Neuronal parts list and wiring diagram for a visual system

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 634(8032), С. 166 - 180

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Visual processing in the fly, from photoreceptors to behavior

Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 224(2)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

Abstract Originally a genetic model organism, the experimental use of Drosophila melanogaster has grown to include quantitative behavioral analyses, sophisticated perturbations neuronal function, and detailed sensory physiology. A highlight these developments can be seen in context vision, where pioneering studies have uncovered fundamental generalizable principles processing. Here we begin with an overview vision-guided behaviors common methods for probing visual circuits. We then outline anatomy physiology brain regions involved processing, beginning at periphery ending descending motor control. Areas focus contrast motion detection optic lobe, circuits feature selectivity, computations support spatial navigation, contextual associative learning. Finally, look future fly neuroscience discuss promising topics further study.

Язык: Английский

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Connectome-constrained deep mechanistic networks predict neural responses across the fly visual system at single-neuron resolution

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Abstract We can now measure the connectivity of every neuron in a neural circuit, but we are still blind to other biological details, including dynamical characteristics each neuron. The degree which measurements alone inform understanding computation is an open question. Here show that with only network, predict activity underlying computation. constructed model network experimentally determined for 64 cell types motion pathways fruit fly optic lobe unknown parameters single and synapse properties. then optimized values these using techniques from deep learning, allow detect visual motion. Our mechanistic makes detailed testable predictions connectome. found agreed experimental across 24 studies. work demonstrates strategy generating hypotheses about mechanisms circuit function measurements. this more likely be successful when neurons sparsely connected—a universally observed feature networks species brain regions.

Язык: Английский

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Heterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Visual systems are homogeneous structures, where repeating columnar units retinotopically cover the visual field. Each of these columns contain many same neuron types that distinguished by anatomic, genetic and - generally functional properties. However, there exceptions to this rule. In 800 Drosophila eye, is an anatomically genetically identifiable cell type with variable properties, Tm9. Since anatomical connectivity shapes neuronal we identified presynaptic inputs several hundred Tm9s across both optic lobes using full adult female fly brain (FAFB) electron microscopic dataset FlyWire connectome. Our work shows Tm9 has three major sparsely distributed inputs. This differs from other Tm neurons, which have only one major, more stereotypic than Genetic synapse labeling showed heterogeneous wiring exists individuals. Together, our data argue system uses heterogeneous, circuit properties achieve robust processing.

Язык: Английский

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Neuronal “parts list” and wiring diagram for a visual system

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2023

A catalog of neuronal cell types has often been called a "parts list" the brain, and regarded as prerequisite for understanding brain function. In optic lobe

Язык: Английский

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Interneuron diversity and normalization specificity in a visual system

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Abstract Normalization is a fundamental operation in image processing. Convolutional nets have evolved to include large number of normalizations (Ioffe and Szegedy 2015; Ulyanov, Vedaldi, Lempitsky 2016; Wu He 2018), this architectural shift has proved essential for robust computer vision (He et al. Bjorck 2018; Santurkar, Tsipras, Ilyas 2018). Studies biological vision, contrast, invoked just one or few model psychophysical (Mach 1868; Furman 1965; Sperling 1970) physiological (Carandini Heeger 2011; Shin Adesnik 2024) observations that accumulated over century. Here connectomic information (Matsliah 2023) used argue interneurons the fly visual system support with unprecedented specificity. Ten interneuron types distal medulla (Dm) optic lobe, example, appear chiefly spatial normalizations, each which specific single cell type length scale. Another Dm supports normalization features as well space. Two outlier do not at all. Interneuron likely be normalizers are identified only but also all other families lobe. For diversity appears an inevitable consequence specificity normalizations.

Язык: Английский

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First-order visual interneurons distribute distinct contrast and luminance information across ON and OFF pathways to achieve stable behavior

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 9, 2022

The accurate processing of contrast is the basis for all visually guided behaviors. Visual scenes with rapidly changing illumination challenge computation because photoreceptor adaptation not fast enough to compensate such changes. Yet, human perception stable even when visual environment quickly changing, suggesting rapid post receptor luminance gain control. Similarly, in fruit fly Drosophila, control leads invariant behavior moving OFF stimuli. Here, we show that behavioral responses ON stimuli also utilize a gain, and ON-motion depends on inputs from three first-order interneurons L1, L2, L3. Each these neurons encodes differently distributes information asymmetrically across both contrast-selective pathways. Behavioral rely luminance-based correction provided by L1 L3, wherein supports linearly, L3 non-linearly amplifies dim Therefore, are specific pathways but lamina serves as separate layer distinct support varying conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Multifaceted luminance gain control beyond photoreceptors in Drosophila

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(13), С. 2632 - 2645.e6

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023

Animals navigating in natural environments must handle vast changes their sensory input. Visual systems, for example, luminance at many timescales, from slow across the day to rapid during active behavior. To maintain luminance-invariant perception, visual systems adapt sensitivity changing different timescales. We demonstrate that gain control photoreceptors alone is insufficient explain invariance both fast and timescales reveal algorithms adjust past fly eye. combined imaging behavioral experiments with computational modeling show downstream of photoreceptors, circuitry taking input single luminance-sensitive neuron type L3 implements This computation bidirectional it prevents underestimation contrasts low overestimation high luminance. An algorithmic model disentangles these multifaceted contributions shows occurs The a nonlinear interaction contrast achieve correction dark-sensitive channel improve detection dim stimuli Together, our work demonstrates how neuronal performs diverse computations implement multiple are together important navigation environments.

Язык: Английский

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Looking across the gap: Understanding the evolution of eyes and vision among insects

BioEssays, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Abstract The compound eyes of insects exhibit stunning variation in size, structure, and function, which has allowed these animals to use their vision adapt a huge range different environments lifestyles, evolve complex behaviors. Much our knowledge eye development been learned from Drosophila , while visual adaptations behaviors are often more striking better understood studies other insects. However, recent insects, including bees, beetles, butterflies, have begun address this gap by revealing the genetic developmental bases differences morphology key new aspects structure function. Furthermore, technical advances facilitated generation high‐resolution connectomic data insect species that enhances understanding information processing, impact changes processes on evolution behavior. Here, we review breakthroughs propose future integrated research function systems within among represents great opportunity understand remarkable diversification vision.

Язык: Английский

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Sexual dimorphism and morphological integration in the orchid bee brain

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Abstract Sex-specific behaviours are common across animals and often associated with sexual dimorphism in the nervous system. Using micro-CT scanning we standardized sex-specific brain atlases tested for of orchid bee Euglossa dilemma , a species marked sex differences social behaviour, mating strategies foraging. Males show greater investment all primary visual processing neuropils uniquely integrated central complex, evidenced by strong positive covariation. This suggests that males invest more on locomotor control, flight stability sky-compass navigation which may have evolved response to behaviours, like courtship display. In contrast, females larger mushroom bodies strongly positively covary optic lobes increased volume Kenyon cell cluster, implying capabilities associative memory. We speculate this is an adaptation nest-building reliance learning landmarks required place Our study provides first record sexually dimorphic morphological integration insect, approach revealed traits lack apparent signal. These subtle provide further evidence causal link between architecture behaviour.

Язык: Английский

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