Addiction Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(5)
Published: May 1, 2024
Abstract
Opioid
addiction
is
a
relapsing
disorder
marked
by
uncontrolled
drug
use
and
reduced
interest
in
normally
rewarding
activities.
The
current
study
investigated
the
impact
of
spontaneous
withdrawal
from
chronic
morphine
exposure
on
emotional,
motivational
cognitive
processes
involved
regulating
pursuit
consumption
food
rewards
male
rats.
In
Experiment
1,
rats
experiencing
acute
lost
weight
displayed
somatic
signs
dependence.
However,
hedonically
driven
sucrose
was
significantly
elevated,
suggesting
intact
potentially
heightened
reward
processing.
2,
undergoing
motivation
when
performing
an
effortful
response
for
palatable
reward.
Subsequent
devaluation
testing
revealed
that
disrupted
their
ability
to
exert
flexible
goal‐directed
control
over
seeking.
Specifically,
morphine‐withdrawn
were
impaired
using
value
select
actions
both
relying
prior
action‐outcome
learning
given
direct
feedback
about
consequences
actions.
3,
tested
after
prolonged
rather
than
diminished
retained
engage
action
selection.
brief
re‐exposure
sufficient
impair
disrupt
selection,
though
this
case,
only
presence
morphine‐paired
context
cues
absence
response‐contingent
feedback.
We
suggest
these
opioid‐withdrawal
induced
deficits
may
contribute
interfering
with
adaptive
alternatives
use.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
181(5), P. 412 - 422
Published: May 1, 2024
Objective:
Stress
and
alcohol
cue
reactivity
are
associated
with
poor
treatment
outcomes
in
use
disorder
(AUD),
but
sex-specific
neural
correlates
of
stress
cue–induced
craving
compared
neutral
heavy
drinking
AUD
have
not
been
examined.
Thus,
this
study
prospectively
examined
these
associations
assessed
sex
differences.
Methods:
Treatment-seeking
adults
(N=77;
46
men
31
women)
completed
a
functional
MRI
task
involving
stress,
alcohol,
exposure
repeated
assessments
craving.
Most
participants
(N=72;
43
29
then
participated
an
8-week
standardized
behavioral
program,
during
which
the
percentage
days
was
assessed.
Results:
Significant
increases
both
relative
to
were
observed,
greater
alcohol-neutral
contrast
stress-neutral
among
equivalent
contrasts
women.
Whole-brain
voxel-based
regression
analyses
showed
craving-associated
hyperactivation
condition,
hypoactive
prefrontal
(ventromedial
lateral
prefrontal,
supplementary
motor,
anterior
cingulate
regions)
striatal
responses
stressful
images
(stress-neutral
contrast)
cues
(alcohol-neutral
contrast),
significant
Additionally,
higher
hypoactivation
subgenual
cortex
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
women,
hypothalamus
men,
hippocampus
men.
Conclusions:
Sex
differences
stress-
cue-induced
cortico-striatal-limbic
network
related
subjective
indicated
that
distinct
brain
circuits
underlie
women
These
findings
underscore
need
for
therapeutics
address
dysfunction
effectively.
Perspectives on Psychological Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(4), P. 936 - 954
Published: Nov. 28, 2022
Climate
change
is
undermining
the
mental
and
physical
health
of
global
populations,
but
question
how
it
affecting
substance-use
behaviors
has
not
been
systematically
examined.
In
this
narrative
synthesis,
we
find
that
climate
could
increase
harmful
substance
use
worldwide
through
at
least
five
pathways:
psychosocial
stress
arising
from
destabilization
social,
environmental,
economic,
geopolitical
support
systems;
increased
rates
disorders;
physical-health
burden;
incremental
changes
to
established
behavior
patterns;
worry
about
dangers
unchecked
change.
These
pathways
operate
independently,
additively,
interactively,
cumulatively
vulnerability.
