European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Abstract
Cognitive
flexibility,
the
capacity
to
adapt
behaviour
changes
in
environment,
is
impaired
a
range
of
brain
disorders,
including
schizophrenia
and
Parkinson's
disease.
Putative
neural
substrates
cognitive
flexibility
include
mesencephalic
pathways
ventral
striatum
(VS)
dorsomedial
(DMS),
hypothesized
encode
learning
signals
needed
maximize
rewarded
outcomes
during
decision‐making.
However,
it
unclear
whether
projections
dorsal
are
distinct
their
contribution
flexible
reward‐related
learning.
Here,
rats
acquired
two‐choice
spatial
probabilistic
reversal
(PRL)
task,
reinforced
on
an
80%|20%
basis
(correct|incorrect
responses)
that
assessed
repeated
reversals
response‐outcome
contingencies.
We
report
optogenetic
stimulation
from
tegmental
area
(VTA)
nucleus
accumbens
shell
(NAcS)
VS
significantly
when
optical
was
temporally
aligned
with
negative
feedback
(i.e.,
reward
omission).
VTA
→
NAcS
other
phases
behavioural
task
without
significant
effect.
Optogenetic
projection
neurons
substantia
nigra
(SN)
DMS,
either
receipt
or
omission
prior
making
choice,
had
no
effect
These
findings
consistent
notion
increased
activity
pathway
disrupts
by
impairing
reinforcement.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2022
Abstract
The
auditory
striatum,
the
tail
portion
of
dorsal
striatum
in
basal
ganglia,
is
implicated
perceptual
decision-making,
transforming
stimuli
to
action
outcomes.
Despite
its
known
connections
diverse
neurological
conditions,
dopaminergic
modulation
sensory
striatal
neuronal
activity
and
behavioral
influences
remain
unknown.
We
demonstrated
that
optogenetic
inhibition
projections
from
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta
specifically
impairs
mouse
choice
performance
but
not
movement
an
frequency
discrimination
task.
In
vivo
dopamine
calcium
imaging
freely
behaving
mice
revealed
this
projection
modulates
tone
representations,
tone-evoked
release
inversely
correlated
with
evidence
strength
tones.
Optogenetic
D1-receptor
expressing
neurons
pharmacological
D1
receptors
dampened
accuracy.
Our
study
uncovers
a
phasic
mechanism
within
nigrostriatal
system
regulates
decisions
by
modulating
ongoing
perception.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024
The
basal
ganglia
are
major
targets
of
cortical
inputs
and,
in
turn,
modulate
function
via
their
projections
to
the
motor
and
prefrontal
cortices.
role
control
reward
is
well
documented
there
also
extensive
evidence
that
they
play
a
key
social
repetitive
behaviors.
influence
activity
cerebral
cortex
two
from
striatum
output
nuclei,
globus
pallidus
internus
substantia
nigra,
pars
reticulata.
This
modulation
involves
direct
projection
known
as
pathway
an
indirect
externus
subthalamic
nucleus,
pathway.
review
discusses
respective
contribution
pathways
behaviors
neurotypical
conditions
autism
spectrum
disorders.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
159, С. 105574 - 105574
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024
The
quest
to
understand
the
memory
engram
has
intrigued
humans
for
centuries.
Recent
technological
advances,
including
genetic
labelling,
imaging,
optogenetic
and
chemogenetic
techniques,
have
propelled
field
of
research
forward.
These
tools
enabled
researchers
create
erase
components.
While
these
innovative
techniques
yielded
invaluable
insights,
they
often
focus
on
specific
elements
trace.
Genetic
labelling
may
rely
a
particular
immediate
early
gene
as
marker
activity,
optogenetics
activate
or
inhibit
one
type
neuron,
imaging
capture
activity
snapshots
in
given
brain
region
at
times.
Yet,
memories
are
multifaceted,
involving
diverse
arrays
neuronal
subpopulations,
circuits,
regions
that
work
concert
create,
store,
retrieve
information.
Consideration
contributions
both
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons,
micro
macro
circuits
across
regions,
dynamic
nature
active
ensembles,
representational
drift
is
crucial
comprehensive
understanding
complex
memory.
The
posterior
dorsomedial
striatum
(pDMS)
is
necessary
for
goal-directed
action;
however,
the
role
of
direct
(dSPN)
and
indirect
(iSPN)
spiny
projection
neurons
in
pDMS
such
actions
remains
unclear.
In
this
series
experiments,
we
examined
SPNs
action
rats
found
that
whereas
dSPNs
were
critical
learning
energizing
learned
response,
iSPNs
involved
updating
to
support
response
flexibility.
Instrumental
training
elevated
expression
plasticity
marker
Zif268
only,
chemogenetic
suppression
dSPN
activity
during
prevented
learning.
