (-1.49 µU/mL -2.12; -0.86], HOMA-IR (-0.69 -1.16; -0.23], 0.0031) QUICKI (0.0148 0.0052; 0.0244], 0.0025), but not C-peptide (-0.0144 ng/mL -0.2564; -0.2275], 0.9069). Age, baseline BMI, biomarker value, pro/prebiotic dosage, duration, nutraceutical type, recruitment region significantly affected use personalized adjunct therapy. Lastly, we discuss unexplained observations directives future trials, aim maximizing our understanding how microbiome-modulating can treat diseases CONCLUSIONS: Pro/pre/synbiotic supplementation improved patients. Our results support therapy improving glycemia insulinemia alongside pharmacological therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(2), С. 1166 - 1166

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma disease proportions. It characterized by neurodegeneration neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy the death retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On other hand, there growing interest microbiome dysbiosis, particularly gut, has been widely acknowledged to play prominent role etiology metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies begun highlight fact that dysbiosis could critical onset progression several neurodegenerative diseases, well development ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut can induce endotoxemia systemic inflammation causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As result, bacteria their metabolites be delivered via bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels regions level retina nerve, tissue degeneration neuroinflammation. Nowadays, preliminary evidence for existence brain microbiomes. altered perturb resident brain–ocular ecosystem which, turn, exacerbate local inflammation. All these processes, finally, lead RGC neurodegeneration. purpose this literature review explore recent on related common mechanisms underlying

Язык: Английский

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