Young
people
face
disproportionate
risks
because
their
high
vulnerability
mental-health
problems
disorders
greater
number
life
years
ahead
in
which
be
exposed
current
worsening
We
suggest
systems
thinking
developmental
life-course
approaches
provide
practical
frameworks
for
conceptualizing
relationship.
Further
conceptual,
methodological,
empirical
work
urgently
needed
evaluate
nature
scope
burden
so
effective
adaptive
preventive
action
can
taken.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
200, P. 107078 - 107078
Published: Jan. 21, 2024
Substance
use
disorders
(SUDs)
and
drug
overdose
are
a
public
health
emergency
safe
effective
treatments
urgently
needed.
Developing
new
medications
to
treat
them
is
expensive,
time-consuming,
the
probability
of
compound
progressing
clinical
trials
obtaining
FDA-approval
low.
The
small
number
FDA-approved
for
SUDs
reflects
low
interest
pharmaceutical
companies
invest
in
this
area
due
market
forces,
characteristics
population
(e.g.,
stigma,
socio-economic
legal
disadvantages),
high
bar
regulatory
agencies
set
medication
approval.
In
consequence,
most
research
on
funded
by
government
agencies,
such
as
National
Institute
Drug
Abuse
(NIDA).
Multiple
scientific
opportunities
emerging
that
can
accelerate
discovery
development
SUDs.
These
include
fast
efficient
tools
screen
molecules,
discover
targets,
big
data
explore
large
sets
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
applications
make
predictions,
precision
medicine
individualize
optimize
treatments.
This
review
provides
general
description
these
strategies
with
emphasis
gaps
opportunities.
It
includes
brief
overview
rising
toll
SUDs;
justification,
challenges,
develop
medications;
discussion
treatment
endpoints
being
evaluated
support
from
NIDA.
International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1), P. 100551 - 100551
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Methamphetamine
use
disorder
(MUD)
is
characterized
by
prominent
psychological
craving
and
its
relapsing
nature.
Previous
studies
have
linked
trait
impulsivity
abstinence
duration
to
drug
use,
but
the
neural
substrates
of
cue-induced
relationship
with
these
traits
remain
unclear
in
MUD.
We
acquired
high-density
resting-state
electroencephalography
(EEG)
after
participants
watched
a
five-minute
video
demonstrating
methamphetamine
use.
Combining
precise
source
imaging
reconstruct
brain
activities
connectome
predictive
modeling
(CPM),
we
built
craving-specific
network
within
beta
band
activity
from
two
independent
MUD
cohorts
(N=144
for
model
development
N=47
validation).
This
reveals
unified
signature
MUD,
spanning
multiple
networks
including
medial
prefrontal,
frontal
parietal,
subcortical
networks.
Our
findings
underscored
mediating
role
this
profile
modulating
between
intensity.
Moreover,
mediated
EEG-derived
craving.
study
presents
novel
that
utilizes
sourced
connectivity
EEG
recording
successfully
predict
abstinent
individuals
These
results
shed
light
on
cognitive
organization
involved
craving,
involving
control,
attention,
reward
reactivity.
A
comprehensive
analysis
data's
capacity
decipher
craving's
complex
dynamics,
facilitating
improved
understanding
targeted
treatments
substance
disorders.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Individuals
with
cocaine
use
disorder
experience
heightened
motivation
to
pursue
rewards
tied
cocaine,
often
triggered
by
associated
cues.
Cue
reactivity
and
subsequent
craving
significantly
elevate
the
risk
of
substance
use,
creating
a
pressing
need
for
treatments
that
can
help
alleviate
cravings.
However,
no
pharmaceutical
therapies
treating
have
been
approved.
Preclinical
findings
reveal
dysfunctions
in
glutamatergic
pathway
connecting
prefrontal
regions
nucleus
accumbens,
which
are
correlated
cue-induced
substance-seeking
behaviour.
These
alterations,
at
both
molecular
behavioural
levels,
be
reversed
rodents
N-acetylcysteine,
modulator
signalling.
In
contrast,
therapeutic
potential
humans
remains
uncertain.
