Artificial intelligence for image recognition in diagnosing oral and oropharyngeal cancer and leukoplakia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Visual diagnosis is one of the key features squamous cell carcinoma oral cavity (OSCC) and oropharynx (OPSCC), both subsets head neck (HNSCC) with a heterogeneous clinical appearance. Advancements in artificial intelligence led to Image recognition being introduced recently into large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT 4.0. This exploratory study, for first time, evaluated application image by diagnose leukoplakia based on images, images without any lesion control group. A total 45 were analyzed, comprising 15 cases each SCC, leukoplakia, non-lesion images. 4.0 was tasked providing most likely these scenario one. In two history provided, whereas three only given. The results accuracy LLM rated independent reviewers overall performance using modified Artificial Intelligence Performance Index (AIPI. this demonstrated ability correctly identify alone, while SCC insufficient, but improved including prompt. Providing resulted misclassification some cases. Oral lesions more be diagnosed correctly. study lesions, convincing detecting when added, Leukoplakia detected solely recognition. therefore currently insufficient reliable OPSCC OSCC diagnosis, further technological advancements may pave way use setting.

Language: Английский

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Current and Emerging Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 415 - 415

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a biologically diverse set of that responsible for over 660,000 new diagnoses each year. Current therapies HNC require comprehensive, multimodal approach encompassing resection, radiation therapy, systemic therapy. With an increased understanding the mechanisms behind HNC, there has been growing interest in more accurate prognostic indicators disease, effective post-treatment surveillance, individualized treatments. This chapter will highlight commonly used studied biomarkers head squamous cell carcinoma.

Language: Английский

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Circulating HPVDNA in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer: liquid biopsy could identify molecular residual disease

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Multidisciplinary Care of Patients With Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

ASCO Guidelines provide recommendations with comprehensive review and analyses of the relevant literature for each recommendation, following guideline development process as outlined in Methodology Manual . follow Conflict Interest Policy Clinical Practice other guidance (“Guidance”) provided by is not a or definitive guide to treatment options. It intended voluntary use clinicians should be used conjunction independent professional judgment. Guidance may applicable all patients, interventions, diseases stages diseases. based on analysis statement standard care. does endorse third-party drugs, devices, services, therapies assumes no responsibility any harm arising from related this information. See complete disclaimer Appendix 1 2 (online only) more PURPOSE To evidence-based transoral robotic surgery (TORS) multidisciplinary management oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPC). METHODS convened Expert Panel evaluate evidence formulate recommendations. The search included studies published between January 1, 2002, August 31, 2024, comprised systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies. Outcomes interest include overall disease-free survival, functional outcomes, quality life. members available informal consensus develop RESULTS A total 58 publications were identified inform base guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS Evidence-based address evaluation workup patients human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive OPC, role TORS, patient selection, adjuvant therapy, HPV-negative TORS salvage recurrent setting. Additional information at www.asco.org/head-neck-cancer-guidelines

Language: Английский

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Circulating Tumor HPV DNA for Surveillance of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

JAMA Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1716 - 1716

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has an overall favorable prognosis, yet a subset of patients will experience devastating disease recurrence. Current surveillance standards for detection recurrent are imperfect. There is growing interest in improving through the use plasma-based assays able to detect circulating tumor HPV DNA.Although most DNA remain research domain, tissue-modified viral assay became commercially available United States early 2020 and been increasingly used clinical setting. With rapidly increasing incidence HPV-positive concomitant expansion biomarker capabilities this disease, it critical reexamine current posttreatment practices determine whether emerging technologies may be improve outcomes survivor population. However, caution advised; not known biomarker-based truly beneficial, as true with any intervention, capacity cause harm.Using Margaret Pepe's classic 5 phases development cancer framework, article reviews state knowledge, highlights existing knowledge gaps, suggests that should prioritized understand association between patient outcomes. Specific attention paid assay, given its use. This review serve road map future guide clinicians considering adoption practice. Enrollment into trials incorporating prioritized.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1482 - 1482

