The
Drosophila
larva
is
extensively
used
as
model
organism
in
neuroethological
studies
where
precise
behavioral
tracking
enables
the
statistical
analysis
of
individual
and
population-level
metrics
that
can
inform
mathematical
models
larval
behavior.
Here,
we
propose
a
hierarchical
architecture
comprising
three
layers
to
facilitate
modular
construction,
closed-loop
simulations,
direct
comparisons
between
empirical
simulated
data.
At
basic
layer,
autonomous
locomotory
capable
performing
exploration.
Based
on
novel
kinematic
analyses
our
features
intermittent
forward
crawling
phasically
coupled
lateral
bending.
second
navigation
achieved
via
active
sensing
environment
top-down
modulation
locomotion.
top
adaptation
entails
associative
learning.
We
evaluate
virtual
behavior
across
agent-based
simulations
free
exploration,
chemotaxis,
odor
preference
testing.
Our
ideally
suited
for
combination
neuromechanical,
neural
or
mere
components,
facilitating
their
evaluation,
comparison,
extension
integration
into
multifunctional
control
architectures.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
65, С. 129 - 137
Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2020
The
larva
of
Drosophila
melanogaster
is
emerging
as
a
powerful
model
system
for
comprehensive
brain-wide
understanding
the
circuit
implementation
neural
computations.
With
an
unprecedented
amount
tools
in
hand,
including
synaptic-resolution
connectomics,
whole-brain
imaging,
and
genetic
selective
targeting
single
neuron
types,
it
possible
to
dissect
which
circuits
computations
are
at
work
behind
behaviors
that
have
interesting
level
complexity.
Here
we
present
some
recent
advances
regarding
multisensory
integration,
learning,
action
selection
larva.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2020
Abstract
Nervous
systems
coordinate
effectors
across
the
body
during
movements.
We
know
little
about
cellular-level
structure
of
synaptic
circuits
for
such
body-wide
control.
Here
we
describe
whole-body
connectome
and
cell-type
complement
a
three-segmented
larva
marine
annelid
Platynereis
dumerilii
.
reconstructed
annotated
over
1,500
neurons
6,500
non-neuronal
cells
in
serial
electron
microscopy
dataset.
The
differentiated
fall
into
180
neuronal
90
cell
types.
analyse
modular
network
architecture
entire
nervous
system
polysynaptic
pathways
from
428
sensory
to
four
effector
–
ciliated
cells,
glands,
pigment
muscles.
complete
somatic
musculature
its
innervation
will
be
described
companion
paper.
also
investigated
intersegmental
differences
complement,
descending
ascending
pathways,
mechanosensory
peptidergic
circuits.
Our
work
provides
basis
understanding
coordination
annelids.
Neuroendocrine
systems
in
animals
maintain
organismal
homeostasis
and
regulate
stress
response.
Although
a
great
deal
of
work
has
been
done
on
the
neuropeptides
hormones
that
are
released
act
target
organs
periphery,
synaptic
inputs
onto
these
neuroendocrine
outputs
brain
less
well
understood.
Here,
we
use
transmission
electron
microscopy
reconstruction
whole
central
nervous
system
Drosophila
larva
to
elucidate
sensory
pathways
interneurons
provide
input
neurosecretory
cells
projecting
endocrine
organs.
Predicted
by
network
modeling,
also
identify
new
carbon
dioxide-responsive
acts
specific
set
includes
those
expressing
corazonin
(Crz)
diuretic
hormone
44
(Dh44)
neuropeptides.
Our
analysis
reveals
neuronal
architecture
for
combinatorial
action
based
interneuronal
converge
distinct
combinations
outputs.
Taste
detection
and
hunger
state
dynamically
regulate
the
decision
to
initiate
feeding.
To
study
how
context-appropriate
feeding
decisions
are
generated,
we
combined
synaptic
resolution
circuit
reconstruction
with
targeted
genetic
access
specific
neurons
elucidate
a
gustatory
sensorimotor
for
initiation
in
adult
Drosophila
melanogaster.
This
connects
sensory
proboscis
motor
through
three
intermediate
layers.
Most
this
pathway
necessary
sufficient
extension,
behavior,
respond
selectively
sugar
taste
detection.
Pathway
activity
is
amplified
by
signals
that
act
at
select
second-order
promote
food-deprived
animals.
In
contrast,
inhibited
bitter
impinges
on
premotor
neurons,
illuminating
local
motif
weighs
adjust
behavioral
outcomes.
Together,
these
studies
reveal
central
mechanisms
integration
of
external
internal
nutritive
flexibly
execute
critical
decision.
Gustatory
sensory
neurons
detect
caloric
and
harmful
compounds
in
potential
food
convey
this
information
to
the
brain
inform
feeding
decisions.
To
examine
signals
that
gustatory
transmit
receive,
we
reconstructed
axons
their
synaptic
sites
adult
Diverse
mechanosensory
neurons
detect
different
mechanical
forces
that
can
impact
animal
behavior.
Yet
our
understanding
of
the
anatomical
and
physiological
diversity
these
behaviors
they
influence
is
limited.
We
previously
discovered
grooming
Drosophila
melanogaster
antennae
elicited
by
an
antennal
chordotonal
organ,
Johnston’s
organ
(JO)
(Hampel
et
al.,
2015).
Here,
we
describe
anatomically
physiologically
distinct
JO
neuron
subpopulations
each
elicit
grooming.
show
project
to
different,
discrete
zones
in
brain
differ
their
responses
stimulation
antennae.
Although
activation
subpopulation
elicits
grooming,
also
additional
wing
flapping
or
backward
locomotion.
Our
results
provide
a
comprehensive
description
JO,
reveal
both
common
behavioral
responses.