Unilateral
optogenetic
inhibition
induced
an
ipsilateral
bias
performance.
contrast,
although
initial
was
unaffected
by
iSPN
manipulations,
iSPNs,
but
not
dSPNs,
impaired
attenuated
flexibility
after
changes
action-outcome
contingency.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(3), С. 113828 - 113828
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
The
acquisition
and
performance
of
goal-directed
actions
has
long
been
argued
to
depend
on
the
integration
glutamatergic
inputs
posterior
dorsomedial
striatum
(pDMS)
under
modulatory
influence
dopamine.
Nevertheless,
relatively
little
is
known
about
dynamics
striatal
dopamine
during
actions.
To
investigate
this,
we
chronically
recorded
release
in
pDMS
as
rats
acquired
two
for
distinct
outcomes
these
action-outcome
associations
were
incremented
then
subsequently
degraded
or
reversed.
We
found
that
bilateral
scaled
with
action
value,
whereas
lateralized
signal,
i.e.,
difference
ipsilaterally
contralaterally
direction
action,
reflected
strength
association
independently
changes
movement.
Our
results
establish,
therefore,
activity
reflects
both
moment-to-moment
value
long-term
association.
Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
546, С. 20 - 32
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Evidence
suggests
that
dopamine
activity
provides
a
US-related
prediction
error
for
Pavlovian
conditioning
and
the
reinforcement
signal
supporting
acquisition
of
habits.
However,
its
role
in
goal-directed
action
is
less
clear.
There
are
currently
few
studies
have
assessed
release
as
animals
acquire
perform
self-paced
instrumental
actions.
Here
we
briefly
review
literature
documenting
psychological,
behavioral
neural
bases
actions
rats
mice,
before
turning
to
describe
recent
investigating
learning
performance.
Plasticity
dorsomedial
striatum,
central
node
network
action,
clearly
requires
release,
timing
which,
relative
cortical
thalamic
inputs,
determines
degree
form
plasticity.
Beyond
this,
bilateral
appears
reflect
reward
errors
experience
consequences
an
action.
Such
signals
feedforward
update
value
specific
associated
with
outcome
during
subsequent
performance,
at
time
reflecting
updated
predicted
value.
More
recently,
evidence
has
also
emerged
hemispherically
lateralised
action;
greater
hemisphere
contralateral
spatial
target
This
effect
emerges
over
course
strength
action-outcome
association.
Thus,
their
association
shape
performance
processes
necessary
support
this
control.
International Journal of Eating Disorders,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
57(7), С. 1406 - 1417
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Abstract
Objective
The
development
of
novel
treatments
for
anorexia
nervosa
(AN)
requires
a
detailed
understanding
the
biological
underpinnings
specific,
commonly
occurring
symptoms,
including
compulsive
exercise.
There
is
considerable
bio‐behavioral
overlap
between
AN
and
obsessive‐compulsive
disorder
(OCD),
therefore
it
plausible
that
similar
mechanisms
underlie
behavior
in
both
populations.
While
association
these
conditions
widely
acknowledged,
defining
shared
OCD
approach.
Methods
We
present
an
argument
better
neurobiological
underpin
exercise
can
be
achieved
two
critical
ways.
First,
by
applying
framework
neuronal
control
to
AN,
second,
taking
advantage
activity‐based
(ABA)
rodent
model
directly
test
this
context
feeding
pathology.
Results
A
cross‐disciplinary
approach
spans
preclinical,
neuroimaging,
clinical
research
as
well
neurocircuitry
advance
our
when,
why,
how
develops
provide
targets
treatment
strategies.
Discussion
In
article,
we
(i)
link
expression
via
transition
goal‐directed
habitual
behavior,
(ii)
disrupted
cortico‐striatal
circuitry
key
substrate
conditions,
(iii)
highlight
utility
ABA
understand
relevant
AN.
Public
Significance
Individuals
with
who
compulsively
are
at
risk
worse
health
outcomes
have
poorer
responses
standard
treatments.
However,
remains
inadequately
understood.
Identifying
whether
neural
underlying
also
controls
hyperactivity
will
aid
eating
strategies
high‐risk
population.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024
Abstract
Spiny
projection
neurons
(SPNs)
in
dorsal
striatum
are
often
proposed
as
a
locus
of
reinforcement
learning
the
basal
ganglia.
Here,
we
identify
and
resolve
fundamental
inconsistency
between
striatal
models
known
SPN
synaptic
plasticity
rules.
Direct-pathway
(dSPN)
indirect-pathway
(iSPN)
neurons,
which
promote
suppress
actions,
respectively,
exhibit
that
reinforces
activity
associated
with
elevated
or
suppressed
dopamine
release.
We
show
iSPN
prevents
successful
learning,
it
patterns
negative
outcomes.
However,
this
pathological
behavior
is
reversed
if
functionally
opponent
dSPNs
iSPNs,
current
behavior,
simultaneously
activated
by
efferent
input
following
action
selection.
This
prediction
supported
recordings
contrasts
prior
representations.
In
our
model,
selection
signals
can
be
multiplexed
without
interference,
enabling
algorithms
beyond
those
standard
temporal
difference
models.