Therapeutic strategies for human poxvirus infections: Monkeypox (mpox), smallpox, molluscipox, and orf

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 52, С. 102528 - 102528

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2022

Therapeutic and vaccine development for human poxvirus infections (e.g., monkeypox (mpox) virus, variola molluscum contagiosum orf virus) has been largely deserted, especially after the eradication of smallpox by 1980. Human mpox is a self-limited disease confined to Central West Africa decades. However, since April 2022, quickly emerged as multi-country outbreak, urgently calling effective antiviral agents vaccines control mpox. Here, this review highlights possible therapeutic options tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir) other strategies vaccines, intravenous vaccinia immune globulin) management worldwide.

Язык: Английский

---

Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 278 - 278

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

The monkeypox disease (MPX) outbreak of 2022 has been reported in more than one hundred countries and is becoming a global concern. Unfortunately, only few treatments, such as tecovirimat (TCV), are available against MPX. Brincidofovir (BCV) United States Food Drug Administration (USFDA)-approved antiviral smallpox. This article reviews the potential BCV for treating MPX other Orthopoxvirus (OPXVs) diseases. literature this review was collected from PubMed, authentic websites (USFDA, Chimerix), freely patent databases (USPTO, Espacenet, Patentscope). (a lipophilic derivative cidofovir) discovered developed by Chimerix Incorporation, USA. Besides smallpox, also tested clinically various viral infections (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, ebola virus, herpes simplex double-stranded DNA virus). Many health agencies reports have recommended using However, no agency yet approved Accordingly, off-label use anticipated revealed some important compositions BCV. authors believe there huge opportunity to create novel, inventive, patentable BCV-based therapies (new combinations with existing antivirals) OPXVs illnesses (MPX, cowpox, camelpox, vaccinia). It advised conduct drug interaction (food, drug, interaction) resistance investigations on while developing its medications. repurposing options open further exploration. offers promising biosecurity OPXV-based bioterrorism attacks control 2022.

Язык: Английский

---

Trofinetide for Rett Syndrome: Highlights on the Development and Related Inventions of the First USFDA-Approved Treatment for Rare Pediatric Unmet Medical Need

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(15), С. 5114 - 5114

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unmet medical need. RTT was recognized in 1966. However, over the past 56 years, United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has authorized no effective treatment for RTT. Recently, Trofinetide approved by USFDA on 10 March 2023 as first treatment. This article underlines pharmaceutical advancement, patent literature, prospects of Trofinetide. The data this study were gathered from PubMed database, authentic websites (Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Neuren USFDA), free databases. disclosed Pharmaceuticals 2000 methyl group containing analog naturally occurring neuroprotective tripeptide called glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE). joint efforts Acadia have developed mechanism action not yet well established. it supposed to improve neuronal morphology synaptic functioning. literature revealed handful inventions related Trofinetide, providing excellent unexplored broad research possibilities with development innovative Trofinetide-based molecules, combinations patient-compliant drug formulations, precise MECP2-mutation-related personalized medicines are foreseeable. clinical trials some disorders (NDDs), including treating Fragile X (FXS). It expected that may be FXS future. USFDA-approval one important milestones therapy beginning new era RTT, FXS, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), brain injury, stroke, other NDDs.

Язык: Английский

---

Fluorine in the pharmaceutical industry: Synthetic approaches and application of clinically approved fluorine-enriched anti-infectious medications

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 271, С. 116446 - 116446

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Pharmacological treatment and vaccines in monkeypox virus: a narrative review and bibliometric analysis

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

Mpox (earlier known as monkeypox) virus infection is a recognized public health emergency. There has been little research on the treatment options. This article reviews specific drugs used to treat mpox and vaccines here. Instead of focusing mechanistic basis, this review narrates practical, real-life experiences individual patients disease being administered these medicines. We conducted bibliometric analysis using data from several databases like PubMed, Scopus, Embase. The topic grown tremendously recently but it highly concentrated in few countries. Cidofovir most studied drug. because indicated also off-label for conditions. include tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir, vaccinia immune globulin, trifluridine. Tecovirimat frequently. It promising option progressive terms both efficacy safety. Brincidofovir associated with discontinuation due elevated hepatic enzymes. not preferred drug, often unavailability tecovirimat. Trifluridine topically an add-on agent along tecovirimat ocular manifestations disease. No study reports patient globulin. Though no vaccine currently approved infection, ACAM 2000 JYNNEOS are mainly considered. capable replicating may cause severe adverse reactions. when contraindicated. Several under development have discussed alongside pragmatic aspects prevention. Further studies can provide more insight into safety actively progressing

Язык: Английский

---

A fractional mathematical model for vaccinated humans with the impairment of Monkeypox transmission

The European Physical Journal Special Topics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