Here,
we
assessed
impact
short-term
challenge
N-acetylcysteine
on
neural
responses
cues
randomised,
placebo-controlled
cross-over
trial
using
fMRI
cue
paradigm.
total,
44
scans
22
individuals
were
recorded-once
after
administration
2,400
mg
N-acetylcysteine/day
2
days
once
placebo
intake.
condition,
participants
showed
increased
towards
pictures,
accompanied
higher
cravings
as
compared
neutral
images.
accordance
recent
meta-analyses,
was
evident
parietal
such
posterior
cingulate
precuneus,
temporal
like
hippocampus,
bilateral
insula,
medial
regions,
namely
inferior,
middle,
superior
frontal
gyrus.
Cue-induced
activity
gyrus
strongly
predicted
individual
duration
use.
While
subjectively
rated
craving,
decreased
under
placebo.
Our
show
reduced
even
brief
pharmacological
N-acetylcysteine.
Since
drug
has
shown
precursor
relapse
behaviour,
N-acetylcysteine's
should
further
investigated
future
studies
extending
treatment
periods.
https://clinicaltrials.gov,
identifier
NCT02626494.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 25, 2025
Abstract
Cigarette
smoking
remains
the
leading
preventable
cause
of
death,
emphasizing
need
for
new
therapeutics,
such
as
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS).
We
tested
hypothesis
that
TMS
to
three
targets
would
reduce
cigarette
craving
and
withdrawal
by
modulating
connectivity
within
between
canonical
networks
in
a
randomized
clinical
trial
(ClinicalTrials.gov:
NCT03827265).
Participants
(
N
=
72;
DSM-5
tobacco
use
disorder,
≥1
year
daily
smoking)
received
one
session
hubs
resting-state
networks:
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(dlPFC),
superior
frontal
gyrus
(SFG),
posterior
parietal
(PPC),
area
v5
(control).
Self-reports
(craving,
withdrawal,
negative
affect)
functional
were
measured
before
after
stimulation.
SFG
significantly
reduced
(95%
CI,
0.0476–7.9559)
0.9225–8.1063)
versus
control,
with
larger
effects
men
D
0.59)
than
women
0.30).
did
not
change
network
connectivity,
whereas
dlPFC
increased
somatomotor,
default
mode,
dorsal
attention
connectivity.
No
severe
or
unexpected
treatment-related
adverse
events
occurred.
These
findings
suggest
shows
promise
target
smoking-cessation
treatment,
especially
men.
Further
trials
are
warranted
confirm
efficacy
develop
imaging
biomarkers
precision
neuromodulation.
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(1), P. 33 - 42
Published: May 16, 2023
Introduction
Craving,
involving
intense
and
urgent
desires
to
engage
in
specific
behaviours,
is
a
feature
of
addictions.
Multiple
studies
implicate
regions
salience/limbic
networks
basal
ganglia,
fronto-parietal,
medial
frontal
craving
However,
prior
have
not
identified
common
neural
that
reliably
predict
across
substance
behavioural
addictions.Methods
Functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
during
an
audiovisual
cue-reactivity
task
connectome-based
predictive
modelling
(CPM),
data-driven
method
for
generating
brain-behavioural
models,
were
used
study
individuals
with
cocaine-use
disorder
gambling
disorder.
Functions
nodes
relevant
interpreted
based
on
meta-analytic
data.Results
Craving
was
predicted
by
connectivity
disorders.
The
highest
degree
mostly
located
the
prefrontal
cortex.
Overall,
prediction
model
included
complex
including
motor/sensory,
default-mode
networks.
decoding
revealed
high
functional
associations
components
memory,
valence
ratings,
physiological
responses,
finger
movement/motor
imagery.Conclusions
could
be
may
reflect
general
mechanisms
despite
specificities
individual
Prefrontal
associated
working
memory
autobiographical
seem
important
predicting
craving.
For
further
validation,
should
tested
diverse
samples
contexts.