Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Frontiers in Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning memory possibly cognition vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program implement vision multidisciplinary field OI. This aims establish OI as form genuine biological computing that harnesses using scientific bioengineering an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated can now be produced with high cell density enriched levels glial cells gene expression for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems support scalable durable culturing, spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution electrophysiological signaling recording explore capacity recapitulate mechanisms formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training organoid-computer interfaces are development. We envisage complex, networked whereby connected real-world sensors output devices, ultimately each other sensory organ (e.g. retinal organoids), trained biofeedback, big-data warehousing, machine methods. In parallel, emphasize embedded ethics approach analyze ethical raised by research iterative, manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications this urge strategic development discipline. anticipate OI-based allow faster decision-making, continuous during tasks, greater energy data efficiency. Furthermore, “intelligence-in-a-dish” help elucidate pathophysiology devastating developmental degenerative diseases (such dementia), potentially aiding identification therapeutic approaches address major global unmet needs.

Язык: Английский

---

A guide to the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network data ecosystem

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(6), С. e3002133 - e3002133

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Characterizing cellular diversity at different levels of biological organization and across data modalities is a prerequisite to understanding the function cell types in brain. Classification neurons also essential manipulate controlled ways understand their variation vulnerability brain disorders. The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) an integrated network data-generating centers, archives, standards developers, with goal systematic multimodal type profiling characterization. Emphasis BICCN on whole mouse demonstration prototype feasibility for human nonhuman primate (NHP) brains. Here, we provide guide spatial approaches employed by BICCN, accessing using these extensive resources, including Data Center (BCDC), which serves manage integrate ecosystem. We illustrate power ecosystem through vignettes highlighting several analysis visualization tools. Finally, present emerging that have been developed or adopted toward Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) neuroscience. combined provides comprehensive resource exploration

Язык: Английский

---

Integrated platform for multiscale molecular imaging and phenotyping of the human brain

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6701)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Understanding cellular architectures and their connectivity is essential for interrogating system function dysfunction. However, we lack technologies mapping the multiscale details of individual cells in human organ-scale system. We developed a platform that simultaneously extracts spatial, molecular, morphological, information from same brain. The includes three core elements: vibrating microtome ultraprecision slicing large-scale tissues without losing (MEGAtome), polymer hydrogel-based tissue processing technology multiplexed imaging (mELAST), computational pipeline reconstructing three-dimensional across multiple brain slabs (UNSLICE). applied this analyzing Alzheimer's disease pathology at scales demonstrating scalable neural

Язык: Английский

---

Functional connectomics spanning multiple areas of mouse visual cortex

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2021

Abstract To understand the brain we must relate neurons’ functional responses to circuit architecture that shapes them. Here, present a large connectomics dataset with dense calcium imaging of millimeter scale volume. We recorded activity from approximately 75,000 neurons in primary visual cortex (VISp) and three higher areas (VISrl, VISal VISlm) an awake mouse viewing natural movies synthetic stimuli. The data were co-registered volumetric electron microscopy (EM) reconstruction containing more than 200,000 cells 0.5 billion synapses. Subsequent proofreading subset this volume yielded reconstructions include complete dendritic trees as well local inter-areal axonal projections map up thousands cell-to-cell connections per neuron. release open-access resource scientific community including set tools facilitate retrieval downstream analysis. In accompanying papers describe our findings using provide comprehensive structural characterization cortical cell types 1–3 most detailed synaptic level connectivity diagram column date 2 , uncovering unique cell-type specific inhibitory motifs can be linked gene expression 4 . Functionally, identify new computational principles how information is integrated across space 5 characterize novel neuronal invariances 6 bring structure function together decipher general principle wires excitatory within 7, 8

Язык: Английский

---

Is Neuroscience FAIR? A Call for Collaborative Standardisation of Neuroscience Data

Neuroinformatics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(2), С. 507 - 512

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

Abstract In this perspective article, we consider the critical issue of data and other research object standardisation and, specifically, how international collaboration, organizations such as International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) can encourage that emerging neuroscience be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) . As neuroscientists engaged in sharing integration multi-modal multiscale data, see current insufficiency standards a major impediment Interoperability Reusability results. We call for increased collaborative to foster efficient reuse objects.