Published: July 19, 2024

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute a wide range of malignancies originating from the epithelial lining upper aerodigestive tract, including oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal paranasal sinuses, salivary glands. Although lymphomas affecting this region are not conventionally classified as HNCs, they may occur in lymph nodes or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues within head neck. Oncogenic viruses play crucial role HNC onset. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is extensively studied for its association with oropharyngeal cancers; nevertheless, other oncogenic also contribute to development. This review provides an overview epidemiology, pathogenesis, advancements detection methods associated recognizing HPV's well-established while exploring additional viral connections. Notably, Epstein-Barr virus linked nasopharyngeal carcinoma lymphomas. herpesvirus 8 implicated Kaposi's sarcoma, Merkel cell polyomavirus subsets HNCs. Additionally, hepatitis examined their potential Understanding contributions area critical refining therapeutic approaches. underlines interaction between region, highlighting necessity ongoing research elucidate mechanisms enhance clinical outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The landscape of circulating tumor HPV DNA and TTMV-HPVDNA for surveillance of HPV-oropharyngeal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Abstract Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancers of the oropharynx are rapidly increasing in incidence and may soon represent majority all head neck cancers. Improved monitoring surveillance methods thus an urgent need public health. Main text The goal is to highlight current potential limitations liquid biopsy through a meta analytic study on ctHPVDNA TTMV-HPVDNA. It was performed Literature search articles published until December 2023 using three different databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library. Studies that evaluated post-treatment TTMV-HPVDNA patients with HPV + OPSCC, studies reporting complete data diagnostic accuracy recurrence, or which number true positives, false negatives, negatives extractable, detection viral DNA clearly defined. meta-analysis conducted following Meta-analysis Of Observational Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. aim this evaluate sensitivity, specificity, TTMV by ddPCR define its efficacy clinical setting for follow up HPV-OPSCC. Conclusion 12 included provided total 1311 analysis (398 valuated 913 TTMV-HPVDNA). Pooled sensitivity specificity were 86% (95% CI: 78%-91%) 96% 91%-99%), respectively; negative positive likelihood ratios 0.072 0.057–0.093) 24.7 6.5–93.2), pooled DOR 371.66 179.1–918). area under curve (AUC) 0.81 CI, 0.67–0.91). Liquid identification cell free might identify earlier recurrence OPSCC patients. At present time, protocol needs be standardized cannot yet used setting. In future, multidimensional integrated approach links multiple clinical, radiological, laboratory will contribute obtain best follow-up strategies

Language: Английский

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Review of Current and Future Medical Treatments in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 3488 - 3488

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex cancer requiring multidisciplinary approach. For patients with locally or regionally advanced disease, surgery and/or radiation are the cornerstones of definitive treatment. Medical therapy plays an important adjunct role in this setting, typically consisting platinum-based regimen given as induction, concurrent, adjuvant While relapsed/metastatic HNSCC has historically been difficult-to-treat disease poor outcomes, options have considerably improved incorporation biologics immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trials ongoing to investigate novel approaches, including new combination immunotherapies, targeted therapies, therapeutic vaccines, antibody-drug conjugates, cellular therapies. The results thus far mixed, highlighting knowledge gaps that continue challenge medical oncologist treating HNSCC. Here, we present most updated broad review current treatment landscape both locoregional metastatic discuss expansive future therapies under investigation.

Language: Английский

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Preoperative Circulating Tumor HPV DNA and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Disease

JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 150(5), P. 444 - 444

Published: April 4, 2024

Importance The utility of preoperative circulating tumor tissue-modified viral human papillomavirus DNA (TTMV-HPV DNA) levels in predicting (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) disease burden is unknown. Objective To determine if HPV (ctHPVDNA) associated with patients HPV+ OPSCC who have undergone transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study comprised underwent primary TORS between September 2021 April 2023 at one tertiary academic institution. Patients treatment-naive (p16-positive) ctHPVDNA were included, those neck mass excision before collection excluded. Main Outcomes Measures main outcome was the association increasing size lymph node involvement surgical pathology. secondary adverse pathology, which included lymphovascular invasion, perineural or extranodal extension. Results A total 70 (65 men [93%]; mean [SD] age, 61 [8] years). Baseline ranged from 0 fragments/milliliter plasma (frag/mL) to 49 452 frag/mL (median [IQR], 272 [30-811] frag/mL). Overall, 58 (83%) had positive results for ctHPVDNA, 1 (1.4%) indeterminate results, 11 (15.6%) negative results. sensitivity detectable identifying pathology-confirmed 84%. Twenty-seven (39%) pathologic (pT) staging pT0 pT1, 34 (49%) pT2 staging, 9 (13%) pT3 pT4 staging. No clinically meaningful difference undetectable cohorts found Although median appeared be higher through stages pN1 pN2 stages, effect sizes small (pT stage: η2, 0.002 [95% CI, −1.188 0.827]; pN 0.043 −0.188 2.600]). Median log(TTMV-HPV active smokers (8.79 3.55-5.76]), compared never (5.92 −0.97 1.81]) former (4.99 0.92-6.23]). Regression analysis did not show an dimension metastatic deposit DNA). After univariate analysis, no Conclusions Relevance In this study, TORS.

Language: Английский

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De-Escalated Therapy and Early Treatment of Recurrences in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: The Potential for Biomarkers to Revolutionize Personalized Therapy

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 536 - 536

Published: March 29, 2024

Human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common HPV-associated cancer in United States, with a rapid increase incidence over last two decades. The burden of HPV+ HNSCC likely to continue rise, given long latency between infection development HNSCC, it estimated that effect HPV vaccine will not be reflected prevalence until 2060. Efforts have begun decrease morbidity standard therapies for this disease, its improved characterization being leveraged identify target molecular vulnerabilities. Companion biomarkers new responsive tumors. A more basic understanding mechanisms carcinogenesis has identified subtypes correlate different carcinogenic programs tumors good or poor prognosis. Current reliably these subtypes, as well can detect recurrent disease at an earlier time, immediate clinical application.

Language: Английский

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