An Immunoinformatics Approach to Design Novel and Potent Multi-Epitope-Based Vaccine to Target Lumpy Skin Disease

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 398 - 398

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2023

The lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus of the Poxviridae family is a serious threat that mostly affects cattle and causes significant economic loss. LSD has potential to spread widely its rapidly across borders. Despite availability information, there still no competitive vaccine available for LSD. Therefore, current study was conducted develop an epitope-based efficient, secure, biocompatible stimulates both innate adaptive immune responses using immunoinformatics techniques. Initially, putative virion core proteins were manipulated; B-cell T-cell epitopes have been predicted connected with help adjuvants linkers. Numerous bioinformatics methods, including antigenicity testing, transmembrane topology screening, allergenicity assessment, conservancy analysis, toxicity evaluation, employed find superior epitopes. Based on promising candidates immunogenic potential, design selected. Strong interactions between TLR4 TLR9 anticipated revealed by molecular docking. Finally, based high docking score, computer simulations performed in order assess stability, efficacy, compactness constructed vaccine. simulation outcomes showed polypeptide remarkably stable, expression, qualities, considerable solubility. Additionally, computer-based research shows provides adequate population coverage, making it candidate use vaccines against other viruses within potentially families as well. These suggest developed this will be control prevent LSDV-related disorders if further investigated experimentally.

Язык: Английский

---

VP37 Protein Inhibitors for Mpox Treatment: Highlights on Recent Advances, Patent Literature, and Future Directions

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 1106 - 1106

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023

Monkeypox disease (Mpox) has threatened humankind worldwide since mid-2022. The Mpox virus (MpoxV) is an example of Orthopoxviruses (OPVs), which share similar genomic structures. A few treatments and vaccines are available for Mpox. OPV-specific VP37 protein (VP37P) a target developing drugs against other OPV-induced infections such as smallpox. This review spotlights the existing prospective VP37P inhibitors (VP37PIs) non-patent literature was collected from PubMed, patent gathered free databases. Very little work been carried out on VP37PIs. One VP37PI (tecovirimat) already approved in Europe to treat Mpox, while another drug, NIOCH-14, under clinical trial. Developing tecovirimat/NIOCH-14-based combination therapies with clinically used demonstrating activity or OPV (mitoxantrone, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, novobiocin, cidofovir, brincidofovir, idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine, fialuridine, adefovir, imatinib, rifampicin), immunity boosters (vitamin C, zinc, thymoquinone, quercetin, ginseng, etc.), may appear promising strategy fight infections. Drug repurposing also good approach identifying useful dearth discovery process VP37PIs makes it interesting area further research. development hybrid molecules certain chemotherapeutic agents looks fruitful can be explored obtain new VP37PI. It would challenging develop ideal concerning its specificity, safety, efficacy.

Язык: Английский

---

Comprehensive Insights into Monkeypox (mpox): Recent Advances in Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. 1 - 1

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infection closely related to smallpox, manifesting as milder febrile rash in affected individuals. Over the past two decades, incidence of mpox has surged, possibly linked declining immunity against smallpox vaccine worldwide. Recent outbreaks multiple countries have sparked concerns regarding altered transmission patterns and potential for global menace. In this article, we present multidimensional review encompassing latest scientific discoveries, illuminating intricate structure human virus. Key findings include advancements understanding virus's molecular mechanisms, which highlight its genetic adaptability zoonotic spillover. Diagnostic innovations, such improved assays, enhanced detection accuracy, while novel therapeutic strategies, including antiviral drugs vaccines, show promise mitigating outbreaks. Our conclusions emphasize importance robust surveillance systems, vaccination programs, rapid response strategies curb mpox's spread. Future recommendations strengthening collaboration disease surveillance, advancing research on host-pathogen interactions, developing next-generation therapeutics address emerging public health threat effectively.

Язык: Английский

---

Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 352 - 352

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Zoonotic viruses have significant pandemic potential, as evidenced by the coronavirus pandemic, which underscores that zoonotic infections historically caused numerous outbreaks and millions of deaths over centuries. induce types illnesses in their natural hosts. These are transmitted to humans via biological vectors, direct contact with infected animals or bites, aerosols. continuously evolve adapt human hosts, resulting devastating consequences. It is very important understand pathogenesis pathways associated viral across various hosts develop countermeasure strategies accordingly. In this review, we briefly discuss advancements diagnostics therapeutics for infections. provides insight into recent outbreaks, dynamics, licensed vaccines, well vaccine candidates progressing clinical investigations. Despite advancements, challenges persist combating due immune evasion, unpredicted complexity responses. Most these lack effective treatments relying entirely on supportive care preventive measures. Exposure animal reservoirs, limited access, insufficient coverage further pose efforts. This review highlights critical need ongoing interdisciplinary research collaboration strengthen preparedness response against emerging infectious threats.

Язык: Английский

---