Язык: Английский

---

The rapid developmental rise of somatic inhibition disengages hippocampal dynamics from self-motion

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2022

Early electrophysiological brain oscillations recorded in preterm babies and newborn rodents are initially mostly driven by bottom-up sensorimotor activity only later can detach from external inputs. This is a hallmark of most developing areas, including the hippocampus, which, adult brain, functions integrating inputs onto internal dynamics. Such developmental disengagement likely fundamental step for proper development cognitive models. Despite its importance, timeline circuit basis this remain unknown. To address issue, we have investigated daily evolution CA1 dynamics underlying circuits during first two postnatal weeks mouse using two-photon calcium imaging non-anesthetized pups. We show that week ends with an abrupt shift representation self-motion CA1. Indeed, pyramidal cells switch activated to inhibited self-generated movements at end week, whereas majority GABAergic neurons positively modulated throughout period. rapid occurs within 2 days follows anatomical functional surge local somatic innervation. The observed change consistent two-population model undergoing strengthening inhibition. propose transition inaugurates emergence hippocampal

Язык: Английский

---

Single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe flexibly shift representations across spatial and memory tasks

Hippocampus, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(5), С. 600 - 615

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2023

Investigations into how individual neurons encode behavioral variables of interest have revealed specific representations in single neurons, such as place and object cells, well a wide range cells with conjunctive encodings or mixed selectivity. However, most experiments examine neural activity within tasks, it is currently unclear if change across different task contexts. Within this discussion, the medial temporal lobe particularly salient, known to be important for multiple behaviors including spatial navigation memory, however relationship between these functions unclear. Here, investigate vary contexts lobe, we collected analyzed single-neuron from human participants they completed paired-task session consisting passive-viewing visual working memory task. Five patients contributed 22 sessions, which were spike sorted together allow same putative compared tasks. each task, replicated concept-related activations target-location serial-position responsive When comparing neuronal first established that significant number maintained kind representation, responding stimuli presentations Further, found changed nature their representation stimulus responded serial position Overall, our results support flexible encoding multiple, distinct aspects tasks by whereby some feature coding

Язык: Английский

---

Spike sorting algorithms and their efficient hardware implementation: a comprehensive survey

Journal of Neural Engineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(2), С. 021001 - 021001

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Objective. Spike sorting is a set of techniques used to analyze extracellular neural recordings, attributing individual spikes neurons. This field has gained significant interest in neuroscience due advances implantable microelectrode arrays, capable recording thousands neurons simultaneously. High-density electrodes, combined with efficient and accurate spike systems, are essential for various applications, including brain machine interfaces (BMIs), experimental prosthetics, real-time neurological disorder monitoring, research. However, given the resource constraints modern relying solely on algorithmic innovation not enough. Instead, co-optimization approach that combines hardware algorithms must be taken develop systems suitable resource-constrained environments, such as wearable devices BMIs. co-design requires careful consideration when selecting appropriate spike-sorting match specific use cases.Approach. We investigated recent literature sorting, both terms advancements innovations. Moreover, we dedicated special attention identifying algorithm-hardware combinations, their respective real-world applicabilities.Main results. In this review, first examined current progress algorithms, described departure from conventional '3-step' favor more advanced template matching or machine-learning-based techniques. Next, explored innovative options, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate in-memory computing (IMCs). Additionally, challenges future opportunities discussed.Significance. comprehensive review systematically summarizes latest demonstrates how they enable researchers overcome traditional obstacles unlock novel applications. Our goal work serve roadmap seeking identify most implementations settings. By doing so, aim facilitate advancement exciting promote development solutions drive engineering

Язык: Английский

---

Sharing neurophysiology data from the Allen Brain Observatory

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Nullius in verba ('trust no one'), chosen as the motto of Royal Society 1660, implies that independently verifiable observations-rather than authoritative claims-are a defining feature empirical science. As complexity modern scientific instrumentation has made exact replications prohibitive, sharing data is now essential for ensuring trustworthiness one's findings. While embraced spirit by many, practice open remains exception contemporary systems neuroscience. Here, we take stock Allen Brain Observatory, an effort to share and metadata associated with surveys neuronal activity visual system laboratory mice. Data from these have been used produce new discoveries, validate computational algorithms, benchmark comparison other data, resulting over 100 publications preprints date. We distill some lessons learned about reuse, including remaining barriers what might be done address these.

Язык: Английский

---

Offline ensemble co-reactivation links memories across days

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024

Abstract Memories are encoded in neural ensembles during learning 1–6 and stabilized by post-learning reactivation 7–17 . Integrating recent experiences into existing memories ensures that contain the most recently available information, but how brain accomplishes this critical process remains unclear. Here we show mice, a strong aversive experience drives offline ensemble of not only memory also neutral formed 2 days before, linking fear to previous memory. Fear specifically links retrospectively, prospectively, across days. Consistent with studies, find is reactivated period after learning. However, increases co-reactivation period. Ensemble occurs more wake than sleep. Finally, expression context associated shared between memories. Collectively, these results demonstrate mechanism which integrated

Язык: Английский

---